2022 AMC 10B Problem 24

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Concepts:functioninequalityextremal argument

Difficulty rating: 2390

24.

Consider functions ff that satisfy f(x)f(y)12xy|f(x)-f(y)|\leq \dfrac{1}{2}|x-y| for all real numbers xx and y.y. Of all such functions that also satisfy the equation f(300)=f(900),f(300) = f(900), what is the greatest possible value of f(f(800))f(f(400))?f(f(800))-f(f(400))?

25 25

50 50

100 100

150 150

200 200

Solution:

Note that f(f(400))f(f(300))|f(f(400))-f(f(300))| 12f(400)f(300) \leq \dfrac 12 | f(400) - f(300)| 14400300=25,\leq \dfrac 14 |400-300| = 25, and f(f(900))f(f(800))|f(f(900))-f(f(800))| 12f(900)f(800)\leq \dfrac 12 | f(900) - f(800)| 14900800=25.\leq \dfrac 14 |900-800| = 25.

Since f(900)=f(300),f(900) = f(300), by the triangle inequality, we know f(f(800))f(f(400))=|f(f(800)) - f(f(400))| = (f(f(800))f(f(900))) |(f(f(800)) - f(f(900))) - (f(f(400))f(f(300))) (f(f(400))-f(f(300)))| \leq (f(f(800))f(f(900)))+ |(f(f(800)) - f(f(900)))| + (f(f(400))f(f(300))) |(f(f(400))-f(f(300)))| 50.\leq 50.

Now, we must conclude this value is attainable. We can make f(x)f(x) a piecewise function such that f(x)=600f(x) = 600 if x>900x > 900 or x<300,x< 300, f(x)=12(x300)+600f(x) = -\dfrac 12 (x-300)+600 if 300x400,300 \leq x \leq 400, f(x)=12(x600)+600f(x) = \dfrac 12 (x-600)+600 if 400<x<800,400 < x < 800, and f(x)=12(x900)+600f(x) = -\dfrac 12 (x-900)+600 if 800x900.800 \leq x \leq 900. This would make f(f(400))=f(550)=575f(f(400)) = f(550) = 575 and f(f(800))=f(650)=625.f(f(800)) = f(650) = 625. This yields a difference of 50,50, so our result holds.

Thus, the answer is B .

Problem 24 in Other Years