2003 AMC 10B 详解
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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。
1.
下列哪一项等于
Which of the following is the same as
2.
阿尔患上了“代数病”(algebritis),每天必须服用一颗绿色药丸和一颗粉色药丸,持续两周。绿色药丸比粉色药丸贵 ,两周的药丸总费用为 。一颗绿色药丸多少钱?
Al gets the disease algebritis and must take one green pill and one pink pill each day for two weeks. A green pill costs more than a pink pill, and Al’s pills cost a total of for the two weeks. How much does one green pill cost?
小提示:
两周是 天,先求一天的药丸费用。
Two weeks is days, so find the cost of one day’s pills
大提示:
若粉色药丸价格为 ,则绿色药丸价格为 ,且 。
If a pink pill costs then the green pill costs and
解答:
每天药丸费用为 美元。设绿色药丸价格为 ,则粉色药丸价格为 ,所以 ,解得 。
所以正确答案是 D。
Each day’s pills cost dollars. If is the cost of a green pill, then the pink pill costs so Solving gives
Thus, the correct answer is D.
3.
个连续偶数的和比前 个连续正奇数的和少 。这些偶数中最小的是多少?
The sum of consecutive even integers is less than the sum of the first consecutive odd counting numbers. What is the smallest of the even integers?
4.
罗斯用不同种类的花填满她的长方形花坛中的每个长方形区域。图中给出了这些长方形区域的边长,单位为英尺。她在每个区域每平方英尺种一朵花。紫菀每朵 ,秋海棠每朵 ,美人蕉每朵 ,大丽花每朵 ,复活节百合每朵 。她的花园最少可能花多少钱?
Rose fills each of the rectangular regions of her rectangular flower bed with a different type of flower. The lengths, in feet, of the rectangular regions in her flower bed are as shown in the figure. She plants one flower per square foot in each region. Asters cost each, begonias each, cannas each, dahlias each, and Easter lilies each. What is the least possible cost, in dollars, for her garden?
小提示:
先求出五个区域各自的面积。
Find the area of each of the five regions first
大提示:
为了使费用最小,把最贵的花种在最小的区域。
To minimize cost, plant the most expensive flower in the smallest region
解答:
五个区域的面积分别为 、、、 和 平方英尺。
要使费用最小,应把最贵的花种在最小的区域,所以总费用为
所以正确答案是 A。
The five regions have areas and square feet.
Cost is minimized by placing the most expensive flower in the smallest region, so the total is
Thus, the correct answer is A.
5.
莫用割草机修剪一个 英尺乘 英尺的长方形草坪。割草机每次割出的宽度为 英寸,但为了不漏草,他每次重叠 英寸。他推割草机时的速度为每小时 英尺。下列哪个数最接近他割完整个草坪所需的小时数?
Moe uses a mower to cut his rectangular -foot by -foot lawn. The swath he cuts is inches wide, but he overlaps each cut by inches to make sure that no grass is missed. He walks at the rate of feet per hour while pushing the mower. Which of the following is closest to the number of hours it will take Moe to mow his lawn?
小提示:
有效割草宽度为 英寸,即 英尺。
The effective swath width is inches, which is feet
大提示:
用草坪面积除以莫每小时割草面积。
Divide the lawn’s area by the area Moe mows per hour
解答:
草坪面积为 平方英尺。
莫每走一英尺,有效割草宽度为 英尺,所以每小时割草面积为 平方英尺。因此所需时间为 小时。
所以正确答案是 C。
The lawn has area square feet.
Each foot Moe walks mows an effective strip feet wide, so he mows square feet per hour. The time needed is hours.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
6.
许多电视屏幕是长方形,并用对角线长度来标记尺寸。标准电视屏幕的水平长度与高度之比为 。一台“ 英寸”电视的水平长度最接近下列多少英寸?
Many television screens are rectangles that are measured by the length of their diagonals. The ratio of the horizontal length to the height in a standard television screen is The horizontal length of a “-inch” television screen is closest, in inches, to which of the following?
