1996 AMC 8 详解

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

1.

3636 的正因数中,有多少个也是 44 的倍数?

How many positive factors of 3636 are also multiples of 4?4?

22

33

44

55

66

知识点:因数倍数
难度评级:560
小提示:

列出 3636 的所有正因数。

List the positive factors of 3636

大提示:

在这些因数中,只保留能被 44 整除的数。

Among those factors, keep only the ones divisible by 44

解答:

3636 的正因数是 112233446699121218183636。其中只有 441212363644 的倍数。

所以正确答案是 B

The positive factors of 3636 are 1,1, 2,2, 3,3, 4,4, 6,6, 9,9, 12,12, 18,18, and 36.36. Of these, only 4,4, 12,12, and 3636 are multiples of 4.4.

Thus, the correct answer is B .

2.

何塞、翠和卡里姆都从数 1010 开始。何塞把数 1010 减去 11,把答案加倍,然后加 22。翠把数 1010 加倍,把答案减去 11,然后加 22。卡里姆把数 1010 减去 11,给答案加 22,然后把结果加倍。谁得到的最终答案最大?

José, Thuy, and Kareem each start with the number 10.10. José subtracts 11 from the number 10,10, doubles his answer, and then adds 2.2. Thuy doubles the number 10,10, subtracts 11 from her answer, and then adds 2.2. Kareem subtracts 11 from the number 10,10, adds 22 to his answer, and then doubles the result. Who gets the largest final answer?

何塞

José

Thuy

卡里姆

Kareem

何塞和翠

José and Thuy

翠和卡里姆

Thuy and Kareem

知识点:运算顺序
难度评级:730
小提示:

1010 开始,按顺序计算每个人的三个步骤。

Work out each person’s three steps in order, beginning with 1010

大提示:

步骤顺序很重要;注意谁最后才加倍,因此他加的 22 也会被加倍。

The order of the steps matters; notice who doubles last, so the 22 they added also gets doubled

解答:

1010 开始,何塞依次得到 9918182020;翠依次得到 202019192121;卡里姆依次得到 9911112222

卡里姆最后加倍,所以他加上的 22 也被加倍,得到最大结果。

所以正确答案是 C

Starting from 10,10, José computes 9,9, 18,18, 20;20; Thuy computes 20,20, 19,19, 21;21; and Kareem computes 9,9, 11,11, 22.22.

Kareem doubles last, so the 22 he adds is doubled too, giving the largest result.

Thus, the correct answer is C .

3.

6464 个整数,从 116464,分别写在一个有 88 行、每行 88 格的棋盘上,共有 6464 个小方格。前 88 个数按顺序写在第一行,接下来的 88 个写在第二行,依此类推。写完全部 6464 个数后,四个角上的数之和是

The 6464 whole numbers from 11 through 6464 are written, one per square, on a checkerboard (an 88 by 88 array of 6464 squares). The first 88 numbers are written in order across the first row, the next 88 across the second row, and so on. After all 6464 numbers are written, the sum of the numbers in the four corners will be

130130

131131

132132

133133

134134

知识点:等差数列
难度评级:560
小提示:

第一行是 1188;最后一行是 57576464

The first row holds 11 through 8;8; the last row holds 5757 through 6464

大提示:

四个角是最上行和最下行的第一个数与最后一个数。

The four corners are the first and last numbers of the top row and of the bottom row

解答:

第一行是 1,2,,81, 2, \ldots, 8,最后一行是 57,58,,6457, 58, \ldots, 64。四个角上的数是 118857576464

它们的和是 1+8+57+64=1301 + 8 + 57 + 64 = 130

所以正确答案是 A

The first row is 1,2,,81, 2, \ldots, 8 and the last row is 57,58,,64.57, 58, \ldots, 64. The four corners are 1,1, 8,8, 57,57, and 64.64.

Their sum is 1+8+57+64=130.1 + 8 + 57 + 64 = 130.

Thus, the correct answer is A .

4.

下列表达式的值是多少?

