2022 AIME II Problem 7

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Concepts:tangent circlestangent linesimilarity

Difficulty rating: 2510

7.

A circle with radius 66 is externally tangent to a circle with radius 24.24. Find the area of the triangular region bounded by the three common tangent lines of these two circles.

Solution:

The centers O1O_1 (radius 2424) and O2O_2 (radius 66) are 3030 apart. The two external tangents meet at a point PP on line O1O2O_1O_2 beyond the small circle, with PO1PO2=246=4.\frac{PO_1}{PO_2} = \frac{24}{6} = 4. Combined with PO1PO2=30,PO_1 - PO_2 = 30, this gives PO1=40PO_1 = 40 and PO2=10.PO_2 = 10. Each external tangent makes angle θ\theta with the center line, where sinθ=2440=35,\sin\theta = \frac{24}{40} = \frac{3}{5}, so tanθ=34.\tan\theta = \frac{3}{4}.

The third common tangent is the tangent at the point of tangency T,T, which is perpendicular to O1O2O_1O_2 at distance 2424 from O1.O_1. The triangle bounded by the three tangents has apex PP and base on this line, with height PT=4024=16PT = 40 - 24 = 16 and half-base 16tanθ=12.16\tan\theta = 12.

Its area is 122416=192.\frac{1}{2} \cdot 24 \cdot 16 = 192.

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