1988 AMC 8 真题

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1.

图中显示了一个测量装置刻度的一部分。箭头所指的大约读数是

The diagram shows part of a scale of a measuring device. The arrow indicates an approximate reading of

10.0510.05

10.1510.15

10.2510.25

10.310.3

10.610.6

答案:D
知识点:估算
难度评级:370
小提示:

10101111 之间的刻度把这一单位分成四等份,所以每小格是 0.250.25

The marks between 1010 and 1111 divide that unit into four equal parts, so each small division is 0.250.25

大提示:

箭头刚过 1010 后的第一个刻度,所以读数比 10.2510.25 略大

The arrow sits just past the first mark after 10,10, so the reading is a little more than 10.2510.25

解答:

刻度在 10101111 之间分成四等份,所以中间刻度分别是 10.2510.2510.510.510.7510.75

箭头指向刚超过 10.2510.25 的位置,所以读数在 10.2510.2510.510.5 之间。选项中只有 10.310.3 在这个范围内。

所以正确答案是 D

The scale is divided into fourths between 1010 and 11,11, so the interior tick marks fall at 10.25,10.25, 10.5,10.5, and 10.75.10.75.

The arrow points just past the 10.2510.25 mark, so the reading is between 10.2510.25 and 10.5.10.5. Of the choices, only 10.310.3 lies in that range.

Thus, the correct answer is D .

2.

乘积 8×0.25×2×0.1258 \times 0.25 \times 2 \times 0.125 是多少?

What is the product 8×0.25×2×0.125?8 \times 0.25 \times 2 \times 0.125?

18\dfrac{1}{8}

14\dfrac{1}{4}

12\dfrac{1}{2}

11

22

答案:C
知识点:分数小数
难度评级:450
小提示:

把小数改写成分数:0.25=140.25 = \dfrac140.125=180.125 = \dfrac18

Rewrite the decimals as fractions: 0.25=140.25 = \dfrac14 and 0.125=180.125 = \dfrac18

大提示:

配对 8×188 \times \dfrac1814×2\dfrac14 \times 2 来化简

Pair 8×188 \times \dfrac18 and 14×2\dfrac14 \times 2 to simplify

解答:

把小数写成分数,原式变为 8×14×2×188 \times \dfrac14 \times 2 \times \dfrac18

分组得 (8×18)(14×2)\left(8 \times \dfrac18\right)\left(\dfrac14 \times 2\right) =1×12= 1 \times \dfrac12 =12= \dfrac12

所以正确答案是 C

Write the decimals as fractions: 8×14×2×18.8 \times \dfrac14 \times 2 \times \dfrac18.

Grouping, (8×18)(14×2)\left(8 \times \dfrac18\right)\left(\dfrac14 \times 2\right) =1×12= 1 \times \dfrac12 =12.= \dfrac12.

Thus, the correct answer is C .

3.

下列表达式

110+220+330\dfrac{1}{10} + \dfrac{2}{20} + \dfrac{3}{30}

的值是

The value of

110+220+330\dfrac{1}{10} + \dfrac{2}{20} + \dfrac{3}{30}

is

0.10.1

0.1230.123

0.20.2

0.30.3

0.60.6

答案:D
知识点:分数
难度评级:450
小提示:

每个分数都能约分成同一个值

Each fraction reduces to the same value

大提示:

220=110\dfrac{2}{20} = \dfrac{1}{10},且 330=110\dfrac{3}{30} = \dfrac{1}{10}

220=110\dfrac{2}{20} = \dfrac{1}{10} and 330=110\dfrac{3}{30} = \dfrac{1}{10}

解答:

每个分数都等于 110=0.1\dfrac{1}{10} = 0.1,因为 220=330=110\dfrac{2}{20} = \dfrac{3}{30} = \dfrac{1}{10}

所以和是 0.1+0.1+0.1=0.30.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 = 0.3

所以正确答案是 D

Each fraction equals 110=0.1,\dfrac{1}{10} = 0.1, since 220=330=110.\dfrac{2}{20} = \dfrac{3}{30} = \dfrac{1}{10}.

So the sum is 0.1+0.1+0.1=0.3.0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 = 0.3.

Thus, the correct answer is D .

4.

这个图形由明暗交替的正方形组成。深色正方形的个数比浅色正方形多

The figure consists of alternating light and dark squares. The number of dark squares exceeds the number of light squares by

77

88

99

1010

1111

答案:B
难度评级:560
小提示:

逐行观察图形

Look at the figure one horizontal row at a time

大提示:

每一行正方形交替排列,但两端都是深色,所以每行深色正方形恰好多一个。数一数图形共有多少行

In each row the squares alternate but both ends are dark, so every row has exactly one more dark square than light square. Count how many rows there are.

