2011 AMC 12B Problem 21

Attempt Problem 21 of the 2011 AMC 12B below, then check your answer against the professionally curated solution from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 2011 AMC 12B solutions, or check the answer key.

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21.

The arithmetic mean of two distinct positive integers xx and yy is a two-digit integer. The geometric mean of xx and yy is obtained by reversing the digits of the arithmetic mean. What is xy?|x-y|?

2424

4848

5454

6666

7070

Answer: D
Concepts:difference of squaresperfect squaredigits
Difficulty rating: 2180
Small Hint:

Write the arithmetic mean as 10a+b10a+b and the geometric mean as 10b+a10b+a

Big Hint:

Compute (xy)2=(x+y)24xy;(x-y)^2=(x+y)^2-4xy; it factors as 396(a+b)(ab)396(a+b)(a-b)

Solution:

Let the arithmetic mean be 10a+b10a+b and the geometric mean be 10b+a.10b+a. Then x+y=2(10a+b)x+y=2(10a+b) and xy=(10b+a)2.xy=(10b+a)^2.

Therefore (xy)2=(x+y)24xy=396(a2b2)=1162(a+b)(ab). \begin{aligned} (x-y)^2 &=(x+y)^2-4xy \\ &=396(a^2-b^2) \\ &=11\cdot6^2 \\ &\quad {}\cdot(a+b)(a-b). \end{aligned} Since the arithmetic mean exceeds the geometric mean for distinct positive numbers, a>b.a>b. Put u=abu=a-b and v=a+b.v=a+b. Then 1u91\le u\le9 and 1v17.1\le v\le17. For 11uv11uv to be a square, uvuv must contain an odd power of 11.11. Therefore v=11,v=11, because u<11u<11 and v<22.v<22. Now 11uv=121u11uv=121u is a square, so uu is a square. Also uu and vv have the same parity, leaving u=1u=1 or 9.9. The latter gives a=10,a=10, not a digit, so u=1u=1 and (a,b)=(6,5).(a,b)=(6,5).

Then (xy)2=116211=662,(x-y)^2=11\cdot6^2\cdot11=66^2, so xy=66.|x-y|=66. (Indeed {x,y}={32,98}.\{x,y\}=\{32,98\}.)

Thus, the correct answer is D.

Problem 20#20
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