2+4+6++343+6+9++51\frac{2 + 4 + 6 + \cdots + 34}{3 + 6 + 9 + \cdots + 51}

What is the value of the following expression?

2+4+6++343+6+9++51\frac{2 + 4 + 6 + \cdots + 34}{3 + 6 + 9 + \cdots + 51}

13\dfrac{1}{3}

23\dfrac{2}{3}

32\dfrac{3}{2}

173\dfrac{17}{3}

343\dfrac{34}{3}

难度评级:800
小提示:

从分子提出 22,从分母提出 33

Factor 22 out of the numerator and 33 out of the denominator

大提示:

两个和都会变成同一个 1+2++171 + 2 + \cdots + 17 的倍数。

Both sums become the same multiple of 1+2++171 + 2 + \cdots + 17

解答:

分子是 2(1+2++17)2(1 + 2 + \cdots + 17),分母是 3(1+2++17)3(1 + 2 + \cdots + 17)

共同因子约去后,剩下 23\dfrac{2}{3}

所以正确答案是 B

The numerator is 2(1+2++17)2(1 + 2 + \cdots + 17) and the denominator is 3(1+2++17).3(1 + 2 + \cdots + 17).

The common factor cancels, leaving 23.\dfrac{2}{3}.

Thus, the correct answer is B .

5.

字母 PPQQRRSSTT 表示数轴上所示位置的数。

下列哪个表达式表示负数?

The letters P,P, Q,Q, R,R, S,S, and TT represent numbers located on the number line as shown.

Which of the following expressions represents a negative number?

PQP - Q

PQP \cdot Q

SQP\dfrac{S}{Q} \cdot P

RPQ\dfrac{R}{P \cdot Q}

S+TR\dfrac{S + T}{R}

难度评级:820
小提示:

从数轴上看,PPQQ 是负数,RRSSTT 是正数。

From the number line, PP and QQ are negative while R,R, S,S, and TT are positive

大提示:

乘积或商只有在负因子个数为奇数时才为负;逐项检查。

A product or quotient is negative only with an odd number of negative factors; check each choice

解答:

从数轴上看,PPQQ 是负数,而 RRSSTT 是正数。

PQP \cdot Q 为正;SQP\dfrac{S}{Q} \cdot P 有两个负因子,所以为正;RPQ\dfrac{R}{P \cdot Q} 为正;S+TR\dfrac{S + T}{R} 也为正。因为 PPQQ 左边,所以 PQP - Q 为负。

所以正确答案是 A

From the number line, PP and QQ are negative and R,R, S,S, and TT are positive.

Then PQP \cdot Q is positive; SQP\dfrac{S}{Q} \cdot P has two negative factors, so it is positive; RPQ\dfrac{R}{P \cdot Q} is positive; and S+TR\dfrac{S + T}{R} is positive. Since PP is to the left of Q,Q, PQP - Q is negative.

Thus, the correct answer is A .

6.

通过下面过程可以得到的最小结果是多少?

• 从集合 {3,5,7,11,13,17}\{3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17\} 中选择三个不同的数。

• 把其中两个数相加。

• 用所得的和乘以第三个数。

What is the smallest result that can be obtained by the following process?

• Choose three different numbers from the set {3,5,7,11,13,17}.\{3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17\}.

• Add two of these numbers.

• Multiply their sum by the third number.

1515

3030

3636

5050

5656

难度评级:820
小提示:

要使结果小,使用三个最小的数 335577

To keep the result small, use the three smallest numbers 3,3, 5,5, and 77

大提示:

最小的数应作为乘数,因为它对和的放大最小。

The smallest number should be the multiplier, since it scales the sum the least

解答:

使用三个最小的数 335577。可能结果为 3(5+7)=363(5 + 7) = 365(3+7)=505(3 + 7) = 507(3+5)=567(3 + 5) = 56

让最小的数作为乘数得到最小结果 3636

所以正确答案是 C

Use the three smallest numbers 3,3, 5,5, and 7.7. The choices are 3(5+7)=36,3(5 + 7) = 36, 5(3+7)=50,5(3 + 7) = 50, and 7(3+5)=56.7(3 + 5) = 56.

