2003 AMC 10B 详解

向下滚动即可查看来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh 的精心整理的解答,打印PDF 解答,查看答案,或参加完整限时模拟考试

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

1.

下列哪一项等于

24+68+1012+1436+912+1518+21\dfrac{2-4+6-8+10-12+14}{3-6+9-12+15-18+21}\text{?}

Which of the following is the same as

24+68+1012+1436+912+1518+21?\dfrac{2-4+6-8+10-12+14}{3-6+9-12+15-18+21}?

1-1

23-\dfrac{2}{3}

23\dfrac{2}{3}

11

143\dfrac{14}{3}

知识点:分数分配律
难度评级:660
小提示:

从分子中提出 22,从分母中提出 33

Factor a 22 out of the numerator and a 33 out of the denominator

大提示:

二者都有因子 12+34+56+71-2+3-4+5-6+7

Both share the factor 12+34+56+71-2+3-4+5-6+7

解答:

因式分解得 2(12+34+56+7)3(12+34+56+7)\dfrac{2(1-2+3-4+5-6+7)}{3(1-2+3-4+5-6+7)}\text{。}分子、分母中相同的交错和约去后,剩下 23\dfrac{2}{3}

所以正确答案是 C

Factoring gives 2(12+34+56+7)3(12+34+56+7).\dfrac{2(1-2+3-4+5-6+7)}{3(1-2+3-4+5-6+7)}. The identical alternating sums cancel, leaving 23.\dfrac{2}{3}.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

2.

阿尔患上了“代数病”(algebritis),每天必须服用一颗绿色药丸和一颗粉色药丸,持续两周。绿色药丸比粉色药丸贵 $1\$1,两周的药丸总费用为 $546\$546。一颗绿色药丸多少钱?

Al gets the disease algebritis and must take one green pill and one pink pill each day for two weeks. A green pill costs $1\$1 more than a pink pill, and Al’s pills cost a total of $546\$546 for the two weeks. How much does one green pill cost?

$7\$7

$14\$14

$19\$19

$20\$20

$39\$39

知识点:钱币一次方程
难度评级:830
小提示:

两周是 1414 天,先求一天的药丸费用。

Two weeks is 1414 days, so find the cost of one day’s pills

大提示:

若粉色药丸价格为 pp,则绿色药丸价格为 p+1p+1,且 p+(p+1)=39p+(p+1)=39

If a pink pill costs p,p, then the green pill costs p+1p+1 and p+(p+1)=39p+(p+1)=39

解答:

每天药丸费用为 546÷14=39546 \div 14 = 39 美元。设绿色药丸价格为 xx,则粉色药丸价格为 x1x-1,所以 x+(x1)=39x+(x-1)=39,解得 x=20x=20

所以正确答案是 D

Each day’s pills cost 546÷14=39546 \div 14 = 39 dollars. If xx is the cost of a green pill, then the pink pill costs x1,x-1, so x+(x1)=39.x+(x-1)=39. Solving gives x=20.x=20.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

3.

55 个连续偶数的和比前 88 个连续正奇数的和少 44。这些偶数中最小的是多少?

The sum of 55 consecutive even integers is 44 less than the sum of the first 88 consecutive odd counting numbers. What is the smallest of the even integers?

66

88

1010

1212

1414

知识点:求和一次方程
难度评级:880
小提示:

88 个正奇数的和为 828^2

The first 88 odd counting numbers sum to 828^2

大提示:

将这些偶数写成 nnn+2n+2n+4n+4n+6n+6n+8n+8,并令它们的和等于 64464-4

Write the even integers as n,n, n+2,n+2, n+4,n+4, n+6,n+6, n+8n+8 and set their sum equal to 64464-4

解答:

88 个正奇数的和是 1+3++15=641+3+\cdots+15=64

设最小偶数为 nn,则 n+(n+2)+(n+4)+(n+6)+(n+8)=5n+20=60 \begin{gathered} n+(n+2)+(n+4) \\ {}+(n+6)+(n+8) \\ = 5n+20 = 60 \end{gathered}\text{,}因此 n=8n=8

所以正确答案是 B

The first 88 odd counting numbers sum to 1+3++15=64.1+3+\cdots+15=64.

Letting nn be the smallest even integer, n+(n+2)+(n+4)+(n+6)+(n+8)=5n+20=60, \begin{gathered} n+(n+2)+(n+4) \\ {}+(n+6)+(n+8) \\ = 5n+20 = 60, \end{gathered} so n=8.n=8.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

4.

罗斯用不同种类的花填满她的长方形花坛中的每个长方形区域。图中给出了这些长方形区域的边长,单位为英尺。她在每个区域每平方英尺种一朵花。紫菀每朵 $1\$1,秋海棠每朵 $1.50\$1.50,美人蕉每朵 $2\$2,大丽花每朵 $2.50\$2.50,复活节百合每朵 $3\$3。她的花园最少可能花多少钱?

Rose fills each of the rectangular regions of her rectangular flower bed with a different type of flower. The lengths, in feet, of the rectangular regions in her flower bed are as shown in the figure. She plants one flower per square foot in each region. Asters cost $1\$1 each, begonias $1.50\$1.50 each, cannas $2\$2 each, dahlias $2.50\$2.50 each, and Easter lilies $3\$3 each. What is the least possible cost, in dollars, for her garden?

108108

115115

132132

144144

156156

难度评级:1070
小提示:

先求出五个区域各自的面积。

Find the area of each of the five regions first

大提示:

为了使费用最小,把最贵的花种在最小的区域。

To minimize cost, plant the most expensive flower in the smallest region

解答:

五个区域的面积分别为 4466151520202121 平方英尺。

要使费用最小,应把最贵的花种在最小的区域,所以总费用为 (3)(4)+(2.5)(6)+(2)(15)+(1.5)(20)+(1)(21)=108 \begin{gathered} (3)(4)+(2.5)(6)+(2)(15) \\ {}+(1.5)(20)+(1)(21) \\ = 108 \end{gathered}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 A

The five regions have areas 4,4, 6,6, 15,15, 20,20, and 2121 square feet.

