2003 AIME II Problem 7

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7.

Find the area of rhombus ABCDABCD given that the radii of the circles circumscribed around triangles ABDABD and ACDACD are 12.512.5 and 25,25, respectively.

Answer: 400
Concepts:rhombuslaw of sinescircumcircle, circumcenter, and circumradius
Difficulty rating: 2560
Solution:

Let ss be the side length and α=BAC\alpha = \angle BAC (the diagonal ACAC bisects angle AA). The diagonals then have lengths AC=2scosαAC = 2s\cos\alpha and BD=2ssinα.BD = 2s\sin\alpha. In triangle ABD,ABD, side BDBD subtends the angle BAD=2α,\angle BAD = 2\alpha, so the extended law of sines gives 12.5=R1=BD2sin2α=2ssinα4sinαcosα=s2cosα. \begin{aligned} 12.5 = R_1 &= \frac{BD}{2\sin 2\alpha} \\ &= \frac{2s\sin\alpha}{4\sin\alpha\cos\alpha} \\ &= \frac{s}{2\cos\alpha}. \end{aligned} In triangle ACD,ACD, side ACAC subtends ADC=1802α,\angle ADC = 180^\circ - 2\alpha, so similarly 25=R2=s2sinα.25 = R_2 = \frac{s}{2\sin\alpha}.

Dividing, tanα=R1R2=12,\tan\alpha = \frac{R_1}{R_2} = \frac{1}{2}, so sinα=15\sin\alpha = \frac{1}{\sqrt{5}} and cosα=25.\cos\alpha = \frac{2}{\sqrt{5}}. Then s=2R2sinα=505=105.s = 2R_2\sin\alpha = \frac{50}{\sqrt{5}} = 10\sqrt{5}.

The area is half the product of the diagonals: 122scosα2ssinα=2s2sinαcosα=250025=400. \begin{aligned} &\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2s\cos\alpha \cdot 2s\sin\alpha \\ &= 2s^2\sin\alpha\cos\alpha \\ &= 2 \cdot 500 \cdot \frac{2}{5} = 400. \end{aligned}

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