2019 AMC 10B Problem 19

Attempt Problem 19 of the 2019 AMC 10B below, then check your answer against the professionally curated solution from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 2019 AMC 10B solutions, or check the answer key.

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19.

Let SS be the set of all positive integer divisors of 100,000.100,000. How many numbers are the product of two distinct elements of S?S?

98 98

100 100

117 117

119 119

121 121

Answer: C
Concepts:prime factorizationfactor counting
Difficulty rating: 2010
Solution:

First, note that 100,000=2555.100,000=2^5\cdot5^5.

Therefore, any element of SS must be of the form 2a5b2^a5^b with 0a,b5.0 \leq a,b \leq 5.

Suppose I have distinct x,ySx,y \in S with x=2a5b,x = 2^a5^b,y=2c5d.y=2^c5^d. Then, xy=2a+c5b+d.xy = 2^{a+c}5^{b+d}. Thus, 0a+c,b+d10.0 \leq a+c,b+d \leq 10. This means that there are (10+1)(10+1)=121(10+1)(10+1)=121 possible exponent pairs for a product. However, some products can arise only when x=yx=y, namely when (a,b)=(c,d)(a,b)=(c,d).

If a+c=0,a+c=0, then a=0,c=0a=0,c=0 must be true.

If a+c=10,a+c=10, then a=5,c=5a=5,c=5 must be true.

With any other value of a+c,a+c, we can have ac.a \neq c.

Similar structure holds for b+d.b+d. Thus, if a+c,b+d{0,10},a+c,b+d \in \{0,10\}, then (a,b)=(c,d),(a,b)=(c,d), thus making x=y.x=y.

This means we have to eliminate 44 choices, leaving 1214=117.121-4=117.

Thus, the answer is C .

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