1999 AMC 12 Problem 29

Attempt Problem 29 of the 1999 AMC 12 below, then check your answer against the professionally curated solution from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 1999 AMC 12 solutions, or check the answer key.

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29.

A tetrahedron with four equilateral triangular faces has a sphere inscribed within it and a sphere circumscribed about it. For each of the four faces, there is a sphere tangent externally to the face at its center and to the circumscribed sphere. A point PP is selected at random inside the circumscribed sphere. The probability that PP lies inside one of the five small spheres is closest to

00

0.10.1

0.20.2

0.30.3

0.40.4

Answer: C
Concepts:3D geometryspheregeometric probabilityvolume
Difficulty rating: 2380
Solution:

Let OO be the common center of the inscribed and circumscribed spheres. Splitting the tetrahedron into four congruent pieces from OO shows the circumradius is 33 times the inradius, so the circumscribed sphere has 2727 times the inscribed sphere's volume V.V.

If one of the four other small spheres has radius s,s, its center is r+sr+s from OO and also 3rs3r-s from O,O, so s=r.s=r. These five spheres have disjoint interiors (the central sphere is tangent to each of the other four), so their union has volume 5V.5V. The probability is 5V27V=5270.185,\dfrac{5V}{27V} = \dfrac{5}{27} \approx 0.185, closest to 0.2.0.2.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

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