2010 AMC 10A Problem 24

Attempt Problem 24 of the 2010 AMC 10A below, then check your answer against the professionally curated solution from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 2010 AMC 10A solutions, or check the answer key.

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24.

The number obtained from the last two nonzero digits of 90!90! is equal to n.n. What is n?n?

1212

3232

4848

5252

6868

Answer: A
Concepts:factorialmodular arithmeticChinese Remainder Theoremtrailing zeros
Difficulty rating: 2390
Solution:

The number of trailing zeroes in 90!90! is 905+9025=21.\left\lfloor\dfrac{90}{5}\right\rfloor+\left\lfloor\dfrac{90}{25}\right\rfloor=21. Let N=90!1021.N=\dfrac{90!}{10^{21}}.

There are still more than two factors of 22 left after removing 1021,10^{21}, so N0(mod4).N\equiv0 \pmod4.

Let AA be the product of factors of 90!90! not divisible by 5,5, and let BB be the product of the factors divisible by 5.5. Grouping residues modulo 2525 gives A1(mod25)A\equiv1\pmod{25} and B5211(mod25).\dfrac{B}{5^{21}}\equiv-1\pmod{25}.

Therefore 90!5211(mod25).\dfrac{90!}{5^{21}}\equiv-1\pmod{25}. Since 2212(mod25),2^{21}\equiv2\pmod{25}, N=90!521221N=\dfrac{90!}{5^{21}\cdot2^{21}} 13\equiv-13 12(mod25).\equiv12\pmod{25}.

The number congruent to 0(mod4)0\pmod4 and 12(mod25)12\pmod{25} is 12(mod100),12\pmod{100}, so the last two nonzero digits form 12.12.

Thus, A is the correct answer.

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