2023 AMC 8 第 25 题

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25.

十五个整数 a1a_1a2a_2a3a_3\cdotsa15a_{15} 按顺序排列在数轴上。这些整数等距排列,并满足以下条件:

1a110 1 \leq a_1 \leq 10\text{,}

13a220 13 \leq a_2 \leq 20\text{,}

以及

241a15250 241 \leq a_{15} \leq 250\text{。}

a14a_{14} 的各位数字之和是多少?

Fifteen integers a1,a_1, a2,a_2, a3,a_3, ,\cdots, a15a_{15} are arranged in order on a number line. The integers are equally spaced and have the property that

1a110, 1 \leq a_1 \leq 10,

13a220, 13 \leq a_2 \leq 20,

and

241a15250. 241 \leq a_{15} \leq 250.

What is the sum of the digits of a14?a_{14}?

88

99

1010

1111

1212

答案:A
知识点:等差数列极限情形界定数字
难度评级:1950
小提示:

设公差为 dd

Let dd be the common difference

大提示:

a1a_1a15a_{15} 的最大范围来限制 dd

Use the widest possible bounds for a1a_1 and a15a_{15} to force dd

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文字解答:

设公差为 dd。将 a1a_1 取其最大可能值 1010,将 a15a_{15} 取其最小可能值 241241,可得 d2411014=16.5 d \geq \dfrac{241 - 10}{14} = 16.5\text{。}因为所有数都是整数,所以 dd 至少为 1717

a1a_1 取其最小可能值 11,将 a15a_{15} 取其最大可能值 250250,可得 d25011417.8 d \leq \dfrac{250 - 1}{14} \approx 17.8\text{。}因为所有数都是整数,所以 dd 至多为 1717。因此 d=17d=17

注意 1714=23817 \cdot 14 = 238。由于 a15a_{15} 至少为 241241,所以 a1a_1 至少为 33

另一方面,如果 a1a_1 大于 33,那么 a2=a1+17a_2=a_1+17 就会大于 2020,不符合条件。

所以 a1=3a_1 = 3,且 d=17d = 17。于是 a14=3+1317=224 a_{14} = 3 + 13 \cdot 17 = 224\text{。}

数字和为 2+2+4=82 + 2 + 4 = 8\text{。}

所以正确答案是 A

Let dd be the common difference. Using the largest possible value 1010 for a1a_1 and the smallest possible value 241241 for a15,a_{15}, we have d2411014=16.5. d \geq \dfrac{241 - 10}{14} = 16.5. Since all the numbers are integers, dd must be at least 17.17.

Using the smallest possible value 11 for a1a_1 and the largest possible value 250250 for a15,a_{15}, we have d25011417.8. d \leq \dfrac{250 - 1}{14} \approx 17.8. Since all the numbers are integers, dd is at most 17.17. Therefore, d=17.d=17.

Note that 1714=238.17 \cdot 14 = 238. Since a15a_{15} is at least 241,241, a1a_1 must be at least 3.3.

On the other hand, if a1a_1 were greater than 3,3, then a2=a1+17a_2=a_1+17 would be greater than 20,20, which is not allowed.

Now we know that a1=3a_1 = 3 and d=17.d = 17. This tells us that a14=3+1317=224. a_{14} = 3 + 13 \cdot 17 = 224.

Therefore, sum of the digits is 2+2+4=8.2 + 2 + 4 = 8.

Thus, A is the correct answer.

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