Making the smallest number the multiplier gives the least result, 36.36.

Thus, the correct answer is C .

7.

Brent 的金鱼每月变为原来的四倍,Gretel 的金鱼每月变为原来的两倍。如果某一时刻 Brent 有 44 条金鱼,而 Gretel 有 128128 条金鱼,那么从那时起多少个月后,他们会有相同数量的金鱼?

Brent has goldfish that quadruple (become four times as many) every month, and Gretel has goldfish that double every month. If Brent has 44 goldfish at the same time that Gretel has 128128 goldfish, then in how many months from that time will they have the same number of goldfish?

44

55

66

77

88

知识点:等比数列指数
难度评级:860
小提示:

每个月 Brent 的数量乘以 44,Gretel 的数量乘以 22

Each month Brent’s count multiplies by 44 and Gretel’s by 22

大提示:

Gretel 与 Brent 的数量比一开始是 128:4=32128 : 4 = 32,之后每个月减半。

The ratio of Gretel’s to Brent’s count starts at 128:4=32128 : 4 = 32 and halves each month

解答:

Brent 的数量依次为 44161664642562561024102440964096,Gretel 的数量依次为 128128256256512512102410242048204840964096

55 个月后,两人都有 40964096 条。

所以正确答案是 B

Brent’s counts are 4,4, 16,16, 64,64, 256,256, 1024,1024, 4096,4096, and Gretel’s are 128,128, 256,256, 512,512, 1024,1024, 2048,2048, 4096.4096.

They are equal after 55 months, when both have 4096.4096.

Thus, the correct answer is B .

8.

AABB 相距 1010 个单位。点 BBCC 相距 44 个单位。点 CCDD 相距 33 个单位。如果 AADD 尽可能接近,那么它们之间相距多少个单位?

Points AA and BB are 1010 units apart. Points BB and CC are 44 units apart. Points CC and DD are 33 units apart. If AA and DD are as close as possible, then the number of units between them is

00

33

99

1111

1717

知识点:最优化
难度评级:930
小提示:

把所有点放在一条直线上,并让 CCDDAA 的方向折回。

Place all the points on one line so that CC and DD are pulled back toward AA

大提示:

当四点共线时,AD=ABBCCDAD = AB - BC - CD

With everything collinear, AD=ABBCCDAD = AB - BC - CD

解答:

距离最小时,四点共线并且 CCDDAA 的方向排列:取 A=0A = 0B=10B = 10C=6C = 6D=3D = 3

因此 AD=1043=3AD = 10 - 4 - 3 = 3

所以正确答案是 B

The distance is smallest when the points are collinear with CC and DD toward A:A: take A=0,A = 0, B=10,B = 10, C=6,C = 6, D=3.D = 3.

Then AD=1043=3.AD = 10 - 4 - 3 = 3.

Thus, the correct answer is B .

9.

如果某数的 55 倍是 22,那么这个数的倒数的 100100 倍是

If 55 times a number is 2,2, then 100100 times the reciprocal of the number is

2.52.5

4040

5050

250250

500500

知识点:一次方程分数
难度评级:730
小提示:

这个数满足 5n=25n = 2,所以 n=25n = \dfrac{2}{5}

The number satisfies 5n=2,5n = 2, so n=25n = \dfrac{2}{5}

大提示:

25\dfrac{2}{5} 的倒数是 52\dfrac{5}{2};再乘以 100100

The reciprocal of 25\dfrac{2}{5} is 52;\dfrac{5}{2}; multiply it by 100100

解答:

这个数是 25\dfrac{2}{5},其倒数是 52\dfrac{5}{2}

因此 10052=250100 \cdot \dfrac{5}{2} = 250

所以正确答案是 D

The number is 25,\dfrac{2}{5}, whose reciprocal is 52.\dfrac{5}{2}.

Then 10052=250.100 \cdot \dfrac{5}{2} = 250.

Thus, the correct answer is D .