解答:

每一水平行都是深色、浅色、深色这样交替排列,并且以深色开始、以深色结束。所以每一行深色正方形都恰好比浅色正方形多一个。

图形有 88 行,所以深色正方形比浅色正方形多 88 个。

所以正确答案是 B

In each horizontal row the squares alternate dark, light, dark, and so on, beginning and ending with a dark square. So every row has exactly one more dark square than light square.

The figure has 88 rows, so the dark squares exceed the light squares by 8.8.

Thus, the correct answer is B .

5.

如果 CBD\angle CBD 是直角,那么这个量角器显示 ABC\angle ABC 的度数大约是

If CBD\angle CBD is a right angle, then this protractor indicates that the measure of ABC\angle ABC is approximately

2020^\circ

4040^\circ

5050^\circ

7070^\circ

120120^\circ

答案:C
知识点:导角
难度评级:800
小提示:

在量角器上,射线 BABA 的读数约为 2020^\circ,射线 BDBD 的读数约为 160160^\circ

On the protractor, ray BABA reads about 2020^\circ and ray BDBD reads about 160160^\circ

大提示:

因为 CBD=90\angle CBD = 90^\circ,且 BDBD 读数为 160160^\circ,所以 BCBC 读数为 16090160^\circ - 90^\circ。然后求 ABC\angle ABC,也就是 BCBCBABA 的读数之差

Since CBD=90\angle CBD = 90^\circ and BDBD reads 160,160^\circ, ray BCBC reads 16090.160^\circ - 90^\circ. Then ABC\angle ABC is the difference between the readings of BCBC and BA.BA.

解答:

从量角器读数可见,射线 BABA 约在 2020^\circ,射线 BDBD 约在 160160^\circ

因为 CBD\angle CBD 是直角,所以射线 BCBC16090=70160^\circ - 90^\circ = 70^\circ

因此 ABC=7020=50\angle ABC = 70^\circ - 20^\circ = 50^\circ

所以正确答案是 C

Reading the protractor, ray BABA is at about 2020^\circ and ray BDBD is at about 160.160^\circ.

Because CBD\angle CBD is a right angle, ray BCBC is at 16090=70.160^\circ - 90^\circ = 70^\circ.

Therefore ABC=7020=50.\angle ABC = 70^\circ - 20^\circ = 50^\circ.

Thus, the correct answer is C .

6.

下列表达式

(0.2)3(0.02)2\dfrac{(0.2)^3}{(0.02)^2}

的值是

The value of

(0.2)3(0.02)2\dfrac{(0.2)^3}{(0.02)^2}

is

0.20.2

22

1010

1515

2020

答案:E
知识点:小数指数
难度评级:730
小提示:

分别计算分子和分母:(0.2)3=0.008(0.2)^3 = 0.008

Compute the numerator and denominator separately: (0.2)3=0.008(0.2)^3 = 0.008

大提示:

(0.02)2=0.0004(0.02)^2 = 0.0004,然后相除

(0.02)2=0.0004,(0.02)^2 = 0.0004, then divide

解答:

分子是 (0.2)3=0.008(0.2)^3 = 0.008,分母是 (0.02)2=0.0004(0.02)^2 = 0.0004

所以值为 0.0080.0004=804=20\dfrac{0.008}{0.0004} = \dfrac{80}{4} = 20

所以正确答案是 E

The numerator is (0.2)3=0.008(0.2)^3 = 0.008 and the denominator is (0.02)2=0.0004.(0.02)^2 = 0.0004.

So the value is 0.0080.0004=804=20.\dfrac{0.008}{0.0004} = \dfrac{80}{4} = 20.

Thus, the correct answer is E .

7.

表达式 2.46×8.163×(5.17+4.829)2.46 \times 8.163 \times (5.17 + 4.829) 最接近

The expression 2.46×8.163×(5.17+4.829)2.46 \times 8.163 \times (5.17 + 4.829) is closest to

100100

200200

300300

400400

500500

答案:B
知识点:估算
难度评级:730
小提示:

把每个因数取成方便的近似数:2.462.52.46 \approx 2.58.16388.163 \approx 8

Round each factor to a convenient number: 2.462.5,2.46 \approx 2.5, 8.16388.163 \approx 8

大提示:

5.17+4.829105.17 + 4.829 \approx 10,所以乘积约为 2.5×8×102.5 \times 8 \times 10

The sum 5.17+4.82910,5.17 + 4.829 \approx 10, so the product is about 2.5×8×102.5 \times 8 \times 10

解答:

近似每个因数:2.462.52.46 \approx 2.58.16388.163 \approx 8,且 5.17+4.829105.17 + 4.829 \approx 10

乘积约为 2.5×8×10=2002.5 \times 8 \times 10 = 200

所以正确答案是 B

Round each factor: 2.462.5,2.46 \approx 2.5, 8.1638,8.163 \approx 8, and 5.17+4.82910.5.17 + 4.829 \approx 10.