Cost is minimized by placing the most expensive flower in the smallest region, so the total is (3)(4)+(2.5)(6)+(2)(15)+(1.5)(20)+(1)(21)=108. \begin{gathered} (3)(4)+(2.5)(6)+(2)(15) \\ {}+(1.5)(20)+(1)(21) \\ = 108. \end{gathered}

Thus, the correct answer is A.

5.

莫用割草机修剪一个 9090 英尺乘 150150 英尺的长方形草坪。割草机每次割出的宽度为 2828 英寸,但为了不漏草,他每次重叠 44 英寸。他推割草机时的速度为每小时 50005000 英尺。下列哪个数最接近他割完整个草坪所需的小时数?

Moe uses a mower to cut his rectangular 9090-foot by 150150-foot lawn. The swath he cuts is 2828 inches wide, but he overlaps each cut by 44 inches to make sure that no grass is missed. He walks at the rate of 50005000 feet per hour while pushing the mower. Which of the following is closest to the number of hours it will take Moe to mow his lawn?

0.750.75

0.80.8

1.351.35

1.51.5

33

难度评级:1100
小提示:

有效割草宽度为 284=2428-4=24 英寸,即 22 英尺。

The effective swath width is 284=2428-4=24 inches, which is 22 feet

大提示:

用草坪面积除以莫每小时割草面积。

Divide the lawn’s area by the area Moe mows per hour

解答:

草坪面积为 90150=13,50090 \cdot 150 = 13{,}500 平方英尺。

莫每走一英尺,有效割草宽度为 22 英尺,所以每小时割草面积为 25000=10,0002 \cdot 5000 = 10{,}000 平方英尺。因此所需时间为 13,50010,000=1.35\dfrac{13{,}500}{10{,}000}=1.35 小时。

所以正确答案是 C

The lawn has area 90150=13,50090 \cdot 150 = 13{,}500 square feet.

Each foot Moe walks mows an effective strip 22 feet wide, so he mows 25000=10,0002 \cdot 5000 = 10{,}000 square feet per hour. The time needed is 13,50010,000=1.35\dfrac{13{,}500}{10{,}000}=1.35 hours.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

6.

许多电视屏幕是长方形,并用对角线长度来标记尺寸。标准电视屏幕的水平长度与高度之比为 4:34 : 3。一台“2727 英寸”电视的水平长度最接近下列多少英寸?

Many television screens are rectangles that are measured by the length of their diagonals. The ratio of the horizontal length to the height in a standard television screen is 4:3.4 : 3. The horizontal length of a “2727-inch” television screen is closest, in inches, to which of the following?

2020

20.520.5

2121

21.521.5

2222

难度评级:1000
小提示:

长、宽和对角线的比例为 4:3:54 : 3 : 5

The length, height, and diagonal are in the ratio 4:3:54 : 3 : 5

大提示:

对角线对应 55 份且等于 2727,所以水平长度是 272745\tfrac{4}{5}

The diagonal corresponds to 55 parts and equals 27,27, so the length is 45\tfrac{4}{5} of 2727

解答:

因为长高比为 4:34:3,长、高、对角线组成 4:3:54:3:5 的直角三角形。对角线长为 2727,所以水平长度为 45(27)=21.6\dfrac{4}{5}(27)=21.6\text{,}最接近 21.521.5

所以正确答案是 D

Since the length and height are in ratio 4:3,4:3, the length, height, and diagonal form a 4:3:54:3:5 right triangle. The diagonal is 27,27, so the horizontal length is 45(27)=21.6,\dfrac{4}{5}(27)=21.6, which is closest to 21.5.21.5.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

7.

符号 x\lfloor x \rfloor 表示不超过 xx 的最大整数。例如 3=3\lfloor 3 \rfloor = 392=4\lfloor \frac{9}{2} \rfloor = 4。计算 1+2+3++16 \begin{gathered} \lfloor \sqrt{1} \rfloor + \lfloor \sqrt{2} \rfloor + \lfloor \sqrt{3} \rfloor \\ {}+ \cdots + \lfloor \sqrt{16} \rfloor \end{gathered}\text{。}

The symbolism x\lfloor x \rfloor denotes the largest integer not exceeding x.x. For example, 3=3,\lfloor 3 \rfloor = 3, and 92=4.\lfloor \frac{9}{2} \rfloor = 4. Compute 1+2+3++16. \begin{gathered} \lfloor \sqrt{1} \rfloor + \lfloor \sqrt{2} \rfloor + \lfloor \sqrt{3} \rfloor \\ {}+ \cdots + \lfloor \sqrt{16} \rfloor. \end{gathered}

3535

3838

4040

4242

136136

难度评级:1170
小提示:

当且仅当 k2n<(k+1)2k^2 \le n \lt (k+1)^2 时,n=k\lfloor \sqrt{n} \rfloor = k

n=k\lfloor \sqrt{n} \rfloor = k exactly when k2n<(k+1)2k^2 \le n \lt (k+1)^2

大提示:

分别数出 111616 中有多少个给出 11223344 这几个取整值。

Count how many of 11 through 1616 give each floor value 1,1, 2,2, 3,3, and 44

解答:

n=1,2,3n=1,2,3 时,取整值为 11;当 n=4,,8n=4,\ldots,8 时,取整值为 22;当 n=9,,15n=9,\ldots,15 时,取整值为 33;当 n=16n=16 时,取整值为 44。因此总和为 31+52+73+14=383\cdot 1 + 5\cdot 2 + 7\cdot 3 + 1\cdot 4 = 38\text{。}

所以正确答案是 B

The value is 11 for n=1,2,3;n=1,2,3; it is 22 for n=4,,8;n=4,\ldots,8; it is 33 for n=9,,15;n=9,\ldots,15; and it is 44 for n=16.n=16. The sum is 31+52+73+14=38.3\cdot 1 + 5\cdot 2 + 7\cdot 3 + 1\cdot 4 = 38.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

8.