10.

Walter 开到加油泵前时,注意到油箱是 18\dfrac18 满。他用 $10\$10 买了 7.57.5 加仑汽油。加完后,油箱变为 58\dfrac58 满。这个油箱装满时能容纳多少加仑汽油?

When Walter drove up to the gasoline pump, he noticed that his gasoline tank was 18\dfrac18 full. He purchased 7.57.5 gallons of gasoline for $10.\$10. With this additional gasoline, his gasoline tank was then 58\dfrac58 full. The number of gallons of gasoline his tank holds when it is full is

8.758.75

1010

11.511.5

1515

22.522.5

知识点:分数比与比例
难度评级:860
小提示:

18\dfrac18 满到 58\dfrac58 满,增加了 12\dfrac12 个油箱。

Going from 18\dfrac18 to 58\dfrac58 full is an increase of 12\dfrac12 of a tank

大提示:

如果半个油箱是 7.57.5 加仑,那么一个满油箱是它的两倍。

If half a tank is 7.57.5 gallons, double it for a full tank

解答:

增加量是 5818=12\dfrac58 - \dfrac18 = \dfrac12 个油箱,对应 7.57.5 加仑。

因此满油箱容量为 27.5=152 \cdot 7.5 = 15 加仑。

所以正确答案是 D

The increase is 5818=12\dfrac58 - \dfrac18 = \dfrac12 of a tank, which equals 7.57.5 gallons.

So a full tank holds 27.5=152 \cdot 7.5 = 15 gallons.

Thus, the correct answer is D .

11.

xx 为数

0.0000000011996 个零0.\underbrace{0000\ldots00001}_{1996 \text{ 个零}}\text{,}

其中小数点后有 19961996 个零。下列哪个表达式表示最大的数?

Let xx be the number

0.0000000011996 zeros,0.\underbrace{0000\ldots00001}_{1996 \text{ zeros}},

where there are 19961996 zeros after the decimal point. Which of the following expressions represents the largest number?

3+x3 + x

3x3 - x

3x3 \cdot x

3x\frac{3}{x}

x3\frac{x}{3}

知识点:估算
难度评级:860
小提示:

xx 是一个非常小的正数,刚刚大于 00

xx is a tiny positive number, just above 00

大提示:

33 除以一个很小的数会得到巨大结果,而其他选项都接近 33 或接近 00

Dividing 33 by a tiny number gives a huge result, while the other choices stay near 33 or near 00

解答:

因为 xx 是很小的正数,3+x3 + x3x3 - x 都接近 33,而 3x3 \cdot xx3\frac{x}{3} 都接近 00

3x\frac{3}{x}33 后面跟着 19971997 个零,远大于其他选项。

所以正确答案是 D

Since xx is a very small positive number, 3+x3 + x and 3x3 - x are near 3,3, while 3x3 \cdot x and x3\frac{x}{3} are near 0.0.

But 3x\frac{3}{x} is 33 followed by 19971997 zeros, far larger than any other choice.

Thus, the correct answer is D .

12.

应从列表

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,111, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11

中去掉哪个数,使剩余数的平均数为 6.16.1

What number should be removed from the list

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,111, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11

so that the average of the remaining numbers is 6.1?6.1?

44

55

66

77

88

知识点:平均数逆推法
难度评级:820
小提示:

这十一个数的和是 6666

The eleven numbers add up to 6666

大提示:

十个数平均为 6.16.1,总和必须是 6161;找出被去掉的数。

Ten numbers averaging 6.16.1 must total 61;61; find what was removed

解答:

111111 的和是 6666。若剩下十个数的平均数是 6.16.1,它们的和必须是 106.1=6110 \cdot 6.1 = 61

所以被去掉的数是 6661=566 - 61 = 5

所以正确答案是 B

The sum of 11 through 1111 is 66.66. For ten numbers to average 6.1,6.1, their sum must be 106.1=61.10 \cdot 6.1 = 61.

So the removed number is 6661=5.66 - 61 = 5.

Thus, the correct answer is B .