The product is about 2.5×8×10=200.2.5 \times 8 \times 10 = 200.

Thus, the correct answer is B .

8.

贝蒂用计算器计算乘积 0.075×2.560.075 \times 2.56。她忘了输入小数点,计算器显示 1920019200。如果贝蒂正确输入小数点,答案应为

Betty used a calculator to find the product 0.075×2.56.0.075 \times 2.56. She forgot to enter the decimal points. The calculator showed 19200.19200. If Betty had entered the decimal points correctly, the answer would have been

0.01920.0192

0.1920.192

1.921.92

19.219.2

192192

答案:B
知识点:小数位值
难度评级:800
小提示:

数一数 0.0750.0752.562.56 共有多少位小数

Count the total number of decimal places in 0.0750.075 and 2.562.56

大提示:

共有 3+2=53 + 2 = 5 位小数,所以从 1920019200 右边数五位放小数点

There are 3+2=53 + 2 = 5 decimal places, so place the decimal point that many digits from the right of 1920019200

解答:

因数 0.0750.0752.562.56 分别有 33 位和 22 位小数,共 55 位。

1920019200 右边数 55 位放小数点,得到 0.19200=0.1920.19200 = 0.192

所以正确答案是 B

The factors 0.0750.075 and 2.562.56 have 33 and 22 decimal places, for a total of 5.5.

Placing the decimal point 55 digits from the right of 1920019200 gives 0.19200=0.192.0.19200 = 0.192.

Thus, the correct answer is B .

9.

等腰三角形是有两条边长度相等的三角形。下面方格图中的五个三角形中,有多少个是等腰三角形?

An isosceles triangle is a triangle with two sides of equal length. How many of the five triangles on the square grid below are isosceles?

11

22

33

44

55

答案:D
难度评级:960
小提示:

从方格中找每个三角形的边长:一条斜边横跨 aa 格、竖跨 bb 格,则长度为 a2+b2\sqrt{a^2 + b^2}。有两边相等时就是等腰三角形。

Find each triangle’s side lengths from the grid: a slanted side spanning aa across and bb up has length a2+b2.\sqrt{a^2 + b^2}. A triangle is isosceles when two of its sides are equal.

大提示:

算出五个三角形各自的三条边长,寻找相等的一对;只有一个三角形三边都不同。

Work out all three side lengths for each of the five triangles and look for a matching pair; only one triangle ends up with three different side lengths.

解答:

从方格中读出每个三角形的边长。水平或竖直边可直接数格子;一条斜边横跨 aa 个单位、竖跨 bb 个单位,长度为 a2+b2\sqrt{a^2 + b^2}

左上三角形:两条斜边都横跨 11、竖跨 22,所以长度都为 5\sqrt{5},底边长 22。有两边相等,所以是等腰三角形。

上方中间三角形:它有一条长 22 的竖边和一条长 22 的横边(第三边是斜边 222\sqrt{2})。有两边相等,所以是等腰三角形。

右上三角形:边长是 225\sqrt{5}13\sqrt{13},三者都不同,所以不是等腰三角形。

左下(宽而扁的)三角形:两条斜边都横跨 33、竖跨 11,所以长度都为 10\sqrt{10}。有两边相等,所以是等腰三角形。

右下三角形:其中两条边都横跨 2211(长度为 5\sqrt{5}),第三边为 10\sqrt{10}。有两边相等,所以是等腰三角形。

五个三角形中有四个是等腰三角形。

所以正确答案是 D

Read each triangle’s side lengths from the grid. A horizontal or vertical side is counted directly, and a slanted side spanning aa units across and bb units up has length a2+b2.\sqrt{a^2 + b^2}.

Top-left triangle: its two slanted sides each span 11 across and 22 up, so each has length 5,\sqrt{5}, with a base of length 2.2. Two equal sides, so it is isosceles.

Top-middle triangle: it has a vertical side of length 22 and a horizontal side of length 22 (its third side is the slant 222\sqrt{2}). Two equal sides, so it is isosceles.

Top-right triangle: its sides are 2,2, 5,\sqrt{5}, and 13,\sqrt{13}, which are all different, so it is not isosceles.

Bottom-left (wide, flat) triangle: its two slanted sides each span 33 across and 11 up, so each has length 10.\sqrt{10}. Two equal sides, so it is isosceles.

Bottom-right triangle: two of its sides each span 22 and 11 (giving length 5\sqrt{5}), while the third is 10.\sqrt{10}. Two equal sides, so it is isosceles.

Four of the five triangles are isosceles.

Thus, the correct answer is D .

10.

克里斯今年的生日在星期四。她生日后 6060 天是星期几?

Chris’ birthday is on a Thursday this year. What day of the week will it be 6060 days after her birthday?

