2019 AMC 12B Problem 10

Attempt Problem 10 of the 2019 AMC 12B below, then check your answer against the professionally curated solution from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 2019 AMC 12B solutions, or check the answer key.

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10.

The figure below is a map showing 1212 cities and 1717 roads connecting certain pairs of cities. Paula wishes to travel along exactly 1313 of those roads, starting at city AA and ending at city L,L, without traveling along any portion of a road more than once. (Paula is allowed to visit a city more than once.) How many different routes can Paula take?

00

11

22

33

44

Answer: E
Concepts:graph theoryparitycasework
Difficulty rating: 1640
Solution:

Name the four cities in the top row A,B,C,D,A,B,C,D, those in the middle row E,F,G,H,E,F,G,H, and those in the bottom row I,J,K,L.I,J,K,L. A route using 1313 roads is an open Euler trail, so in the used graph exactly AA and LL have odd degree.

In the full map, the vertices whose degree parity must change are A,B,C,E,H,J,K,L.A,B,C,E,H,J,K,L. Because only 44 roads are removed, those roads must pair these 88 vertices. Among them, EE is adjacent only to A,A, forcing AEAE to be removed; then BCBC is forced. Similarly HH is adjacent only to L,L, forcing HL,HL, and then JK.JK.

The remaining graph is a chain ABF,FEIJF,FG,GCDHG,GKL. \begin{gathered} A-B-F,\\ F-E-I-J-F,\\ F-G,\\ G-C-D-H-G,\\ G-K-L. \end{gathered} Each of the two 44-cycles can be traversed in either direction, and everything else is forced. Hence there are 22=42\cdot2=4 routes.

Thus, E is the correct answer.

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