13.

19961996 年秋季,共有 800800 名学生参加一年一度的学校清洁日。活动组织者预计,在 199719971998199819991999 每一年,参与人数都会比前一年增加 50%50\%。组织者预计 19991999 年秋季会有多少名参与者?

In the fall of 1996,1996, a total of 800800 students participated in an annual school clean-up day. The organizers of the event expect that in each of the years 1997,1997, 1998,1998, and 1999,1999, participation will increase by 50%50\% over the previous year. The number of participants the organizers expect in the fall of 19991999 is

12001200

15001500

20002000

24002400

27002700

难度评级:930
小提示:

增加 50%50\% 相当于把人数乘以 1.51.5

A 50%50\% increase multiplies the number by 1.51.5

大提示:

连续三次应用因子 1.51.5,分别对应 199719971998199819991999

Apply the factor 1.51.5 three times, for 1997,1997, 1998,1998, and 19991999

解答:

每一年人数乘以 1.51.5800120018002700800 \to 1200 \to 1800 \to 2700

所以 8001.53=2700800 \cdot 1.5^3 = 2700,这是 19991999 年的预计人数。

所以正确答案是 E

Each year multiplies the count by 1.5:1.5: 800120018002700.800 \to 1200 \to 1800 \to 2700.

So 8001.53=2700800 \cdot 1.5^3 = 2700 participants are expected in 1999.1999.

Thus, the correct answer is E .

14.

从集合 {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9\} 中选出六个不同数字,填入下图的方格中,使竖直列中各数之和为 2323,水平行中各数之和为 1212。所用六个数字之和是

Six different digits from the set {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9\} are placed in the squares in the figure shown so that the sum of the entries in the vertical column is 2323 and the sum of the entries in the horizontal row is 12.12. The sum of the six digits used is

2727

2929

3131

3333

3535

知识点:数字逻辑推理
难度评级:1090
小提示:

三个不同数字和为 2323,只能是 668899

Three distinct digits summing to 2323 must be 6,6, 8,8, and 99

大提示:

共享方格在两次求和中都被计算了,所以六个数字总和等于 23+1223 + 12 减去共享数字。

The shared square is counted in both sums, so the total of the six digits is 23+1223 + 12 minus the shared digit

解答:

1199 中选三个不同数字和为 2323,只能是 668899。水平行另外三个数字最小为 1+2+3=61 + 2 + 3 = 6,所以共享方格至多是 126=612 - 6 = 6。因此共享数字是 66

六个数字是 668899112233,总和为 2929。等价地,23+126=2923 + 12 - 6 = 29

所以正确答案是 B

Three distinct digits from 11 through 99 summing to 2323 must be 6,6, 8,8, and 9.9. The row’s other three digits are at least 1+2+3=6,1 + 2 + 3 = 6, so the shared square (belonging to both the column and the row) is at most 126=6.12 - 6 = 6. Hence the shared digit is 6.6.

The six digits are then 6,6, 8,8, 9,9, 1,1, 2,2, and 3,3, whose sum is 29.29. Equivalently, 23+126=29.23 + 12 - 6 = 29.

Thus, the correct answer is B .

15.

乘积 14921776181219961492 \cdot 1776 \cdot 1812 \cdot 1996 除以 55 的余数是

The remainder when the product 14921776181219961492 \cdot 1776 \cdot 1812 \cdot 1996 is divided by 55 is

00

11

22

33

44

难度评级:930
小提示:

除以 55 的余数只取决于乘积的个位数字。

The remainder upon division by 55 depends only on the units digit of the product

大提示:

把个位数字 22662266 相乘,并看这个乘积的个位数字。

Multiply the units digits 2,2, 6,6, 2,2, and 66 and look at that product’s units digit

解答:

乘积的个位数字等于 2626=1442 \cdot 6 \cdot 2 \cdot 6 = 144 的个位数字,也就是 44

一个以 44 结尾的数除以 55 时余 44

所以正确答案是 E

The units digit of the product equals the units digit of 2626=144,2 \cdot 6 \cdot 2 \cdot 6 = 144, which is 4.4.