一个等比数列的第二项和第四项分别为 2266。下列哪个数可能是第一项?

The second and fourth terms of a geometric sequence are 22 and 6.6. Which of the following is a possible first term?

3-\sqrt{3}

233-\dfrac{2\sqrt{3}}{3}

33-\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{3}

3\sqrt{3}

33

知识点:等比数列根式
难度评级:1140
小提示:

第四项除以第二项得到 r2r^2

Dividing the fourth term by the second term gives r2r^2

大提示:

ar=2ar=2,第一项为 a=2ra=\dfrac{2}{r},而 rr 可以为负。

With ar=2,ar=2, the first term is a=2r,a=\dfrac{2}{r}, and rr may be negative

解答:

设数列为 aaararar2ar^2ar3ar^3\dots,其中 ar=2ar=2ar3=6ar^3=6。相除得 r2=3r^2=3,所以 r=±3r=\pm\sqrt3

于是 a=2r=±23=±233a=\dfrac{2}{r}=\pm\dfrac{2}{\sqrt3}=\pm\dfrac{2\sqrt3}{3}。选项中对应的负值是 233-\dfrac{2\sqrt3}{3}

所以正确答案是 B

Let the terms be a,a, ar,ar, ar2,ar^2, ar3,ar^3, \dots with ar=2ar=2 and ar3=6.ar^3=6. Dividing gives r2=3,r^2=3, so r=±3.r=\pm\sqrt3.

Then a=2r=±23=±233.a=\dfrac{2}{r}=\pm\dfrac{2}{\sqrt3}=\pm\dfrac{2\sqrt3}{3}. The choice 233-\dfrac{2\sqrt3}{3} matches the negative case.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

9.

求满足下列方程的 xx

252=548x526x2517x25^{-2} = \dfrac{5^{\frac{48}{x}}}{5^{\frac{26}{x}} \cdot 25^{\frac{17}{x}}}\text{。}

Find the value of xx that satisfies the equation

252=548x526x2517x.25^{-2} = \dfrac{5^{\frac{48}{x}}}{5^{\frac{26}{x}} \cdot 25^{\frac{17}{x}}}.

22

33

55

66

99

知识点:指数代数变形
难度评级:1070
小提示:

将每一项都改写成以 55 为底的幂。

Rewrite every term as a power of 55

大提示:

右边变为 5482634x5^{\frac{48-26-34}{x}};令指数等于 4-4

The right side becomes 5482634x;5^{\frac{48-26-34}{x}}; set the exponent equal to 4-4

解答:

全部写成以 55 为底的幂,左边是 545^{-4},右边是 5482634x=512x5^{\frac{48-26-34}{x}}=5^{-\frac{12}{x}}\text{。}令指数相等,得到 4=12x-4=-\dfrac{12}{x},所以 x=3x=3

所以正确答案是 B

Writing everything base 5,5, the left side is 545^{-4} and the right side is 5482634x=512x.5^{\frac{48-26-34}{x}}=5^{-\frac{12}{x}}. Setting exponents equal, 4=12x,-4=-\dfrac{12}{x}, so x=3.x=3.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

10.

AMC 所在的内布拉斯加州改变了车牌方案。旧车牌由一个字母后接四个数字组成;新车牌由三个字母后接三个数字组成。可能的车牌数量增加为原来的多少倍?

Nebraska, the home of the AMC, changed its license plate scheme. Each old license plate consisted of a letter followed by four digits. Each new license plate consists of three letters followed by three digits. By how many times is the number of possible license plates increased?

2610\dfrac{26}{10}

262102\dfrac{26^2}{10^2}

26210\dfrac{26^2}{10}

263103\dfrac{26^3}{10^3}

263102\dfrac{26^3}{10^2}

难度评级:1170
小提示:

用乘法原理分别计算两种方案的车牌数。

Count the plates in each scheme using the multiplication principle

大提示:

用新方案数量 26310326^3 \cdot 10^3 除以旧方案数量 2610426 \cdot 10^4

Divide the new count 26310326^3 \cdot 10^3 by the old count 2610426 \cdot 10^4

解答:

旧方案有 2610426 \cdot 10^4 种车牌,新方案有 26310326^3 \cdot 10^3 种。增加倍数为 26310326104=26210\dfrac{26^3 \cdot 10^3}{26 \cdot 10^4}=\dfrac{26^2}{10}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 C

The old scheme allows 2610426 \cdot 10^4 plates and the new scheme allows 26310326^3 \cdot 10^3 plates. The increase factor is 26310326104=26210.\dfrac{26^3 \cdot 10^3}{26 \cdot 10^4}=\dfrac{26^2}{10}.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

11.

一条斜率为 33 的直线与一条斜率为 55 的直线交于点 (10,15)(10, 15)。这两条直线的 xx 轴截距之间的距离是多少?

A line with slope 33 intersects a line with slope 55 at the point (10,15).(10, 15). What is the distance between the xx-intercepts of these two lines?