小提示:
长、宽和对角线的比例为 。
The length, height, and diagonal are in the ratio
大提示:
对角线对应 份且等于 ,所以水平长度是 的 。
The diagonal corresponds to parts and equals so the length is of
解答:
因为长高比为 ,长、高、对角线组成 的直角三角形。对角线长为 ,所以水平长度为 最接近 。
所以正确答案是 D。
Since the length and height are in ratio the length, height, and diagonal form a right triangle. The diagonal is so the horizontal length is which is closest to
Thus, the correct answer is D.
7.
符号 表示不超过 的最大整数。例如 ,。计算
The symbolism denotes the largest integer not exceeding For example, and Compute
8.
一个等比数列的第二项和第四项分别为 和 。下列哪个数可能是第一项?
The second and fourth terms of a geometric sequence are and Which of the following is a possible first term?
小提示:
第四项除以第二项得到 。
Dividing the fourth term by the second term gives
大提示:
由 ,第一项为 ,而 可以为负。
With the first term is and may be negative
解答:
设数列为 、、、、,其中 且 。相除得 ,所以 。
于是 。选项中对应的负值是 。
所以正确答案是 B。
Let the terms be with and Dividing gives so
Then The choice matches the negative case.
Thus, the correct answer is B.
9.
求满足下列方程的 :
Find the value of that satisfies the equation
小提示:
将每一项都改写成以 为底的幂。
Rewrite every term as a power of
大提示:
右边变为 ;令指数等于 。
The right side becomes set the exponent equal to
解答:
全部写成以 为底的幂,左边是 ,右边是 令指数相等,得到 ,所以 。
所以正确答案是 B。
Writing everything base the left side is and the right side is Setting exponents equal, so
Thus, the correct answer is B.
10.
AMC 所在的内布拉斯加州改变了车牌方案。旧车牌由一个字母后接四个数字组成;新车牌由三个字母后接三个数字组成。可能的车牌数量增加为原来的多少倍?
Nebraska, the home of the AMC, changed its license plate scheme. Each old license plate consisted of a letter followed by four digits. Each new license plate consists of three letters followed by three digits. By how many times is the number of possible license plates increased?
小提示:
用乘法原理分别计算两种方案的车牌数。
Count the plates in each scheme using the multiplication principle
大提示:
用新方案数量 除以旧方案数量 。
Divide the new count by the old count
解答:
旧方案有 种车牌,新方案有 种。增加倍数为
所以正确答案是 C。
The old scheme allows plates and the new scheme allows plates. The increase factor is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
11.
一条斜率为 的直线与一条斜率为 的直线交于点 。这两条直线的 轴截距之间的距离是多少?
A line with slope intersects a line with slope at the point What is the distance between the -intercepts of these two lines?
小提示:
分别写出过 的点斜式方程。
Write each line in point-slope form through
大提示:
在每个方程中令 ,求它们与 轴的交点。
Set in each equation to find where they cross the -axis
解答:
两条直线分别为 和 。
令 ,得到 轴截距分别为 和 。两点 与 的距离为 。
所以正确答案是 A。
The lines are and
Setting gives -intercepts and The distance between and is
Thus, the correct answer is A.
12.
阿尔、贝蒂和克莱尔将 分给三人并以不同方式投资。三人起始金额各不相同。一年后他们总共有 。贝蒂和克莱尔的钱都翻倍了,而阿尔亏了 。阿尔原来分到多少钱?
Al, Betty, and Clare split among them to be invested in different ways. Each begins with a different amount. At the end of one year they have a total of Betty and Clare have both doubled their money, whereas Al has managed to lose What was Al’s original portion?
