1988 AMC 8 详解
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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。
1.
图中显示了一个测量装置刻度的一部分。箭头所指的大约读数是
The diagram shows part of a scale of a measuring device. The arrow indicates an approximate reading of
小提示:
和 之间的刻度把这一单位分成四等份,所以每小格是
The marks between and divide that unit into four equal parts, so each small division is
大提示:
箭头刚过 后的第一个刻度,所以读数比 略大
The arrow sits just past the first mark after so the reading is a little more than
解答:
刻度在 和 之间分成四等份,所以中间刻度分别是 、 和 。
箭头指向刚超过 的位置,所以读数在 和 之间。选项中只有 在这个范围内。
所以正确答案是 D。
The scale is divided into fourths between and so the interior tick marks fall at and
The arrow points just past the mark, so the reading is between and Of the choices, only lies in that range.
Thus, the correct answer is D .
2.
3.
下列表达式
的值是
The value of
is
小提示:
每个分数都能约分成同一个值
Each fraction reduces to the same value
大提示:
,且 。
and
解答:
每个分数都等于 ,因为 。
所以和是 。
所以正确答案是 D。
Each fraction equals since
So the sum is
Thus, the correct answer is D .
4.
这个图形由明暗交替的正方形组成。深色正方形的个数比浅色正方形多
The figure consists of alternating light and dark squares. The number of dark squares exceeds the number of light squares by
小提示:
逐行观察图形
Look at the figure one horizontal row at a time
大提示:
每一行正方形交替排列,但两端都是深色,所以每行深色正方形恰好多一个。数一数图形共有多少行
In each row the squares alternate but both ends are dark, so every row has exactly one more dark square than light square. Count how many rows there are.
解答:
每一水平行都是深色、浅色、深色这样交替排列,并且以深色开始、以深色结束。所以每一行深色正方形都恰好比浅色正方形多一个。
图形有 行,所以深色正方形比浅色正方形多 个。
所以正确答案是 B。
In each horizontal row the squares alternate dark, light, dark, and so on, beginning and ending with a dark square. So every row has exactly one more dark square than light square.
The figure has rows, so the dark squares exceed the light squares by
Thus, the correct answer is B .
5.
如果 是直角,那么这个量角器显示 的度数大约是
If is a right angle, then this protractor indicates that the measure of is approximately
小提示:
在量角器上,射线 的读数约为 ,射线 的读数约为 。
On the protractor, ray reads about and ray reads about
大提示:
因为 ,且 读数为 ,所以 读数为 。然后求 ,也就是 与 的读数之差
Since and reads ray reads Then is the difference between the readings of and
解答:
从量角器读数可见,射线 约在 ,射线 约在 。
因为 是直角,所以射线 在 。
因此 。
所以正确答案是 C。
Reading the protractor, ray is at about and ray is at about
Because is a right angle, ray is at
Therefore
Thus, the correct answer is C .
6.
7.
表达式 最接近
The expression is closest to
小提示:
把每个因数取成方便的近似数:,。
Round each factor to a convenient number:
大提示:
和 ,所以乘积约为 。
The sum so the product is about
解答:
近似每个因数:,,且 。
乘积约为 。
所以正确答案是 B。
Round each factor: and
The product is about
Thus, the correct answer is B .
8.
贝蒂用计算器计算乘积 。她忘了输入小数点,计算器显示 。如果贝蒂正确输入小数点,答案应为
Betty used a calculator to find the product She forgot to enter the decimal points. The calculator showed If Betty had entered the decimal points correctly, the answer would have been
小提示:
数一数 和 共有多少位小数
Count the total number of decimal places in and
大提示:
共有 位小数,所以从 右边数五位放小数点
There are decimal places, so place the decimal point that many digits from the right of
解答:
因数 和 分别有 位和 位小数,共 位。
从 右边数 位放小数点,得到 。
所以正确答案是 B。
The factors and have and decimal places, for a total of
Placing the decimal point digits from the right of gives
Thus, the correct answer is B .
9.
等腰三角形是有两条边长度相等的三角形。下面方格图中的五个三角形中,有多少个是等腰三角形?
An isosceles triangle is a triangle with two sides of equal length. How many of the five triangles on the square grid below are isosceles?
小提示:
从方格中找每个三角形的边长:一条斜边横跨 格、竖跨 格,则长度为 。有两边相等时就是等腰三角形。
Find each triangle’s side lengths from the grid: a slanted side spanning across and up has length A triangle is isosceles when two of its sides are equal.
大提示:
算出五个三角形各自的三条边长,寻找相等的一对;只有一个三角形三边都不同。
Work out all three side lengths for each of the five triangles and look for a matching pair; only one triangle ends up with three different side lengths.