22

55

77

1212

2020

难度评级:1240
小提示:

分别写出过 (10,15)(10, 15) 的点斜式方程。

Write each line in point-slope form through (10,15)(10, 15)

大提示:

在每个方程中令 y=0y=0,求它们与 xx 轴的交点。

Set y=0y=0 in each equation to find where they cross the xx-axis

解答:

两条直线分别为 y15=3(x10)y-15=3(x-10)y15=5(x10)y-15=5(x-10)

y=0y=0,得到 xx 轴截距分别为 x=5x=5x=7x=7。两点 (5,0)(5,0)(7,0)(7,0) 的距离为 22

所以正确答案是 A

The lines are y15=3(x10)y-15=3(x-10) and y15=5(x10).y-15=5(x-10).

Setting y=0y=0 gives xx-intercepts x=5x=5 and x=7.x=7. The distance between (5,0)(5,0) and (7,0)(7,0) is 2.2.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

12.

阿尔、贝蒂和克莱尔将 $1000\$1000 分给三人并以不同方式投资。三人起始金额各不相同。一年后他们总共有 $1500\$1500。贝蒂和克莱尔的钱都翻倍了,而阿尔亏了 $100\$100。阿尔原来分到多少钱?

Al, Betty, and Clare split $1000\$1000 among them to be invested in different ways. Each begins with a different amount. At the end of one year they have a total of $1500.\$1500. Betty and Clare have both doubled their money, whereas Al has managed to lose $100.\$100. What was Al’s original portion?

$250\$250

$350\$350

$400\$400

$450\$450

$500\$500

知识点:方程组钱币
难度评级:1240
小提示:

设阿尔、贝蒂和克莱尔的起始金额分别为 aabbcc,则 a+b+c=1000a+b+c=1000

Let Al, Betty, and Clare start with a,a, b,b, and c,c, so a+b+c=1000a+b+c=1000

大提示:

最终总额为 (a100)+2(b+c)=1500(a-100)+2(b+c)=1500;代入 b+c=1000ab+c=1000-a

The final total is (a100)+2(b+c)=1500;(a-100)+2(b+c)=1500; substitute b+c=1000ab+c=1000-a

解答:

设三人的原始金额分别为 aabbcc。则 a+b+c=1000a+b+c=1000,且 (a100)+2(b+c)=1500(a-100)+2(b+c)=1500

b+c=1000ab+c=1000-a 代入第二个方程,得到 a100+2(1000a)=1500a-100+2(1000-a)=1500\text{,}所以 a=400a=400

所以正确答案是 C

Let a,a, b,b, and cc be the original portions. Then a+b+c=1000a+b+c=1000 and (a100)+2(b+c)=1500.(a-100)+2(b+c)=1500.

Substituting b+c=1000ab+c=1000-a into the second equation, a100+2(1000a)=1500,a-100+2(1000-a)=1500, so a=400.a=400.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

13.

(x)\clubsuit(x) 表示正整数 xx 的各位数字之和。例如 (8)=8\clubsuit(8)=8(123)=1+2+3=6\clubsuit(123)=1+2+3=6。有多少个两位数 xx 满足 ((x))=3\clubsuit(\clubsuit(x))=3

Let (x)\clubsuit(x) denote the sum of the digits of the positive integer x.x. For example, (8)=8\clubsuit(8)=8 and (123)=1+2+3=6.\clubsuit(123)=1+2+3=6. For how many two-digit values of xx is ((x))=3?\clubsuit(\clubsuit(x))=3?

33

44

66

99

1010

难度评级:1310
小提示:

对两位数 xx,数字和 (x)\clubsuit(x) 最大为 1818

When xx has two digits, the digit sum (x)\clubsuit(x) is at most 1818

大提示:

(y)=3\clubsuit(y)=3y18y\le 18 时,y=3y=3y=12y=12;分别计数对应的 xx

(y)=3\clubsuit(y)=3 with y18y\le 18 forces y=3y=3 or y=12;y=12; count xx for each

解答:

y=(x)y=\clubsuit(x)。因为 x99x\le 99,所以 y18y\le 18;要满足 (y)=3\clubsuit(y)=3,只能有 y=3y=3y=12y=12

数字和为 33 的两位数是 121221213030(共 33 个)。数字和为 1212 的两位数是 3939484857576666757584849393(共 77 个)。总共有 1010 个。

所以正确答案是 E

Let y=(x).y=\clubsuit(x). Since x99,x\le 99, we have y18,y\le 18, so (y)=3\clubsuit(y)=3 forces y=3y=3 or y=12.y=12.

The two-digit numbers with digit sum 33 are 12,12, 21,21, and 3030 (33 of them). Those with digit sum 1212 are 39,39, 48,48, 57,57, 66,66, 75,75, 84,84, and 9393 (77 of them). In all there are 10.10.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

14.

已知 3852=ab3^8 \cdot 5^2 = a^b,其中 aabb 都是正整数。求 a+ba+b 的最小可能值。

Given that 3852=ab,3^8 \cdot 5^2 = a^b, where both aa and bb are positive integers, find the smallest possible value for a+b.a+b.

2525

3434

351351

407407

900900

难度评级:1390
小提示:

因为这个数被 525^2 整除但不被 535^3 整除,所以 bb 最大只能是 22

Since 525^2 but not 535^3 divides the number, bb can be at most 22

大提示:

bb 越大,aa 越小;试 b=2b=2,把这个数写成完全平方。

The larger bb is, the smaller aa becomes; try b=2b=2 and write the number as a perfect square

解答:

因为 aa 必须含因子 55,而 38523^8 \cdot 5^2525^2 整除但不被 535^3 整除,所以 b2b\le 2

b=2b=2,得 a=3852=345=405a=\sqrt{3^8 \cdot 5^2}=3^4 \cdot 5=405,因此 a+b=407a+b=407。若 b=1b=1,则 a+b=164,026a+b=164{,}026,更大。

所以正确答案是 D

Because aa must be divisible by 5,5, and 38523^8 \cdot 5^2 is divisible by 525^2 but not 53,5^3, we need b2.b\le 2.