小提示:
设阿尔、贝蒂和克莱尔的起始金额分别为 、 和 ,则 。
Let Al, Betty, and Clare start with and so
大提示:
最终总额为 ;代入 。
The final total is substitute
解答:
设三人的原始金额分别为 、 和 。则 ,且 。
将 代入第二个方程,得到 所以 。
所以正确答案是 C。
Let and be the original portions. Then and
Substituting into the second equation, so
Thus, the correct answer is C.
13.
设 表示正整数 的各位数字之和。例如 ,。有多少个两位数 满足 ?
Let denote the sum of the digits of the positive integer For example, and For how many two-digit values of is
小提示:
对两位数 ,数字和 最大为 。
When has two digits, the digit sum is at most
大提示:
当 且 时, 或 ;分别计数对应的 。
with forces or count for each
解答:
令 。因为 ,所以 ;要满足 ,只能有 或 。
数字和为 的两位数是 、 和 (共 个)。数字和为 的两位数是 、、、、、 和 (共 个)。总共有 个。
所以正确答案是 E。
Let Since we have so forces or
The two-digit numbers with digit sum are and ( of them). Those with digit sum are and ( of them). In all there are
Thus, the correct answer is E.
14.
已知 ,其中 和 都是正整数。求 的最小可能值。
Given that where both and are positive integers, find the smallest possible value for
小提示:
因为这个数被 整除但不被 整除,所以 最大只能是 。
Since but not divides the number, can be at most
大提示:
越大, 越小;试 ,把这个数写成完全平方。
The larger is, the smaller becomes; try and write the number as a perfect square
解答:
因为 必须含因子 ,而 被 整除但不被 整除,所以 。
取 ,得 ,因此 。若 ,则 ,更大。
所以正确答案是 D。
Because must be divisible by and is divisible by but not we need
Taking gives so This beats which gives
Thus, the correct answer is D.
15.
一场单打网球锦标赛有 名选手。比赛采用单败淘汰制,即输一场就被淘汰。第一轮中最强的 名选手轮空,其余 名选手配对比赛。之后每轮剩余选手继续比赛,直到只剩一名未败选手。总比赛场数
There are players in a singles tennis tournament. The tournament is single elimination, meaning that a player who loses a match is eliminated. In the first round, the strongest players are given a bye, and the remaining players are paired off to play. After each round, the remaining players play in the next round. The match continues until only one player remains unbeaten. The total number of matches played is
是质数
a prime number
能被 整除
divisible by
能被 整除
divisible by
能被 整除
divisible by
能被 整除
divisible by
小提示:
每场比赛正好淘汰一名选手。
Each match eliminates exactly one player
大提示:
除冠军外所有人都会被淘汰,所以数被淘汰的人数即可。
All but the champion are eliminated, so count the number of eliminated players
解答:
每场比赛淘汰一名选手。共有 名选手开始,除冠军外都被淘汰,所以有 场比赛。
因为 ,所以比赛场数能被 整除,而其他选项都不满足。
所以正确答案是 E。
Each match eliminates exactly one player. Since players start and all but the champion are eliminated, there are matches.
Because it is divisible by but satisfies none of the other options.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
16.
一家餐厅提供三种甜点,前菜数量正好是主菜数量的两倍。一顿晚餐由一道前菜、一道主菜和一道甜点组成。餐厅至少应提供多少种主菜,才能让顾客在 年每天晚上都吃不同的晚餐?
A restaurant offers three desserts, and exactly twice as many appetizers as main courses. A dinner consists of an appetizer, a main course, and a dessert. What is the least number of main courses that the restaurant should offer so that a customer could have a different dinner each night in the year
小提示:
若有 种主菜,则有 种前菜,总晚餐数为 。
With main courses there are appetizers, giving dinners
大提示:
年不是闰年,所以需要 。
The year is not a leap year, so require
解答:
若有 种主菜,则前菜种数是主菜的两倍,晚餐总数为 。这个数至少需要达到 。
。因为 太小,而 可行,所以 。
所以正确答案是 E。
With main courses, the number of dinners is This must be at least
So Since is too small but works,
Thus, the correct answer is E.
