2023 AIME II Problem 3

Below is the professionally curated solution for Problem 3 of the 2023 AIME II, from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 2023 AIME II solutions, or check the answer key.

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Concepts:angle chasinglaw of sinestrigonometry

Difficulty rating: 2460

3.

Let ABC\triangle ABC be an isosceles triangle with A=90.\angle A = 90^\circ. There exists a point PP inside ABC\triangle ABC such that PAB=PBC=PCA\angle PAB = \angle PBC = \angle PCA and AP=10.AP = 10. Find the area of ABC.\triangle ABC.

Solution:

Let ω\omega denote the common angle and L=AB=AC.L = AB = AC. Since PAB=ω,\angle PAB = \omega, we have PAC=90ω,\angle PAC = 90^\circ - \omega, and with PCA=ω\angle PCA = \omega the angles of triangle APCAPC give APC=90.\angle APC = 90^\circ. Hence in right triangle APC,APC, L=AC=APsinω=10sinω.L = AC = \frac{AP}{\sin\omega} = \frac{10}{\sin\omega}.

In triangle ABP,ABP, the angle at AA is ω\omega and the angle at BB is 45ω,45^\circ - \omega, so APB=135.\angle APB = 135^\circ. The law of sines gives APsin(45ω)=ABsin135,\frac{AP}{\sin(45^\circ - \omega)} = \frac{AB}{\sin 135^\circ}, that is, 10sin135=Lsin(45ω).10 \sin 135^\circ = L \sin(45^\circ - \omega). Substituting L=10sinωL = \frac{10}{\sin\omega} and expanding yields sinω=2sin(45ω)=cosωsinω,\sin\omega = \sqrt{2}\,\sin(45^\circ - \omega) = \cos\omega - \sin\omega, so tanω=12\tan\omega = \frac{1}{2} and sin2ω=15.\sin^2\omega = \frac{1}{5}.

Therefore L2=100sin2ω=500,L^2 = \frac{100}{\sin^2\omega} = 500, and the area is 12L2=250.\frac{1}{2}L^2 = 250.

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