A number ending in 4,4, when divided by 5,5, leaves remainder 4.4.

Thus, the correct answer is E .

16.

下列表达式的值是多少?

123+4+567+8+91011+12+13+1992+199319941995+1996 \begin{aligned} &1 - 2 - 3 + 4 + 5 - 6 - 7 \\ &\quad {}+ 8 + 9 - 10 - 11 + 12 \\ &\quad {}+ 13 - \cdots + 1992 \\ &\quad {}+ 1993 - 1994 \\ &\quad {}- 1995 + 1996 \end{aligned}

What is the value of the following expression?

123+4+567+8+91011+12+13+1992+199319941995+1996 \begin{aligned} &1 - 2 - 3 + 4 + 5 - 6 - 7 \\ &\quad {}+ 8 + 9 - 10 - 11 + 12 \\ &\quad {}+ 13 - \cdots + 1992 \\ &\quad {}+ 1993 - 1994 \\ &\quad {}- 1995 + 1996 \end{aligned}

998-998

1-1

00

11

998998

难度评级:1060
小提示:

从第一项开始每四项分组:(123+4)(1 - 2 - 3 + 4)(567+8)(5 - 6 - 7 + 8),依此类推。

Group the terms in blocks of four starting from the first: (123+4),(1 - 2 - 3 + 4), (567+8),(5 - 6 - 7 + 8), and so on

大提示:

每组四项的和都是 00;检查 19961996 项能否刚好分成这样的组。

Each block of four sums to 0;0; check that the 19961996 terms divide evenly into such blocks

解答:

每四项分组:123+4=01 - 2 - 3 + 4 = 0567+8=05 - 6 - 7 + 8 = 0,依此类推。

共有 19964=499\frac{1996}{4} = 499 组,每组都等于 00,所以总和是 00

所以正确答案是 C

Grouping in blocks of four gives 123+4=0,1 - 2 - 3 + 4 = 0, 567+8=0,5 - 6 - 7 + 8 = 0, and so on.

There are 19964=499\frac{1996}{4} = 499 such blocks, each equal to 0,0, so the total is 0.0.

Thus, the correct answer is C .

17.

图形 OPQROPQR 是正方形。点 OO 是原点,点 QQ 的坐标是 (2,2)(2, 2)。点 TT 的坐标应是多少,才能使三角形 PQTPQT 的面积等于正方形 OPQROPQR 的面积?

Figure OPQROPQR is a square. Point OO is the origin, and point QQ has coordinates (2,2).(2, 2). What are the coordinates for TT so that the area of triangle PQTPQT equals the area of square OPQR?OPQR?

(6,0)(-6, 0)

(4,0)(-4, 0)

(2,0)(-2, 0)

(2,0)(2, 0)

(4,0)(4, 0)

难度评级:1090
小提示:

正方形边长是 22,面积为 44;同时 P=(2,0)P = (2, 0),底边 PQPQ 是长度为 22 的竖直线段。

The square has side 2,2, so its area is 4;4; also P=(2,0)P = (2, 0) and the base PQPQ is vertical with length 22

大提示:

T=(t,0)T = (t, 0),则它到直线 PQPQ 的水平距离为 2t\lvert 2 - t\rvert

If T=(t,0),T = (t, 0), its horizontal distance from line PQPQ is 2t\lvert 2 - t\rvert

解答:

因为 OPQROPQR 是正方形,且 O=(0,0)O = (0, 0)Q=(2,2)Q = (2, 2),所以 P=(2,0)P = (2, 0)R=(0,2)R = (0, 2),正方形面积为 22=42^2 = 4

三角形 PQTPQT 的竖直底边 PQPQ 长为 22。若 T=(t,0)T = (t, 0) 位于 xx 轴上,它的面积是 1222t=2t\tfrac12 \cdot 2 \cdot \lvert 2 - t\rvert = \lvert 2 - t\rvert。令 2t=4\lvert 2 - t\rvert = 4,得到 t=2t = -2t=6t = 6。选项中只有 t=2t = -2,所以 T=(2,0)T = (-2, 0)

所以正确答案是 C

Since OPQROPQR is a square with O=(0,0)O = (0, 0) and Q=(2,2),Q = (2, 2), we have P=(2,0)P = (2, 0) and R=(0,2),R = (0, 2), so the area is 22=4.2^2 = 4.

