2025 AMC 12A Problem 10

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Concepts:arcquadratic

Difficulty rating: 1530

10.

In the figure shown below, major arc ADAD and minor arc BCBC have the same center, O.O. Also, AA lies between OO and B,B, and DD lies between OO and C.C. Major arc AD,AD, minor arc BC,BC, and each of the two segments ABAB and CDCD have length 2π.2\pi.

What is the distance from OO to A?A?

11

1π+1+π21 - \pi + \sqrt{1 + \pi^2}

12π\dfrac{1}{2}\pi

121+π2\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{1 + \pi^2}

22

Solution:

Let R1=OA=ODR_1 = OA = OD and R2=OB=OC,R_2 = OB = OC, and let α=AOD=BOC\alpha = \angle AOD = \angle BOC (the rays coincide). The minor arc BCBC has length R2α=2π,R_2\alpha = 2\pi, and the major arc ADAD is the reflex arc, so R1(2πα)=2π.R_1(2\pi - \alpha) = 2\pi.

Each segment AB=CD=R2R1=2π.AB = CD = R_2 - R_1 = 2\pi.

From the first two equations, R2=2παR_2 = \dfrac{2\pi}{\alpha} and R1=2π2πα.R_1 = \dfrac{2\pi}{2\pi - \alpha}. Substituting into R2R1=2πR_2 - R_1 = 2\pi and dividing by 2π2\pi gives 1α12πα=1,\frac{1}{\alpha} - \frac{1}{2\pi - \alpha} = 1, which simplifies to α22(1+π)α+2π=0.\alpha^2 - 2(1+\pi)\alpha + 2\pi = 0.

The smaller root is α=(1+π)1+π2.\alpha = (1+\pi) - \sqrt{1+\pi^2}. Then R1=2π2πα=2ππ1+1+π2=1π+1+π2,R_1 = \frac{2\pi}{2\pi - \alpha} = \frac{2\pi}{\pi - 1 + \sqrt{1+\pi^2}} = 1 - \pi + \sqrt{1+\pi^2}, after rationalizing (the denominator times 1+π2(π1)\sqrt{1+\pi^2} - (\pi-1) equals 2π2\pi).

Thus, the correct answer is B.

Problem 10 in Other Years