Taking b=2b=2 gives a=3852=345=405,a=\sqrt{3^8 \cdot 5^2}=3^4 \cdot 5=405, so a+b=407.a+b=407. This beats b=1,b=1, which gives a+b=164,026.a+b=164{,}026.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

15.

一场单打网球锦标赛有 100100 名选手。比赛采用单败淘汰制,即输一场就被淘汰。第一轮中最强的 2828 名选手轮空,其余 7272 名选手配对比赛。之后每轮剩余选手继续比赛,直到只剩一名未败选手。总比赛场数

There are 100100 players in a singles tennis tournament. The tournament is single elimination, meaning that a player who loses a match is eliminated. In the first round, the strongest 2828 players are given a bye, and the remaining 7272 players are paired off to play. After each round, the remaining players play in the next round. The match continues until only one player remains unbeaten. The total number of matches played is

是质数

a prime number

能被 22 整除

divisible by 22

能被 55 整除

divisible by 55

能被 77 整除

divisible by 77

能被 1111 整除

divisible by 1111

难度评级:1280
小提示:

每场比赛正好淘汰一名选手。

Each match eliminates exactly one player

大提示:

除冠军外所有人都会被淘汰,所以数被淘汰的人数即可。

All but the champion are eliminated, so count the number of eliminated players

解答:

每场比赛淘汰一名选手。共有 100100 名选手开始,除冠军外都被淘汰,所以有 9999 场比赛。

因为 99=91199=9 \cdot 11,所以比赛场数能被 1111 整除,而其他选项都不满足。

所以正确答案是 E

Each match eliminates exactly one player. Since 100100 players start and all but the champion are eliminated, there are 9999 matches.

Because 99=911,99=9 \cdot 11, it is divisible by 1111 but satisfies none of the other options.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

16.

一家餐厅提供三种甜点,前菜数量正好是主菜数量的两倍。一顿晚餐由一道前菜、一道主菜和一道甜点组成。餐厅至少应提供多少种主菜,才能让顾客在 20032003 年每天晚上都吃不同的晚餐?

A restaurant offers three desserts, and exactly twice as many appetizers as main courses. A dinner consists of an appetizer, a main course, and a dessert. What is the least number of main courses that the restaurant should offer so that a customer could have a different dinner each night in the year 2003?2003?

44

55

66

77

88

难度评级:1370
小提示:

若有 mm 种主菜,则有 2m2m 种前菜,总晚餐数为 3m2m3 \cdot m \cdot 2m

With mm main courses there are 2m2m appetizers, giving 3m2m3 \cdot m \cdot 2m dinners

大提示:

20032003 年不是闰年,所以需要 6m23656m^2 \ge 365

The year 20032003 is not a leap year, so require 6m23656m^2 \ge 365

解答:

若有 mm 种主菜,则前菜种数是主菜的两倍,晚餐总数为 3m2m=6m23 \cdot m \cdot 2m = 6m^2。这个数至少需要达到 365365

m2365660.8m^2 \ge \dfrac{365}{6}\approx 60.8。因为 72=497^2=49 太小,而 82=648^2=64 可行,所以 m=8m=8

所以正确答案是 E

With mm main courses, the number of dinners is 3m2m=6m2.3 \cdot m \cdot 2m = 6m^2. This must be at least 365.365.

So m2365660.8.m^2 \ge \dfrac{365}{6}\approx 60.8. Since 72=497^2=49 is too small but 82=648^2=64 works, m=8.m=8.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

17.

一个冰淇淋蛋筒由一个香草冰淇淋球和一个直圆锥组成,圆锥直径与球的直径相同。若冰淇淋融化后正好装满圆锥,并假设融化后冰淇淋体积是冷冻时体积的 75%75\%,则圆锥高与半径之比是多少?(注:半径为 rr、高为 hh 的圆锥体积为 πr2h3\frac{\pi r^2 h}{3},半径为 rr 的球体积为 4πr33\frac{4\pi r^3}{3}。)

An ice cream cone consists of a sphere of vanilla ice cream and a right circular cone that has the same diameter as the sphere. If the ice cream melts, it will exactly fill the cone. Assume that the melted ice cream occupies 75%75\% of the volume of the frozen ice cream. What is the ratio of the cone’s height to its radius? (Note: A cone with radius rr and height hh has volume πr2h3,\frac{\pi r^2 h}{3}, and a sphere with radius rr has volume 4πr33.\frac{4\pi r^3}{3}.)

2:12 : 1

3:13 : 1

4:14 : 1

16:316 : 3

6:16 : 1

知识点:体积圆锥
难度评级:1370
小提示:

圆锥和球有相同的半径 rr

The cone and sphere share the same radius rr

大提示:

3443πr3\tfrac34 \cdot \tfrac43 \pi r^3 等于圆锥体积 13πr2h\tfrac13 \pi r^2 h

Set 3443πr3\tfrac34 \cdot \tfrac43 \pi r^3 equal to the cone volume 13πr2h\tfrac13 \pi r^2 h

解答:

融化后的体积等于圆锥体积,所以 3443πr3=13πr2h\dfrac34 \cdot \dfrac43 \pi r^3 = \dfrac13 \pi r^2 h\text{。}

化简得 πr3=13πr2h\pi r^3 = \dfrac13 \pi r^2 h,所以 h=3rh=3r,高与半径之比为 3:13:1

所以正确答案是 B

The melted volume equals the cone’s volume, so 3443πr3=13πr2h.\dfrac34 \cdot \dfrac43 \pi r^3 = \dfrac13 \pi r^2 h.