17.
一个冰淇淋蛋筒由一个香草冰淇淋球和一个直圆锥组成,圆锥直径与球的直径相同。若冰淇淋融化后正好装满圆锥,并假设融化后冰淇淋体积是冷冻时体积的 ,则圆锥高与半径之比是多少?(注:半径为 、高为 的圆锥体积为 ,半径为 的球体积为 。)
An ice cream cone consists of a sphere of vanilla ice cream and a right circular cone that has the same diameter as the sphere. If the ice cream melts, it will exactly fill the cone. Assume that the melted ice cream occupies of the volume of the frozen ice cream. What is the ratio of the cone’s height to its radius? (Note: A cone with radius and height has volume and a sphere with radius has volume )
18.
能整除下式的最大整数是多少?
其中 为任意正偶数。
What is the largest integer that is a divisor of
for all positive even integers
小提示:
当 为偶数时,五个因数是连续的五个奇数。
When is even, the five factors are consecutive odd numbers
大提示:
连续五个奇数中有一个是 的倍数,有一个是 的倍数;再检查没有更大的因数总是成立。
Among five consecutive odd numbers one is a multiple of and one of check no larger factor always works
解答:
当 为偶数时,这五个因数是连续五个奇数。其中至少有一个能被 整除,且恰有一个能被 整除,所以乘积总能被 整除。
要证明不存在更大的固定公因数,比较以下三种情形:这三个乘积的最大公因数恰为 ,所以能整除所有情形的整数不可能更大。
所以正确答案是 D。
When is even, the factors are five consecutive odd numbers. Among any five consecutive odd numbers, at least one is divisible by and exactly one by so the product is always divisible by
To prove that no larger fixed divisor is forced, compare three cases: The greatest common divisor of these three products is exactly so a divisor common to every case cannot be any larger.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
19.
在半径为 的半圆的直径 上构造三个半径为 的半圆。小半圆的圆心将 分成四段相等的线段,如图所示。位于大半圆内部且在较小半圆外部的阴影区域面积是多少?
Three semicircles of radius are constructed on diameter of a semicircle of radius The centers of the small semicircles divide into four line segments of equal length, as shown. What is the area of the shaded region that lies within the large semicircle but outside the smaller semicircles?
小提示:
从大半圆面积 开始。
Start with the large semicircle’s area
大提示:
相邻小半圆的重叠部分涉及 扇形和等边三角形。
The overlaps of adjacent small semicircles are sectors plus equilateral triangles
解答:
大半圆面积为 。
删去的部分等于五个半径为 的 扇形和两个边长为 的等边三角形;每个扇形面积为 ,每个等边三角形面积为 。
阴影面积为
所以正确答案是 E。
The large semicircle has area
Removing the small semicircles deletes a region equal to five congruent sectors of radius plus two equilateral triangles of side Each sector has area and each triangle has area
The shaded area is
Thus, the correct answer is E.
20.
在长方形 中,、。点 和 在 上,且 、。直线 和 交于 。求 的面积。
In rectangle and Points and are on so that and Lines and intersect at Find the area of
21.
一个袋子里有两颗红珠和两颗绿珠。每次从袋中取出一颗珠子,不论取出的是什么颜色,都放回一颗红珠。这样替换三次后,袋中所有珠子都是红色的概率是多少?
A bag contains two red beads and two green beads. You reach into the bag and pull out a bead, replacing it with a red bead regardless of the color you pulled out. What is the probability that all beads in the bag are red after three such replacements?
小提示:
最终全为红色,当且仅当三次抽取中两颗绿珠都被抽到。
All beads are red exactly when both green beads are drawn during the three draws
大提示:
分别计算抽取序列 GG、GRG、RGG 的概率,并跟踪袋中珠子数变化。
Add the probabilities of the draw sequences GG, GRG, and RGG, tracking how the counts change
解答:
袋中始终有 颗珠子。
最终全为红色,正好表示两颗绿珠都被抽到。先绿后绿的概率为 。绿、红、绿的概率为 。红、绿、绿的概率为 。
把三种情况相加,得到
所以正确答案是 C。
The bag always holds beads. All are red at the end precisely when both greens are drawn.
