2010 AIME II Problem 5

Below is the professionally curated solution for Problem 5 of the 2010 AIME II, from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 2010 AIME II solutions, or check the answer key.

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Concepts:logarithmalgebraic manipulation

Difficulty rating: 2170

5.

Positive numbers x,x, y,y, and zz satisfy xyz=1081xyz = 10^{81} and (log10x)(log10yz)+(log10y)(log10z)=468.(\log_{10} x)(\log_{10} yz) + (\log_{10} y)(\log_{10} z) = 468. Find (log10x)2+(log10y)2+(log10z)2.\sqrt{(\log_{10} x)^2 + (\log_{10} y)^2 + (\log_{10} z)^2}.

Solution:

Let a=log10x,a = \log_{10} x, b=log10y,b = \log_{10} y, and c=log10z.c = \log_{10} z. Taking logs of xyz=1081xyz = 10^{81} gives a+b+c=81.a + b + c = 81. Since log10yz=b+c,\log_{10} yz = b + c, the second condition is a(b+c)+bc=ab+ac+bc=468.a(b + c) + bc = ab + ac + bc = 468.

Squaring the sum, a2+b2+c2=(a+b+c)22(ab+ac+bc)=8122468=6561936=5625,a^2 + b^2 + c^2 = (a + b + c)^2 - 2(ab + ac + bc) = 81^2 - 2 \cdot 468 = 6561 - 936 = 5625, so the requested value is 5625=75.\sqrt{5625} = 75.

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