Simplifying gives πr3=13πr2h,\pi r^3 = \dfrac13 \pi r^2 h, so h=3r.h=3r. The ratio of height to radius is 3:1.3:1.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

18.

能整除下式的最大整数是多少?

(n+1)(n+3)(n+5)(n+7)(n+9) \begin{aligned} &(n+1)(n+3)(n+5) \\ &\quad {}\cdot (n+7)(n+9) \end{aligned}

其中 nn 为任意正偶数。

What is the largest integer that is a divisor of

(n+1)(n+3)(n+5)(n+7)(n+9) \begin{aligned} &(n+1)(n+3)(n+5) \\ &\quad {}\cdot (n+7)(n+9) \end{aligned}

for all positive even integers n?n?

33

55

1111

1515

165165

难度评级:1480
小提示:

nn 为偶数时,五个因数是连续的五个奇数。

When nn is even, the five factors are consecutive odd numbers

大提示:

连续五个奇数中有一个是 33 的倍数,有一个是 55 的倍数;再检查没有更大的因数总是成立。

Among five consecutive odd numbers one is a multiple of 33 and one of 5;5; check no larger factor always works

解答:

nn 为偶数时,这五个因数是连续五个奇数。其中至少有一个能被 33 整除,且恰有一个能被 55 整除,所以乘积总能被 1515 整除。

要证明不存在更大的固定公因数,比较以下三种情形:n=2:357911,n=10:1113151719,n=12:1315171921 \begin{aligned} n=2 &: 3\cdot5\cdot7\cdot9\cdot11,\\ n=10 &: 11\cdot13\cdot15\cdot17\cdot19,\\ n=12 &: 13\cdot15\cdot17\cdot19\cdot21 \end{aligned}\text{。}这三个乘积的最大公因数恰为 1515,所以能整除所有情形的整数不可能更大。

所以正确答案是 D

When nn is even, the factors are five consecutive odd numbers. Among any five consecutive odd numbers, at least one is divisible by 33 and exactly one by 5,5, so the product is always divisible by 15.15.

To prove that no larger fixed divisor is forced, compare three cases: n=2:357911,n=10:1113151719,n=12:1315171921. \begin{aligned} n=2 &: 3\cdot5\cdot7\cdot9\cdot11,\\ n=10 &: 11\cdot13\cdot15\cdot17\cdot19,\\ n=12 &: 13\cdot15\cdot17\cdot19\cdot21. \end{aligned} The greatest common divisor of these three products is exactly 15,15, so a divisor common to every case cannot be any larger.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

19.

在半径为 22 的半圆的直径 AB\overline{AB} 上构造三个半径为 11 的半圆。小半圆的圆心将 AB\overline{AB} 分成四段相等的线段,如图所示。位于大半圆内部且在较小半圆外部的阴影区域面积是多少?

Three semicircles of radius 11 are constructed on diameter AB\overline{AB} of a semicircle of radius 2.2. The centers of the small semicircles divide AB\overline{AB} into four line segments of equal length, as shown. What is the area of the shaded region that lies within the large semicircle but outside the smaller semicircles?

π3\pi - \sqrt{3}

π2\pi - \sqrt{2}

π+22\dfrac{\pi + \sqrt{2}}{2}

π+32\dfrac{\pi + \sqrt{3}}{2}

76π32\dfrac{7}{6}\pi - \dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}

难度评级:1630
小提示:

从大半圆面积 12π(2)2=2π\tfrac12 \pi (2)^2 = 2\pi 开始。

Start with the large semicircle’s area 12π(2)2=2π\tfrac12 \pi (2)^2 = 2\pi

大提示:

相邻小半圆的重叠部分涉及 6060^\circ 扇形和等边三角形。

The overlaps of adjacent small semicircles are 6060^\circ sectors plus equilateral triangles

解答:

大半圆面积为 12π(2)2=2π\dfrac12 \pi (2)^2 = 2\pi

删去的部分等于五个半径为 116060^\circ 扇形和两个边长为 11 的等边三角形;每个扇形面积为 π6\dfrac{\pi}{6},每个等边三角形面积为 34\dfrac{\sqrt3}{4}

阴影面积为 2π5π6234=76π32 \begin{gathered} 2\pi - 5 \cdot \dfrac{\pi}{6} - 2 \cdot \dfrac{\sqrt3}{4} \\ = \dfrac{7}{6}\pi - \dfrac{\sqrt3}{2} \end{gathered}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 E

The large semicircle has area 12π(2)2=2π.\dfrac12 \pi (2)^2 = 2\pi.

Removing the small semicircles deletes a region equal to five congruent 6060^\circ sectors of radius 11 plus two equilateral triangles of side 1.1. Each sector has area π6\dfrac{\pi}{6} and each triangle has area 34.\dfrac{\sqrt3}{4}.

The shaded area is 2π5π6234=76π32. \begin{gathered} 2\pi - 5 \cdot \dfrac{\pi}{6} - 2 \cdot \dfrac{\sqrt3}{4} \\ = \dfrac{7}{6}\pi - \dfrac{\sqrt3}{2}. \end{gathered}

Thus, the correct answer is E.

20.

在长方形 ABCDABCD 中,AB=5AB=5BC=3BC=3。点 FFGGCD\overline{CD} 上,且 DF=1DF=1GC=2GC=2。直线 AFAFBGBG 交于 EE。求 AEB\triangle AEB 的面积。

In rectangle ABCD,ABCD, AB=5AB=5 and BC=3.BC=3. Points FF and GG are on CD\overline{CD} so that DF=1DF=1 and GC=2.GC=2. Lines AFAF and BGBG intersect at E.E. Find the area of AEB.\triangle AEB.