Triangle PQTPQT has vertical base PQPQ of length 2,2, and T=(t,0)T = (t, 0) lies on the xx-axis. Its area is 1222t=2t.\tfrac12 \cdot 2 \cdot \lvert 2 - t\rvert = \lvert 2 - t\rvert. Setting 2t=4\lvert 2 - t\rvert = 4 gives t=2t = -2 or t=6.t = 6. Only t=2t = -2 appears among the choices, so T=(2,0).T = (-2, 0).

Thus, the correct answer is C .

18.

Ana 五月的月薪是 $2000\$2000。六月她加薪 20%20\%。七月她又降薪 20%20\%。经过六月和七月这两次变化后,Ana 的月薪是

Ana’s monthly salary was $2000\$2000 in May. In June she received a 20%20\% raise. In July she received a 20%20\% pay cut. After the two changes in June and July, Ana’s monthly salary was

$1920\$1920

$1980\$1980

$2000\$2000

$2020\$2020

$2040\$2040

知识点:百分数
难度评级:960
小提示:

加薪 20%20\% 相当于乘以 1.21.2;降薪 20%20\% 相当于乘以 0.80.8

A 20%20\% raise multiplies by 1.2;1.2; a 20%20\% cut multiplies by 0.80.8

大提示:

依次应用两个因子,计算 20001.20.82000 \cdot 1.2 \cdot 0.8 即可。

Apply both factors in turn: 20001.20.82000 \cdot 1.2 \cdot 0.8

解答:

加薪后,工资为 20001.2=24002000 \cdot 1.2 = 2400

降薪后,工资为 24000.8=19202400 \cdot 0.8 = 1920

所以正确答案是 A

After the raise, the salary is 20001.2=2400.2000 \cdot 1.2 = 2400.

After the cut, it is 24000.8=1920.2400 \cdot 0.8 = 1920.

Thus, the correct answer is A .

19.

下面的饼图显示了 East Junior High School 和 West Middle School 中喜欢高尔夫、保龄球或网球的学生百分比。East 的学生总数为 20002000,West 的学生总数为 25002500。两校合计,喜欢网球的学生占百分之几?

The pie charts below indicate the percent of students who prefer golf, bowling, or tennis at East Junior High School and West Middle School. The total number of students at East is 20002000 and at West, 2500.2500. In the two schools combined, the percent of students who prefer tennis is

30%30\%

31%31\%

32%32\%

33%33\%

34%34\%

知识点:百分数平均数
难度评级:1090
小提示:

分别求每所学校实际有多少名学生喜欢网球,而不是只看百分比。

Find the actual number of tennis fans at each school, not just the percents

大提示:

把两校喜欢网球的人数相加,再除以总人数 45004500

Add the two counts and divide by the total of 45004500 students

解答:

East 喜欢网球的人数为 0.222000=4400.22 \cdot 2000 = 440 人;West 喜欢网球的人数为 0.402500=10000.40 \cdot 2500 = 1000 人。

两校合计 14401440 名学生喜欢网球,总人数为 45004500,比例为 14404500=32%\dfrac{1440}{4500} = 32\%

所以正确答案是 C

East has 0.222000=4400.22 \cdot 2000 = 440 tennis fans, and West has 0.402500=1000.0.40 \cdot 2500 = 1000.

Together 14401440 of the 45004500 students prefer tennis, which is 14404500=32%.\dfrac{1440}{4500} = 32\%.

Thus, the correct answer is C .

20.

