2019 AMC 12B Problem 15

Attempt Problem 15 of the 2019 AMC 12B below, then check your answer against the professionally curated solution from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 2019 AMC 12B solutions, or check the answer key.

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15.

As shown in the figure, line segment AD\overline{AD} is trisected by points BB and CC so that AB=BC=CD=2.AB=BC=CD=2. Three semicircles of radius 1,1, AEB,AEB, BFC,BFC, and CGD,CGD, have their diameters on AD,\overline{AD}, and are tangent to line EGEG at E,E, F,F, and G,G, respectively. A circle of radius 22 has its center on F.F. The area of the region inside the circle but outside the three semicircles, shaded in the figure, can be expressed in the form

abπc+d, \dfrac{a}{b}\cdot\pi-\sqrt{c}+d,

where a,a, b,b, c,c, and dd are positive integers and aa and bb are relatively prime. What is a+b+c+d?a+b+c+d?

1313

1414

1515

1616

1717

Answer: E
Concepts:circle areaarea decompositioncoordinate geometry
Difficulty rating: 1830
Small Hint:

Place F=(3,1);F=(3,1); the circle of radius 22 then passes through EE and G,G, and the middle semicircle lies entirely inside it

Big Hint:

Subtract from the circle’s area the parts of the three semicircles that fall inside it

Solution:

Put A=(0,0),A=(0,0),  B=(2,0),\ B=(2,0),  C=(4,0),\ C=(4,0),  D=(6,0),\ D=(6,0), so the semicircles are centered at (1,0),(3,0),(5,0)(1,0),(3,0),(5,0) and their tops are E=(1,1),E=(1,1),  F=(3,1),\ F=(3,1),  G=(5,1).\ G=(5,1). The circle has center F=(3,1)F=(3,1) and radius 2,2, so it passes through EE and G,G, and has area 4π.4\pi.

The middle semicircle BFCBFC lies entirely inside the circle, removing area π2.\dfrac{\pi}{2}. For the left semicircle, the overlap starts at EE and includes its right-hand quarter-circle, except for the region below the large circle. The large circle meets the xx-axis at x=33.x=3-\sqrt3. The excluded area is I=1331dx1334(x3)2dx=232π3. \begin{aligned} I &=\int_1^{3-\sqrt3}1\,dx\\ &\quad-\int_1^{3-\sqrt3} \sqrt{4-(x-3)^2}\,dx\\ &=2-\dfrac{\sqrt3}{2}-\dfrac{\pi}{3}. \end{aligned} Therefore the overlap has area R=π4I=7π122+32. \begin{aligned} R&=\dfrac{\pi}{4}-I\\ &=\dfrac{7\pi}{12}-2+\dfrac{\sqrt3}{2}. \end{aligned} By symmetry, the right semicircle contributes the same overlap.

The shaded area is 4ππ22R=73π3+4. 4\pi-\dfrac{\pi}{2}-2R=\dfrac{7}{3}\pi-\sqrt3+4. Hence a=7, b=3, c=3, d=4,a=7,\ b=3,\ c=3,\ d=4, so a+b+c+d=17.a+b+c+d=17.

Thus, E is the correct answer.

Problem 14#14
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