1010

212\dfrac{21}{2}

1212

252\dfrac{25}{2}

1515

难度评级:1480
小提示:

计算 FG=CDDFGCFG = CD - DF - GC

Compute FG=CDDFGCFG = CD - DF - GC

大提示:

FEGAEB\triangle FEG \sim \triangle AEB,用比例 FGAB\tfrac{FG}{AB} 求点 EE 的高度。

FEGAEB;\triangle FEG \sim \triangle AEB; use the ratio FGAB\tfrac{FG}{AB} to locate the height of EE

解答:

先计算 FG=CDDFGCFG = CD - DF - GC =512= 5 - 1 - 2 =2= 2。设 EE 到直线 CDCD 的距离为 hh。由于 FEGAEB\triangle FEG \sim \triangle AEB,相似比为 FGAB=25\dfrac{FG}{AB}=\dfrac25,所以 hh+3=25\dfrac{h}{h+3}=\dfrac25\text{,}解得 h=2h=2

AEB\triangle AEBEEABAB 的高为 h+3=5h+3=5,所以面积为 1255=252\dfrac12 \cdot 5 \cdot 5 = \dfrac{25}{2}

所以正确答案是 D

Here FG=CDDFGCFG = CD - DF - GC =512= 5 - 1 - 2 =2.= 2. Let hh be the distance from EE down to line CD.CD. Since FEGAEB\triangle FEG \sim \triangle AEB with ratio FGAB=25,\dfrac{FG}{AB}=\dfrac25, we have hh+3=25,\dfrac{h}{h+3}=\dfrac25, so h=2.h=2.

The height of AEB\triangle AEB from EE to ABAB is h+3=5,h+3=5, giving area 1255=252.\dfrac12 \cdot 5 \cdot 5 = \dfrac{25}{2}.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

21.

一个袋子里有两颗红珠和两颗绿珠。每次从袋中取出一颗珠子,不论取出的是什么颜色,都放回一颗红珠。这样替换三次后,袋中所有珠子都是红色的概率是多少?

A bag contains two red beads and two green beads. You reach into the bag and pull out a bead, replacing it with a red bead regardless of the color you pulled out. What is the probability that all beads in the bag are red after three such replacements?

18\dfrac{1}{8}

532\dfrac{5}{32}

932\dfrac{9}{32}

38\dfrac{3}{8}

716\dfrac{7}{16}

难度评级:1600
小提示:

最终全为红色,当且仅当三次抽取中两颗绿珠都被抽到。

All beads are red exactly when both green beads are drawn during the three draws

大提示:

分别计算抽取序列 GG、GRG、RGG 的概率,并跟踪袋中珠子数变化。

Add the probabilities of the draw sequences GG, GRG, and RGG, tracking how the counts change

解答:

袋中始终有 44 颗珠子。

最终全为红色,正好表示两颗绿珠都被抽到。先绿后绿的概率为 2414=18\dfrac24 \cdot \dfrac14 = \dfrac18。绿、红、绿的概率为 243414=332\dfrac24 \cdot \dfrac34 \cdot \dfrac14 = \dfrac{3}{32}。红、绿、绿的概率为 242414=116\dfrac24 \cdot \dfrac24 \cdot \dfrac14 = \dfrac{1}{16}

把三种情况相加,得到 18+332+116=932\dfrac18 + \dfrac{3}{32} + \dfrac{1}{16} = \dfrac{9}{32}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 C

The bag always holds 44 beads. All are red at the end precisely when both greens are drawn.

Drawing green then green has probability 2414=18.\dfrac24 \cdot \dfrac14 = \dfrac18. Green, red, green has probability 243414=332.\dfrac24 \cdot \dfrac34 \cdot \dfrac14 = \dfrac{3}{32}. Red, green, green has probability 242414=116.\dfrac24 \cdot \dfrac24 \cdot \dfrac14 = \dfrac{1}{16}.

The total is 18+332+116=932.\dfrac18 + \dfrac{3}{32} + \dfrac{1}{16} = \dfrac{9}{32}.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

22.

一座钟每小时过 3030 分钟时敲一次,整点时按小时数敲钟。例如下午 11 点敲一次,中午和午夜都敲十二次。从 20032003 年二月 2626 日上午 11:1511{:}15 开始,第 20032003 次钟声会发生在哪一天?

A clock chimes once at 3030 minutes past each hour and chimes on the hour according to the hour. For example, at 11 PM there is one chime and at noon and midnight there are twelve chimes. Starting at 11:1511{:}15 AM on February 26,26, 2003,2003, on what date will the 20032003rd chime occur?

三月 88

March 88

三月 99

March 99

三月 1010

March 1010

三月 2020

March 2020

三月 2121

March 2121

难度评级:1690
小提示:

1212 小时有 1212 次半点钟声和 1+2++12=781+2+\cdots+12=78 次整点钟声。

In each 1212-hour period there are 1212 half-hour chimes and 1+2++12=781+2+\cdots+12=78 hour chimes

大提示:

一整天有 180180 次钟声;从二月 2626 日上午 11:1511{:}15 之后开始累计。

A full day has 180180 chimes; count how many occur after 11:1511{:}15 AM on Feb 2626 and accumulate by day

解答:

1212 小时有 12+78=9012 + 78 = 90 次钟声,所以每天有 180180 次钟声。

从二月 2626 日上午 11:1511{:}15 之后,到当天结束有 9191 次钟声。之后每天增加 180180 次,到三月 88 日结束时累计达到 18911891 次。

剩余钟声发生在三月 99 日;第 20032003 次钟声是当天第 112112 次钟声,发生在三月 99 日下午 3:303{:}30

所以正确答案是 B

Each 1212-hour period has 12+78=9012 + 78 = 90 chimes, so each full day has 180.180.