星期一

Monday

星期三

Wednesday

星期四

Thursday

星期五

Friday

星期六

Saturday

答案:A
难度评级:820
小提示:

星期每 77 天重复一次,所以只需要看 6060 除以 77 的余数

The day of the week repeats every 77 days, so only the remainder of 6060 upon division by 77 matters

大提示:

60=8×7+460 = 8 \times 7 + 4,所以那一天是星期四后的第 44

60=8×7+4,60 = 8 \times 7 + 4, so the day is 44 days after Thursday

解答:

星期每 77 天重复。因为 60=8×7+460 = 8 \times 7 + 4,所以 6060 天后是星期四后的第 44 天。

从星期四往后数:星期五、星期六、星期日、星期一。所以是星期一。

所以正确答案是 A

Days of the week repeat every 77 days. Since 60=8×7+4,60 = 8 \times 7 + 4, the day 6060 days later is 44 days after Thursday.

Counting forward from Thursday: Friday, Saturday, Sunday, Monday. So it is a Monday.

Thus, the correct answer is A .

11.

164\sqrt{164} 的值

The value of 164\sqrt{164} is

4242

小于 1010

less than 1010

10101111 之间

between 1010 and 1111

11111212 之间

between 1111 and 1212

12121313 之间

between 1212 and 1313

答案:E
难度评级:660
小提示:

找出刚小于和刚大于 164164 的完全平方数

Find perfect squares just below and just above 164164

大提示:

122=14412^2 = 144,且 132=16913^2 = 169

122=14412^2 = 144 and 132=16913^2 = 169

解答:

因为 122=14412^2 = 144132=16913^2 = 169,且 144<164<169144 \lt 164 \lt 169,所以 164\sqrt{164} 位于 12121313 之间。

所以正确答案是 E

Since 122=14412^2 = 144 and 132=169,13^2 = 169, and 144<164<169,144 \lt 164 \lt 169, the value 164\sqrt{164} lies between 1212 and 13.13.

Thus, the correct answer is E .

12.

假设把送一个人去火星的估计费用 2020 十亿美元,平均分摊给美国 250250 百万人。那么每个人应分摊

Suppose the estimated 2020 billion dollar cost to send a person to the planet Mars is shared equally by the 250250 million people in the U.S. Then each person’s share is

$40\$40

$50\$50

$80\$80

$100\$100

$125\$125

答案:C
知识点:位值
难度评级:730
小提示:

用十的幂写数:2020 十亿美元 =2×1010= 2 \times 10^{10}250250 百万人 =2.5×108= 2.5 \times 10^{8}

Write the numbers with powers of ten: 2020 billion =2×1010= 2 \times 10^{10} and 250250 million =2.5×108= 2.5 \times 10^{8}

大提示:

用总费用除以人数

Divide the total cost by the number of people

解答:

每个人分摊的费用是 20×109250×106=2×10102.5×108\dfrac{20 \times 10^9}{250 \times 10^6} = \dfrac{2 \times 10^{10}}{2.5 \times 10^{8}}\text{。}

这等于 0.8×102=800.8 \times 10^{2} = 80

所以正确答案是 C

Each person’s share is 20×109250×106=2×10102.5×108. \dfrac{20 \times 10^9}{250 \times 10^6} = \dfrac{2 \times 10^{10}}{2.5 \times 10^{8}}.

This equals 0.8×102=80.0.8 \times 10^{2} = 80.

Thus, the correct answer is C .

13.

如果玫瑰丛之间大约相隔 11 英尺,那么要围住一个半径为 1212 英尺的圆形露台,大约需要多少丛玫瑰?

If rose bushes are spaced about 11 foot apart, approximately how many bushes are needed to surround a circular patio whose radius is 1212 feet?

1212

3838

4848

7575

450450

答案:D
知识点:圆周长估算
难度评级:860
小提示:

玫瑰丛沿边缘摆放,所以求周长 2πr2\pi r

The bushes go around the edge, so find the circumference 2πr2\pi r

大提示:

π3.14\pi \approx 3.14,计算 2×3.14×122 \times 3.14 \times 12

With π3.14,\pi \approx 3.14, compute 2×3.14×122 \times 3.14 \times 12

解答:

玫瑰丛围绕圆形边缘,所以数量约等于周长 2πr=2π(12)2\pi r = 2\pi(12)

π3.14\pi \approx 3.14,约为 2×3.14×12752 \times 3.14 \times 12 \approx 75 英尺,所以大约需要 7575 丛。

所以正确答案是 D

The bushes surround the circular edge, so their number is about the circumference 2πr=2π(12).2\pi r = 2\pi(12).

Using π3.14,\pi \approx 3.14, this is about 2×3.14×12752 \times 3.14 \times 12 \approx 75 feet, so roughly 7575 bushes are needed.

Thus, the correct answer is D .

14.