解答:
从方格中读出每个三角形的边长。水平或竖直边可直接数格子;一条斜边横跨 个单位、竖跨 个单位,长度为 。
左上三角形:两条斜边都横跨 、竖跨 ,所以长度都为 ,底边长 。有两边相等,所以是等腰三角形。
上方中间三角形:它有一条长 的竖边和一条长 的横边(第三边是斜边 )。有两边相等,所以是等腰三角形。
右上三角形:边长是 、 和 ,三者都不同,所以不是等腰三角形。
左下(宽而扁的)三角形:两条斜边都横跨 、竖跨 ,所以长度都为 。有两边相等,所以是等腰三角形。
右下三角形:其中两条边都横跨 和 (长度为 ),第三边为 。有两边相等,所以是等腰三角形。
五个三角形中有四个是等腰三角形。
所以正确答案是 D。
Read each triangle’s side lengths from the grid. A horizontal or vertical side is counted directly, and a slanted side spanning units across and units up has length
Top-left triangle: its two slanted sides each span across and up, so each has length with a base of length Two equal sides, so it is isosceles.
Top-middle triangle: it has a vertical side of length and a horizontal side of length (its third side is the slant ). Two equal sides, so it is isosceles.
Top-right triangle: its sides are and which are all different, so it is not isosceles.
Bottom-left (wide, flat) triangle: its two slanted sides each span across and up, so each has length Two equal sides, so it is isosceles.
Bottom-right triangle: two of its sides each span and (giving length ), while the third is Two equal sides, so it is isosceles.
Four of the five triangles are isosceles.
Thus, the correct answer is D .
10.
克里斯今年的生日在星期四。她生日后 天是星期几?
Chris’ birthday is on a Thursday this year. What day of the week will it be days after her birthday?
星期一
Monday
星期三
Wednesday
星期四
Thursday
星期五
Friday
星期六
Saturday
小提示:
星期每 天重复一次,所以只需要看 除以 的余数
The day of the week repeats every days, so only the remainder of upon division by matters
大提示:
,所以那一天是星期四后的第 天
so the day is days after Thursday
解答:
星期每 天重复。因为 ,所以 天后是星期四后的第 天。
从星期四往后数:星期五、星期六、星期日、星期一。所以是星期一。
所以正确答案是 A。
Days of the week repeat every days. Since the day days later is days after Thursday.
Counting forward from Thursday: Friday, Saturday, Sunday, Monday. So it is a Monday.
Thus, the correct answer is A .
11.
12.
假设把送一个人去火星的估计费用 十亿美元,平均分摊给美国 百万人。那么每个人应分摊
Suppose the estimated billion dollar cost to send a person to the planet Mars is shared equally by the million people in the U.S. Then each person’s share is
小提示:
用十的幂写数: 十亿美元 , 百万人
Write the numbers with powers of ten: billion and million
大提示:
用总费用除以人数
Divide the total cost by the number of people
解答:
每个人分摊的费用是
这等于 。
所以正确答案是 C。
Each person’s share is
This equals
Thus, the correct answer is C .
13.
如果玫瑰丛之间大约相隔 英尺,那么要围住一个半径为 英尺的圆形露台,大约需要多少丛玫瑰?
If rose bushes are spaced about foot apart, approximately how many bushes are needed to surround a circular patio whose radius is feet?
小提示:
玫瑰丛沿边缘摆放,所以求周长 。
The bushes go around the edge, so find the circumference
大提示:
取 ,计算 。
With compute
解答:
玫瑰丛围绕圆形边缘,所以数量约等于周长 。
取 ,约为 英尺,所以大约需要 丛。
所以正确答案是 D。
The bushes surround the circular edge, so their number is about the circumference
Using this is about feet, so roughly bushes are needed.
Thus, the correct answer is D .
14.
如果 和 是非负整数,且 ,那么 的最大可能值是
If and are whole numbers and the largest possible value of is
15.
的倒数是多少?
What is the reciprocal of
小提示:
先用公分母 相加
First add the fractions using a common denominator of
大提示:
倒数会把分子和分母交换
The reciprocal flips the numerator and denominator
解答:
相加得 。
的倒数是 。
所以正确答案是 C。
Adding,
The reciprocal of is
Thus, the correct answer is C .
16.
在一个 方格中,每个小方格最多放一个 X。若要求竖直、水平或对角线上都不能出现三个 X 连成一排,最多可以放多少个 X?
Placing no more than one X in each small square, what is the greatest number of X’s that can be put on a grid without getting three X’s in a row vertically, horizontally, or diagonally?
