2016 AMC 10A Problem 21

Below is the professionally curated solution for Problem 21 of the 2016 AMC 10A, from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 2016 AMC 10A solutions, or check the answer key.

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Concepts:tangent circlesPythagorean Theoremtrapezoid

Difficulty rating: 1970

21.

Circles with centers P,QP, Q and R,R, having radii 1,21, 2 and 3,3, respectively, lie on the same side of line ll and are tangent to ll at P,QP', Q' and R,R', respectively, with QQ' between PP' and R.R'. The circle with center QQ is externally tangent to each of the other two circles. What is the area of triangle PQR?\triangle PQR?

00

23\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{3}}

11

62\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{2}

32\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{2}}

Solution:

Using the Pythagorean theorem, we get that PQ=3212=22 P'Q' = \sqrt{3^2 - 1^2} = 2\sqrt{2} and QR=5212=26. Q'R' = \sqrt{5^2 - 1^2} = 2\sqrt{6}.

This follows from PQ=1+2=3PQ = 1 + 2 = 3 and QR=2+3=5.QR = 2 + 3 = 5. The heights of the triangles are also just 1.1.

Then, we get that [QQPP]=12(1+2)22 [Q'QPP'] = \dfrac{1}{2}(1 + 2)2\sqrt{2}=32. = 3\sqrt{2}.

We also get that [RRQQ]=12(2+3)26 [R'RQQ'] = \dfrac{1}{2}(2 + 3)2\sqrt{6}=56. = 5\sqrt{6}.

Finally, we have that [RRPP]= [R'RPP'] =12(1+3)(22+26) \dfrac{1}{2}(1 + 3)(2\sqrt{2} + 2\sqrt{6})=42+46. = 4\sqrt{2} + 4\sqrt{6}.

Now, we can express [PQR][PQR] as [QQPP]+[RRQQ] [Q'QPP'] + [R'RQQ'][RRPP]. - [R'RPP'].

This evaluates to 32+564246 3\sqrt{2} + 5\sqrt{6} - 4\sqrt{2} - 4\sqrt{6} =62. = \sqrt{6} - \sqrt{2}.

Thus, the correct answer is D .

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