After 11:1511{:}15 AM on February 26,26, the rest of that day has 9191 chimes. Adding 180180 for each following full day, the count reaches 18911891 by the end of March 8.8.

The remaining chimes fall on March 9:9: the 20032003rd chime is the 112112th chime of that day, occurring at 3:303{:}30 PM on March 9.9.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

23.

正八边形 ABCDEFGHABCDEFGH 的面积为一平方单位。长方形 ABEFABEF 的面积是多少?

A regular octagon ABCDEFGHABCDEFGH has an area of one square unit. What is the area of the rectangle ABEF?ABEF?

1221 - \dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}

24\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{4}

21\sqrt{2} - 1

12\dfrac{1}{2}

1+24\dfrac{1 + \sqrt{2}}{4}

难度评级:1660
小提示:

OO 是八边形中心,也是长方形 ABEFABEF 对角线的交点。

Let OO be the center of the octagon, where the diagonals of ABEFABEF meet

大提示:

三角形 AOBAOB 是组成八边形的八个全等三角形之一。

Triangle AOBAOB is one of the eight congruent triangles making up the octagon

解答:

OO 是中心。八边形可由 OO 分成 88 个全等三角形,所以 AOB\triangle AOB 的面积为 18\dfrac18

由于 OOAEAE 的中点,三角形 AOBAOBBOEBOE 面积相等,所以 ABE\triangle ABE 面积为 14\dfrac14。长方形 ABEFABEF 的面积是它的两倍,即 12\dfrac12

所以正确答案是 D

Let OO be the center. The octagon splits into 88 congruent triangles from O,O, so AOB\triangle AOB has area 18.\dfrac18.

Since OO is the midpoint of AE,AE, triangles AOBAOB and BOEBOE have equal area, so ABE\triangle ABE has area 14.\dfrac14. The rectangle ABEFABEF is twice this, namely 12.\dfrac12.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

24.

一个等差数列的前四项依次为 x+yx+yxyx-yxyxyxy\frac{x}{y}。第五项是多少?

The first four terms in an arithmetic sequence are x+y,x+y, xy,x-y, xy,xy, and xy,\frac{x}{y}, in that order. What is the fifth term?

158-\dfrac{15}{8}

65-\dfrac{6}{5}

00

2720\dfrac{27}{20}

12340\dfrac{123}{40}

难度评级:1820
小提示:

公差为 (xy)(x+y)=2y(x-y)-(x+y)=-2y

The common difference is (xy)(x+y)=2y(x-y)-(x+y)=-2y

大提示:

因此第三项和第四项应为 x3yx-3yx5yx-5y;令它们分别等于 xyxyxy\frac{x}{y}

So the third and fourth terms are x3yx-3y and x5y;x-5y; set these equal to xyxy and xy\frac{x}{y}

解答:

公差为 2y-2y,所以第三项和第四项应为 x3yx-3yx5yx-5y。因此 xy=x3yxy=x-3yxy=x5y\dfrac{x}{y}=x-5y

因此由 xy=x5y\dfrac{x}{y}=x-5yx=xy5y2x=xy-5y^2,再用 xy=x3yxy=x-3y3y5y2=0-3y-5y^2=0。因为 y0y\ne 0,所以 y=35y=-\dfrac35,进而 x=98x=-\dfrac98

第五项为 x7y=98+215=12340x-7y=-\dfrac98 + \dfrac{21}{5}=\dfrac{123}{40}

所以正确答案是 E

The common difference is 2y,-2y, so the third and fourth terms must be x3yx-3y and x5y.x-5y. Thus xy=x3yxy=x-3y and xy=x5y.\dfrac{x}{y}=x-5y.

From xy=x5y\dfrac{x}{y}=x-5y we get x=xy5y2,x=xy-5y^2, and substituting xy=x3yxy=x-3y gives 3y5y2=0.-3y-5y^2=0. Since y0,y\ne 0, y=35y=-\dfrac35 and then x=98.x=-\dfrac98.

The fifth term is x7y=98+215=12340.x-7y=-\dfrac98 + \dfrac{21}{5}=\dfrac{123}{40}.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

25.

有多少个不同的四位数能被 33 整除,并且最后两位是 2323

How many distinct four-digit numbers are divisible by 33 and have 2323 as their last two digits?

2727

3030

3333

8181

9090

难度评级:1400
小提示:

一个数能被 33 整除,当且仅当它的数字和能被 33 整除。

A number is divisible by 33 exactly when its digit sum is divisible by 33

大提示:

写成 ab23\overline{ab23},要求 a+b+5a+b+5 能被 33 整除,即 a+b1(mod3)a+b\equiv 1 \pmod 3

Writing the number as ab23,\overline{ab23}, require a+b+5a+b+5 divisible by 3,3, so a+b1(mod3)a+b\equiv 1 \pmod 3

解答:

将该数写成 ab23\overline{ab23}。它能被 33 整除,当且仅当数字和 a+b+2+3=a+b+5a+b+2+3=a+b+5 能被 33 整除,也就是 a+b1(mod3)a+b\equiv 1 \pmod 3

两位前缀 ab\overline{ab}10109999,共有 9090 个,其中恰好三分之一满足这个同余条件,因此共有 903=30\dfrac{90}{3}=30 个。

所以正确答案是 B

Write the number as ab23.\overline{ab23}. It is divisible by 33 when a+b+2+3=a+b+5a+b+2+3=a+b+5 is divisible by 3,3, that is, when a+b1(mod3).a+b\equiv 1 \pmod 3.

The two-digit prefix ab\overline{ab} ranges over the 9090 values from 1010 to 99,99, and exactly one third of them satisfy this, giving 903=30.\dfrac{90}{3}=30.

Thus, the correct answer is B.