小提示:
试着让每一行和每一列都留下一个空格,这样没有一整条线被填满
Try to leave one square empty in each row and column so no line gets filled
大提示:
如果有 个 X,就只有两个空格;两个空格不可能打断全部三行,所以某一行会被填满
With X’s only two squares are empty, but two empty squares cannot break all three rows, so some row would be full
解答:
放 个 X 是可以做到的:把一条主对角线上的三个格子留空,填满其余六格。这样每一行和每一列都少一个格子,使用到的那条对角线有空格,另一条对角线经过空的中心,所以没有任何一条线上出现三个连成一排的 X。
七个 X 不可能:那时只有两个空格,而两个空格最多只能落在三行中的两行,迫使剩下的一行被三个 X 完全填满。
所以最大数是 。
所以正确答案是 E。
A placement of X’s works: leave the three squares along one main diagonal empty and fill the other six. Then each row and each column is missing one square, the used diagonal has an empty square, and the other diagonal passes through the empty center, so no line of three is complete.
Seven X’s is impossible: only two squares would be empty, and two empty squares can lie in at most two of the three rows, forcing the remaining row to be completely filled with three X’s.
So the greatest number is
Thus, the correct answer is E .
17.
阴影区域由两个互相垂直相交的矩形组成,尺寸如图所示。它的面积是多少平方单位?
The shaded area is formed by two intersecting perpendicular rectangles, with dimensions as shown. Its area, in square units, is
无法由给定信息确定
unable to be determined from the information given
小提示:
把两个矩形面积相加,但重叠部分会被计算两次
Add the areas of the two rectangles, but the overlapping region gets counted twice
大提示:
水平矩形是 ,竖直矩形是 ,重叠部分是 。
The horizontal rectangle is the vertical one is and the overlap is
解答:
水平矩形面积为 ,竖直矩形面积为 。它们的重叠部分是一个 矩形,面积为 。
直接相加两个矩形会把重叠部分算两次,所以阴影面积是 。
所以正确答案是 B。
The horizontal rectangle has area and the vertical rectangle has area Their overlap, a rectangle, has area
Adding the two rectangles counts the overlap twice, so the shaded area is
Thus, the correct answer is B .
18.
个男孩的平均体重是 磅, 个女孩的平均体重是 磅。这 个孩子的平均体重是
The average weight of boys is pounds and the average weight of girls is pounds. The average weight of the children is
磅
pounds
磅
pounds
磅
pounds
磅
pounds
磅
pounds
小提示:
分别求男孩总重量和女孩总重量
Find the total weight of the boys and the total weight of the girls separately
大提示:
用合计总重量除以 。
Divide the combined total weight by
解答:
总重量是 磅。
个孩子的平均体重是 磅。
所以正确答案是 C。
The total weight is pounds.
The average of the children is pounds.
Thus, the correct answer is C .
19.
等差数列 ,,,,,,, 的第 项是多少?
What is the th number in the arithmetic sequence
小提示:
公差是 ,所以每一项比前一项多 。
The common difference is so each term adds to the previous one
大提示:
从 到第 项,需要加 共 次
Starting from reaching the th term means adding a total of times
解答:
这个数列从 开始,公差为 。第 项是在第一项基础上加 共 次得到的。
所以第 项是 。
所以正确答案是 A。
The sequence starts at with common difference The th term is reached by adding to the first term times.
So the th term is
Thus, the correct answer is A .
20.
一个圆柱形咖啡机上的玻璃刻度显示,当咖啡达到满容量的 时还剩 杯。咖啡机装满时可以容纳多少杯咖啡?
The glass gauge on a cylindrical coffee maker shows there are cups left when the coffee maker is full. How many cups of coffee does it hold when it is full?
21.
在数集 中加入第五个数 ,使这五个数的平均数等于它们的中位数。 的可能取值个数是
A fifth number, is added to the set of numbers to make the mean of the set of five numbers equal to its median. The number of possible values for is
多于
more than
小提示:
五个数的平均数是 ;中位数取决于 在排序后的位置
The mean of the five numbers is the median depends on where lands in the sorted order
大提示:
分情况讨论:中位数是 、 本身或 ,并在每种情况下利用方程“平均数 中位数”求解
Split into cases: the median is is itself, or is and solve the equation mean median in each
解答:
五个数的和是 ,平均数是 。中位数是排序后的中间值,依 的大小可能是 、 或 。
如果中位数是 :,得 ,确实小于 。如果中位数是 :,得 ,确实在 和 之间。如果中位数是 :,得 ,确实大于 。
每种情况都给出一个有效值,所以 可以是 、 或 ,共有三个可能值。
所以正确答案是 C。
The five numbers have sum and mean The median is the middle value when sorted, which is or depending on the size of
If the median is : gives which is indeed less than If the median is : gives which is between and If the median is : gives which is indeed greater than
Each case yields a valid value, so can be or — three possible values.
Thus, the correct answer is C .
22.
汤姆的帽子店把所有原价都提高了 。现在商店促销,所有商品在提高后的价格基础上再降低 。下面哪句话最能描述一件商品的促销价?