如果 \diamond\triangle 是非负整数,且 ×=36\diamond \times \triangle = 36,那么 +\diamond + \triangle 的最大可能值是

If \diamond and \triangle are whole numbers and ×=36,\diamond \times \triangle = 36, the largest possible value of +\diamond + \triangle is

1212

1313

1515

2020

3737

答案:E
知识点:因数最优化
难度评级:730
小提示:

列出 3636 的因数对

List the factor pairs of 3636

大提示:

当两个因数相差最远时,它们的和最大

The sum is largest when the two factors are as far apart as possible

解答:

3636 的因数对是 1×361 \times 362×182 \times 183×123 \times 124×94 \times 96×66 \times 6

最分散的一对给出最大和,1+36=371 + 36 = 37

所以正确答案是 E

The factor pairs of 3636 are 1×36,1 \times 36, 2×18,2 \times 18, 3×12,3 \times 12, 4×9,4 \times 9, and 6×6.6 \times 6.

The sum is largest for the most spread-out pair, 1+36=37.1 + 36 = 37.

Thus, the correct answer is E .

15.

(12+13)\left(\dfrac{1}{2} + \dfrac{1}{3}\right) 的倒数是多少?

What is the reciprocal of (12+13)?\left(\dfrac{1}{2} + \dfrac{1}{3}\right)?

16\dfrac{1}{6}

25\dfrac{2}{5}

65\dfrac{6}{5}

52\dfrac{5}{2}

55

答案:C
知识点:分数
难度评级:660
小提示:

先用公分母 66 相加

First add the fractions using a common denominator of 66

大提示:

倒数会把分子和分母交换

The reciprocal flips the numerator and denominator

解答:

相加得 12+13=36+26=56\dfrac{1}{2} + \dfrac{1}{3} = \dfrac{3}{6} + \dfrac{2}{6} = \dfrac{5}{6}

56\dfrac{5}{6} 的倒数是 65\dfrac{6}{5}

所以正确答案是 C

Adding, 12+13=36+26=56.\dfrac{1}{2} + \dfrac{1}{3} = \dfrac{3}{6} + \dfrac{2}{6} = \dfrac{5}{6}.

The reciprocal of 56\dfrac{5}{6} is 65.\dfrac{6}{5}.

Thus, the correct answer is C .

16.

在一个 3×33 \times 3 方格中,每个小方格最多放一个 X。若要求竖直、水平或对角线上都不能出现三个 X 连成一排,最多可以放多少个 X?

Placing no more than one X in each small square, what is the greatest number of X’s that can be put on a 3×33 \times 3 grid without getting three X’s in a row vertically, horizontally, or diagonally?

22

33

44

55

66

答案:E
难度评级:1120
小提示:

试着让每一行和每一列都留下一个空格,这样没有一整条线被填满

Try to leave one square empty in each row and column so no line gets filled

大提示:

如果有 77 个 X,就只有两个空格;两个空格不可能打断全部三行,所以某一行会被填满

With 77 X’s only two squares are empty, but two empty squares cannot break all three rows, so some row would be full

解答:

66 个 X 是可以做到的:把一条主对角线上的三个格子留空,填满其余六格。这样每一行和每一列都少一个格子,使用到的那条对角线有空格,另一条对角线经过空的中心,所以没有任何一条线上出现三个连成一排的 X。

七个 X 不可能:那时只有两个空格,而两个空格最多只能落在三行中的两行,迫使剩下的一行被三个 X 完全填满。

所以最大数是 66

所以正确答案是 E

A placement of 66 X’s works: leave the three squares along one main diagonal empty and fill the other six. Then each row and each column is missing one square, the used diagonal has an empty square, and the other diagonal passes through the empty center, so no line of three is complete.

Seven X’s is impossible: only two squares would be empty, and two empty squares can lie in at most two of the three rows, forcing the remaining row to be completely filled with three X’s.

So the greatest number is 6.6.

Thus, the correct answer is E .

17.

阴影区域由两个互相垂直相交的矩形组成,尺寸如图所示。它的面积是多少平方单位?

The shaded area is formed by two intersecting perpendicular rectangles, with dimensions as shown. Its area, in square units, is

2323

3838

4444

4646

无法由给定信息确定

unable to be determined from the information given

答案:B
知识点:面积容斥原理
难度评级:960
小提示:

把两个矩形面积相加,但重叠部分会被计算两次

Add the areas of the two rectangles, but the overlapping region gets counted twice

大提示:

水平矩形是 10×210 \times 2,竖直矩形是 3×83 \times 8,重叠部分是 3×23 \times 2

The horizontal rectangle is 10×2,10 \times 2, the vertical one is 3×8,3 \times 8, and the overlap is 3×23 \times 2

解答:

水平矩形面积为 10×2=2010 \times 2 = 20,竖直矩形面积为 3×8=243 \times 8 = 24。它们的重叠部分是一个 3×23 \times 2 矩形,面积为 66

直接相加两个矩形会把重叠部分算两次,所以阴影面积是 20+246=3820 + 24 - 6 = 38

所以正确答案是 B

The horizontal rectangle has area 10×2=20,10 \times 2 = 20, and the vertical rectangle has area 3×8=24.3 \times 8 = 24. Their overlap, a 3×23 \times 2 rectangle, has area 6.6.

