2005 AIME I Problem 5
Below is the professionally curated solution for Problem 5 of the 2005 AIME I, from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 2005 AIME I solutions, or check the answer key.
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Difficulty rating: 2300
5.
Robert has indistinguishable gold coins and indistinguishable silver coins. Each coin has an engraving of a face on one side, but not on the other. He wants to stack the eight coins on a table into a single stack so that no two adjacent coins are face to face. Find the number of possible distinguishable arrangements of the coins.
Solution:
Choose the coin orientations and the gold/silver positions independently. Record the orientations from bottom to top as a string of U (engraved face up) and D (engraved face down). Two adjacent coins are face to face exactly when the lower coin's engraved side faces up and the upper coin's engraved side faces down — that is, exactly when a U is immediately followed by a D.
A string of U's and D's avoids the pattern UD exactly when every D precedes every U, so the string is for some there are allowable orientation strings. Independently, the gold coins occupy of the positions in ways.
The total is
Problem 5 in Other Years
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