Tom’s Hat Shoppe increased all original prices by Now the shoppe is having a sale where all prices are off these increased prices. Which statement best describes the sale price of an item?
促销价比原价高
The sale price is higher than the original price.
促销价高于原价,但高出不到 。
The sale price is higher than the original price, but by less than
促销价高于原价,但高出超过 。
The sale price is higher than the original price, but by more than
促销价低于原价。
The sale price is lower than the original price.
促销价与原价相同。
The sale price is the same as the original price.
小提示:
提价 会把价格乘以 ;再打 折扣会乘以 。
Increasing by multiplies the price by taking off multiplies by
大提示:
把这两个因数相乘,并与 比较
Multiply the two factors together and compare the result to
解答:
提价 会把价格乘以 ,然后打 折扣会乘以 。
总体因数是 ,所以促销价等于原价。
所以正确答案是 E。
Increasing by multiplies the price by and then taking off multiplies by
The overall factor is so the sale price equals the original price.
Thus, the correct answer is E .
23.
玛丽亚以每 张 的价格买入电脑磁盘,并以每 张 的价格卖出。她必须卖出多少张电脑磁盘,才能获利 ?
Maria buys computer disks at a price of for and sells them at a price of for How many computer disks must she sell in order to make a profit of
小提示:
用 张作为方便的一组,因为 同时是 和 的倍数
Work with a convenient batch of disks, since is a multiple of both and
大提示:
一打磁盘进价 ,售价 ,每打利润
A dozen disks costs and sells for a profit of per dozen
解答:
按打计算磁盘,因为 同时是 和 的倍数。一打磁盘买入需 ,卖出可得 ,每打利润为 。
要获利 ,她需要 打,也就是 张磁盘。
所以正确答案是 D。
Consider disks in dozens, since is a multiple of both and A dozen disks costs to buy and sells for for a profit of per dozen.
To make profit she needs dozen, which is disks.
Thus, the correct answer is D .
24.
第一幅图中的正方形绕固定的正六边形顺时针“滚动”,直到到达底部。在图 中,实心三角形会处在哪个位置?
The square in the first diagram “rolls” clockwise around the fixed regular hexagon until it reaches the bottom. In which position will the solid triangle be in diagram
小提示:
正方形每沿六边形的一条边滚动一次,都会绕共同顶点顺时针转 。
Each time the square rolls over one edge of the hexagon it pivots about a shared corner and turns clockwise
大提示:
从顶边到底边需要滚动 次,总共转 ,也就是转一整圈后再顺时针多转四分之一圈
Going from the top edge to the bottom edge is rolls, a total of which is one full turn plus an extra quarter turn clockwise
解答:
正方形每滚过六边形的一条边,就顺时针转 。(在旋转顶点处,正方形转过 减去自身 的角,再减去六边形 的内角,剩下 。)
从六边形顶部到底部需要滚动 次,总转角为 。这是一整圈()再加顺时针 。
三角形开始时指向正上方,所以额外顺时针转四分之一圈后,它指向右方。
所以正确答案是 A。
Each roll of the square over one edge of the hexagon turns it clockwise. (At the pivot corner the square turns through minus the square’s own corner minus the hexagon’s interior angle, which leaves )
From the top of the hexagon to the bottom is rolls, for a total of That is one complete revolution () plus an extra clockwise.
The triangle starts pointing straight up, so after the extra quarter turn clockwise it points to the right.
Thus, the correct answer is A .
25.
回文数是正着读和倒着读相同的整数。如果忽略冒号,电子表上显示的某些时间也是回文,例如 、 和 。在一个 小时周期内,会出现多少个回文时刻?
A palindrome is a whole number that reads the same forwards as backwards. If one neglects the colon, certain times displayed on a digital watch are palindromes. Three examples are and How many times during a -hour period will be palindromes?
小提示:
分成一位数小时( 到 )和两位数小时(、、),因为位数不同
Split into single-digit hours ( through ) and two-digit hours ( ), since the number of digits differs
大提示:
对一位数小时 ,时间 是回文当且仅当 ,而 可取 到 。
For a single-digit hour the time is a palindrome when leaving free among through
解答:
对一位数小时 (从 到 ),显示 倒读相同时需要 。十位分钟 可以是 、、、、 或 ,所以每小时有 个回文时间,共 个。
对两位数小时 、、,显示 是回文当且仅当 且 ,正好得到 、 和 ,每个小时一个,共再加 个。
总数是 。
所以正确答案是 A。
For a single-digit hour (from to ), the display reads the same backwards when The tens digit can be or giving palindromes per hour, so
For the two-digit hours the display is a palindrome when and giving exactly and — one each, for more.
The total is
Thus, the correct answer is A .