Drawing green then green has probability Green, red, green has probability Red, green, green has probability
The total is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
22.
一座钟每小时过 分钟时敲一次,整点时按小时数敲钟。例如下午 点敲一次,中午和午夜都敲十二次。从 年二月 日上午 开始,第 次钟声会发生在哪一天?
A clock chimes once at minutes past each hour and chimes on the hour according to the hour. For example, at PM there is one chime and at noon and midnight there are twelve chimes. Starting at AM on February on what date will the rd chime occur?
三月 日
March
三月 日
March
三月 日
March
三月 日
March
三月 日
March
小提示:
每 小时有 次半点钟声和 次整点钟声。
In each -hour period there are half-hour chimes and hour chimes
大提示:
一整天有 次钟声;从二月 日上午 之后开始累计。
A full day has chimes; count how many occur after AM on Feb and accumulate by day
解答:
每 小时有 次钟声,所以每天有 次钟声。
从二月 日上午 之后,到当天结束有 次钟声。之后每天增加 次,到三月 日结束时累计达到 次。
剩余钟声发生在三月 日;第 次钟声是当天第 次钟声,发生在三月 日下午 。
所以正确答案是 B。
Each -hour period has chimes, so each full day has
After AM on February the rest of that day has chimes. Adding for each following full day, the count reaches by the end of March
The remaining chimes fall on March the rd chime is the th chime of that day, occurring at PM on March
Thus, the correct answer is B.
23.
正八边形 的面积为一平方单位。长方形 的面积是多少?
A regular octagon has an area of one square unit. What is the area of the rectangle
小提示:
设 是八边形中心,也是长方形 对角线的交点。
Let be the center of the octagon, where the diagonals of meet
大提示:
三角形 是组成八边形的八个全等三角形之一。
Triangle is one of the eight congruent triangles making up the octagon
解答:
设 是中心。八边形可由 分成 个全等三角形,所以 的面积为 。
由于 是 的中点,三角形 与 面积相等,所以 面积为 。长方形 的面积是它的两倍,即 。
所以正确答案是 D。
Let be the center. The octagon splits into congruent triangles from so has area
Since is the midpoint of triangles and have equal area, so has area The rectangle is twice this, namely
Thus, the correct answer is D.
24.
一个等差数列的前四项依次为 、、、。第五项是多少?
The first four terms in an arithmetic sequence are and in that order. What is the fifth term?
小提示:
公差为 。
The common difference is
大提示:
因此第三项和第四项应为 与 ;令它们分别等于 和 。
So the third and fourth terms are and set these equal to and
解答:
公差为 ,所以第三项和第四项应为 和 。因此 且 。
因此由 得 ,再用 得 。因为 ,所以 ,进而 。
第五项为 。
所以正确答案是 E。
The common difference is so the third and fourth terms must be and Thus and
From we get and substituting gives Since and then
The fifth term is
Thus, the correct answer is E.
25.
有多少个不同的四位数能被 整除,并且最后两位是 ?
How many distinct four-digit numbers are divisible by and have as their last two digits?
小提示:
一个数能被 整除,当且仅当它的数字和能被 整除。
A number is divisible by exactly when its digit sum is divisible by
大提示:
写成 ,要求 能被 整除,即 。
Writing the number as require divisible by so
解答:
将该数写成 。它能被 整除,当且仅当数字和 能被 整除,也就是 。
两位前缀 从 到 ,共有 个,其中恰好三分之一满足这个同余条件,因此共有 个。
所以正确答案是 B。
Write the number as It is divisible by when is divisible by that is, when
The two-digit prefix ranges over the values from to and exactly one third of them satisfy this, giving
Thus, the correct answer is B.