Adding the two rectangles counts the overlap twice, so the shaded area is 20+246=38.20 + 24 - 6 = 38.

Thus, the correct answer is B .

18.

66 个男孩的平均体重是 150150 磅,44 个女孩的平均体重是 120120 磅。这 1010 个孩子的平均体重是

The average weight of 66 boys is 150150 pounds and the average weight of 44 girls is 120120 pounds. The average weight of the 1010 children is

135135

135135 pounds

137137

137137 pounds

138138

138138 pounds

140140

140140 pounds

141141

141141 pounds

答案:C
知识点:平均数
难度评级:860
小提示:

分别求男孩总重量和女孩总重量

Find the total weight of the boys and the total weight of the girls separately

大提示:

用合计总重量除以 1010

Divide the combined total weight by 1010

解答:

总重量是 6×1506 \times 150 +4×120+ 4 \times 120 =900+480= 900 + 480 =1380= 1380 磅。

1010 个孩子的平均体重是 138010=138\dfrac{1380}{10} = 138 磅。

所以正确答案是 C

The total weight is 6×1506 \times 150 +4×120+ 4 \times 120 =900+480= 900 + 480 =1380= 1380 pounds.

The average of the 1010 children is 138010=138\dfrac{1380}{10} = 138 pounds.

Thus, the correct answer is C .

19.

等差数列 1155991313171721212525\ldots 的第 100100 项是多少?

What is the 100100th number in the arithmetic sequence 1,1, 5,5, 9,9, 13,13, 17,17, 21,21, 25,25, ?\ldots?

397397

399399

401401

403403

405405

答案:A
知识点:等差数列
难度评级:820
小提示:

公差是 44,所以每一项比前一项多 44

The common difference is 4,4, so each term adds 44 to the previous one

大提示:

11 到第 100100 项,需要加 449999

Starting from 1,1, reaching the 100100th term means adding 44 a total of 9999 times

解答:

这个数列从 11 开始,公差为 44。第 100100 项是在第一项基础上加 449999 次得到的。

所以第 100100 项是 1+99×4=1+396=3971 + 99 \times 4 = 1 + 396 = 397

所以正确答案是 A

The sequence starts at 11 with common difference 4.4. The 100100th term is reached by adding 44 to the first term 9999 times.

So the 100100th term is 1+99×4=1+396=397.1 + 99 \times 4 = 1 + 396 = 397.

Thus, the correct answer is A .

20.

一个圆柱形咖啡机上的玻璃刻度显示,当咖啡达到满容量的 36%36\% 时还剩 4545 杯。咖啡机装满时可以容纳多少杯咖啡?

The glass gauge on a cylindrical coffee maker shows there are 4545 cups left when the coffee maker is 36%36\% full. How many cups of coffee does it hold when it is full?

8080

100100

125125

130130

262262

答案:C
难度评级:930
小提示:

建立比例:4545 杯对应总量,就像 3636 对应 100100

Set up a proportion: 4545 cups is to the full amount as 3636 is to 100100

大提示:

如果 36%36\%4545 杯,先求 4%4\% 是多少杯

If 36%36\% is 4545 cups, first find how many cups 4%4\% is

解答:

设满容量为 nn。则 45n=36100\dfrac{45}{n} = \dfrac{36}{100}

解得 n=45×10036=125n = \dfrac{45 \times 100}{36} = 125 杯。

所以正确答案是 C

Let nn be the full capacity. Then 45n=36100.\dfrac{45}{n} = \dfrac{36}{100}.

Solving, n=45×10036=125n = \dfrac{45 \times 100}{36} = 125 cups.

Thus, the correct answer is C .

21.

在数集 {3,6,9,10}\{3, 6, 9, 10\} 中加入第五个数 nn,使这五个数的平均数等于它们的中位数。nn 的可能取值个数是

A fifth number, n,n, is added to the set of numbers {3,6,9,10}\{3, 6, 9, 10\} to make the mean of the set of five numbers equal to its median. The number of possible values for nn is

11

22

33

44

多于 44

more than 44

答案:C
难度评级:1260
小提示:

五个数的平均数是 28+n5\dfrac{28 + n}{5};中位数取决于 nn 在排序后的位置

The mean of the five numbers is 28+n5;\dfrac{28 + n}{5}; the median depends on where nn lands in the sorted order

大提示:

分情况讨论:中位数是 66nn 本身或 99,并在每种情况下利用方程“平均数 == 中位数”求解

Split into cases: the median is 6,6, is nn itself, or is 9,9, and solve the equation mean == median in each

解答:

五个数的和是 28+n28 + n,平均数是 28+n5\dfrac{28 + n}{5}。中位数是排序后的中间值,依 nn 的大小可能是 66nn99

如果中位数是 6628+n5=6\dfrac{28 + n}{5} = 6,得 n=2n = 2,确实小于 66。如果中位数是 nn28+n5=n\dfrac{28 + n}{5} = n,得 n=7n = 7,确实在 6699 之间。如果中位数是 9928+n5=9\dfrac{28 + n}{5} = 9,得 n=17n = 17,确实大于 99

每种情况都给出一个有效值,所以 nn 可以是 22771717,共有三个可能值。

所以正确答案是 C

The five numbers have sum 28+n28 + n and mean 28+n5.\dfrac{28 + n}{5}. The median is the middle value when sorted, which is 6,6, n,n, or 99 depending on the size of n.n.

If the median is 66: 28+n5=6\dfrac{28 + n}{5} = 6 gives n=2,n = 2, which is indeed less than 6.6. If the median is nn: 28+n5=n\dfrac{28 + n}{5} = n gives n=7,n = 7, which is between 66 and 9.9. If the median is 99: 28+n5=9\dfrac{28 + n}{5} = 9 gives n=17,n = 17, which is indeed greater than 9.9.

Each case yields a valid value, so nn can be 2,2, 7,7, or 1717 — three possible values.

Thus, the correct answer is C .

22.

汤姆的帽子店把所有原价都提高了 25%25\%。现在商店促销,所有商品在提高后的价格基础上再降低 20%20\%。下面哪句话最能描述一件商品的促销价?

Tom’s Hat Shoppe increased all original prices by 25%.25\%. Now the shoppe is having a sale where all prices are 20%20\% off these increased prices. Which statement best describes the sale price of an item?

促销价比原价高 5%5\%

The sale price is 5%5\% higher than the original price.

促销价高于原价,但高出不到 5%5\%

The sale price is higher than the original price, but by less than 5%.5\%.

促销价高于原价,但高出超过 5%5\%

The sale price is higher than the original price, but by more than 5%.5\%.

促销价低于原价。

The sale price is lower than the original price.

促销价与原价相同。

The sale price is the same as the original price.

答案:E
知识点:百分数
难度评级:1060
小提示:

提价 25%25\% 会把价格乘以 1.251.25;再打 20%20\% 折扣会乘以 0.800.80

Increasing by 25%25\% multiplies the price by 1.25;1.25; taking 20%20\% off multiplies by 0.800.80

大提示:

把这两个因数相乘,并与 11 比较

Multiply the two factors together and compare the result to 11

解答:

提价 25%25\% 会把价格乘以 1.251.25,然后打 20%20\% 折扣会乘以 0.800.80

总体因数是 1.25×0.80=1.001.25 \times 0.80 = 1.00,所以促销价等于原价。

所以正确答案是 E

Increasing by 25%25\% multiplies the price by 1.25,1.25, and then taking 20%20\% off multiplies by 0.80.0.80.

The overall factor is 1.25×0.80=1.00,1.25 \times 0.80 = 1.00, so the sale price equals the original price.

Thus, the correct answer is E .

23.

玛丽亚以每 44$5\$5 的价格买入电脑磁盘,并以每 33$5\$5 的价格卖出。她必须卖出多少张电脑磁盘,才能获利 $100\$100

Maria buys computer disks at a price of 44 for $5\$5 and sells them at a price of 33 for $5.\$5. How many computer disks must she sell in order to make a profit of $100?\$100?

100100

120120

200200

240240

12001200

答案:D
知识点:比与比例
难度评级:1110
小提示:

1212 张作为方便的一组,因为 1212 同时是 4433 的倍数

Work with a convenient batch of 1212 disks, since 1212 is a multiple of both 44 and 33

大提示:

一打磁盘进价 $15\$15,售价 $20\$20,每打利润 $5\$5

A dozen disks costs $15\$15 and sells for $20,\$20, a profit of $5\$5 per dozen

解答:

按打计算磁盘,因为 1212 同时是 4433 的倍数。一打磁盘买入需 3×$5=$153 \times \$5 = \$15,卖出可得 4×$5=$204 \times \$5 = \$20,每打利润为 $5\$5

要获利 $100\$100,她需要 1005=20\dfrac{100}{5} = 20 打,也就是 20×12=24020 \times 12 = 240 张磁盘。

所以正确答案是 D

Consider disks in dozens, since 1212 is a multiple of both 44 and 3.3. A dozen disks costs 3×$5=$153 \times \$5 = \$15 to buy and sells for 4×$5=$20,4 \times \$5 = \$20, for a profit of $5\$5 per dozen.

To make $100\$100 profit she needs 1005=20\dfrac{100}{5} = 20 dozen, which is 20×12=24020 \times 12 = 240 disks.

Thus, the correct answer is D .

24.

第一幅图中的正方形绕固定的正六边形顺时针“滚动”,直到到达底部。在图 44 中,实心三角形会处在哪个位置?

The square in the first diagram “rolls” clockwise around the fixed regular hexagon until it reaches the bottom. In which position will the solid triangle be in diagram 4?4?

答案:A
知识点:变换正多边形
难度评级:1510
小提示:

正方形每沿六边形的一条边滚动一次,都会绕共同顶点顺时针转 150150^\circ

Each time the square rolls over one edge of the hexagon it pivots about a shared corner and turns 150150^\circ clockwise

大提示:

从顶边到底边需要滚动 33 次,总共转 3×150=4503 \times 150^\circ = 450^\circ,也就是转一整圈后再顺时针多转四分之一圈

Going from the top edge to the bottom edge is 33 rolls, a total of 3×150=450,3 \times 150^\circ = 450^\circ, which is one full turn plus an extra quarter turn clockwise

解答:

正方形每滚过六边形的一条边,就顺时针转 150150^\circ。(在旋转顶点处,正方形转过 360360^\circ 减去自身 9090^\circ 的角,再减去六边形 120120^\circ 的内角,剩下 150150^\circ。)

从六边形顶部到底部需要滚动 33 次,总转角为 3×150=4503 \times 150^\circ = 450^\circ。这是一整圈(360360^\circ)再加顺时针 9090^\circ

三角形开始时指向正上方,所以额外顺时针转四分之一圈后,它指向右方。

所以正确答案是 A

Each roll of the square over one edge of the hexagon turns it 150150^\circ clockwise. (At the pivot corner the square turns through 360360^\circ minus the square’s own 9090^\circ corner minus the hexagon’s 120120^\circ interior angle, which leaves 150.150^\circ.)

From the top of the hexagon to the bottom is 33 rolls, for a total of 3×150=450.3 \times 150^\circ = 450^\circ. That is one complete revolution (360360^\circ) plus an extra 9090^\circ clockwise.

The triangle starts pointing straight up, so after the extra quarter turn clockwise it points to the right.

Thus, the correct answer is A .

25.

回文数是正着读和倒着读相同的整数。如果忽略冒号,电子表上显示的某些时间也是回文,例如 1:011{:}014:444{:}4412:2112{:}21。在一个 1212 小时周期内,会出现多少个回文时刻?

A palindrome is a whole number that reads the same forwards as backwards. If one neglects the colon, certain times displayed on a digital watch are palindromes. Three examples are 1:01,1{:}01, 4:44,4{:}44, and 12:21.12{:}21. How many times during a 1212-hour period will be palindromes?

5757

6060

6363

9090

9393

答案:A
难度评级:1380
小提示:

分成一位数小时(1199)和两位数小时(101011111212),因为位数不同

Split into single-digit hours (11 through 99) and two-digit hours (10,10, 11,11, 1212), since the number of digits differs

大提示:

对一位数小时 hh,时间 h ⁣: ⁣m1m2h\!:\!m_1 m_2 是回文当且仅当 m2=hm_2 = h,而 m1m_1 可取 0055

For a single-digit hour h,h, the time h ⁣: ⁣m1m2h\!:\!m_1 m_2 is a palindrome when m2=h,m_2 = h, leaving m1m_1 free among 00 through 55

解答:

对一位数小时 hh(从 1199),显示 h ⁣: ⁣m1m2h\!:\!m_1 m_2 倒读相同时需要 m2=hm_2 = h。十位分钟 m1m_1 可以是 001122334455,所以每小时有 66 个回文时间,共 9×6=549 \times 6 = 54 个。

对两位数小时 101011111212,显示 h1h2 ⁣: ⁣m1m2h_1 h_2\!:\!m_1 m_2 是回文当且仅当 m1=h2m_1 = h_2m2=h1m_2 = h_1,正好得到 10:0110{:}0111:1111{:}1112:2112{:}21,每个小时一个,共再加 33 个。

总数是 54+3=5754 + 3 = 57

所以正确答案是 A

For a single-digit hour hh (from 11 to 99), the display h ⁣: ⁣m1m2h\!:\!m_1 m_2 reads the same backwards when m2=h.m_2 = h. The tens digit m1m_1 can be 0,0, 1,1, 2,2, 3,3, 4,4, or 5,5, giving 66 palindromes per hour, so 9×6=54.9 \times 6 = 54.

For the two-digit hours 10,10, 11,11, 12,12, the display h1h2 ⁣: ⁣m1m2h_1 h_2\!:\!m_1 m_2 is a palindrome when m1=h2m_1 = h_2 and m2=h1,m_2 = h_1, giving exactly 10:01,10{:}01, 11:11,11{:}11, and 12:2112{:}21 — one each, for 33 more.

The total is 54+3=57.54 + 3 = 57.

Thus, the correct answer is A .