假设计算器上有一个特殊按键,会把当前显示的数 xx 替换为公式 11x\frac{1}{1 - x} 给出的数。例如,如果计算器显示 22,按下特殊键后会显示 1-1,因为 112=1\frac{1}{1 - 2} = -1。现在计算器显示 55。连续按下特殊键 100100 次后,计算器会显示

Suppose there is a special key on a calculator that replaces the number xx currently displayed with the number given by the formula 11x.\frac{1}{1 - x}. For example, if the calculator is displaying 22 and the special key is pressed, then the calculator will display 1-1 since 112=1.\frac{1}{1 - 2} = -1. Now suppose that the calculator is displaying 5.5. After the special key is pressed 100100 times in a row, the calculator will display

0.25-0.25

00

0.80.8

1.251.25

55

知识点:函数模运算
难度评级:1280
小提示:

55 开始按几次这个键,观察是否出现循环。

Apply the key a few times starting from 55 and watch for a repeating cycle

大提示:

数值按周期 33 循环;确定第 100100 次落在循环中的哪个位置。

The values cycle with period 3;3; find where 100100 lands in the cycle

解答:

55 开始:115=0.25\frac{1}{1 - 5} = -0.25,再按得到 11+0.25=0.8\frac{1}{1 + 0.25} = 0.8,再按得到 110.8=5\frac{1}{1 - 0.8} = 5。数值按周期 33 循环。

因为 100=333+1100 = 3 \cdot 33 + 1,第 100100 次按键与第一次按键结果相同,为 0.25-0.25

所以正确答案是 A

Starting from 5:5: 115=0.25,\frac{1}{1 - 5} = -0.25, then 11+0.25=0.8,\frac{1}{1 + 0.25} = 0.8, then 110.8=5.\frac{1}{1 - 0.8} = 5. The values repeat with period 3.3.

Since 100=333+1,100 = 3 \cdot 33 + 1, the 100100th press gives the same result as the first press, 0.25.-0.25.

Thus, the correct answer is A .

21.

从集合 {89,95,99,132,166,173}\{89, 95, 99, 132, 166, 173\} 中可以选出多少个包含三个不同数的子集,使这三个数的和为偶数?

How many subsets containing three different numbers can be selected from the set {89,95,99,132,166,173}\{89, 95, 99, 132, 166, 173\} so that the sum of the three numbers is even?

66

88

1010

1212

2424

知识点:奇偶性组合
难度评级:1200
小提示:

由于只有两个偶数可选,要使三个数的和为偶数,必须选两个奇数和一个偶数。

With only two even numbers available, an even sum must use two odd numbers and one even

大提示:

44 个奇数和 22 个偶数;从中选 22 个奇数(共有 44 个)和 11 个偶数(共有 22 个)。

There are 44 odd and 22 even numbers; choose 22 of the 44 odds and 11 of the 22 evens

解答:

集合中有 44 个奇数:898995959999173173,以及 22 个偶数:132132166166。三个数和为偶数需要两个奇数和一个偶数,因为只有两个偶数,无法选三个偶数。

数量为 (42)(21)=62=12\binom{4}{2} \cdot \binom{2}{1} = 6 \cdot 2 = 12

所以正确答案是 D

The set has 44 odd numbers—89,89, 95,95, 99,99, and 173173—and 22 even numbers—132132 and 166.166. A sum of three is even only with two odds and one even, since three evens is impossible with just two available.

The count is (42)(21)=62=12.\binom{4}{2} \cdot \binom{2}{1} = 6 \cdot 2 = 12.

Thus, the correct answer is D .

22.

相邻点之间的水平距离和竖直距离都等于 11 个单位。三角形 ABCABC 的面积是

The horizontal and vertical distances between adjacent points equal 11 unit. The area of triangle ABCABC is

14\dfrac{1}{4}

12\dfrac{1}{2}

34\dfrac{3}{4}

11

54\dfrac{5}{4}

难度评级:1140
小提示:

AABBCC 赋坐标,再用行列式面积公式。

Assign coordinates to A,A, B,B, and CC and use the determinant formula for area

大提示:

也可以用 Pick 定理,面积 =I+B21= I + \tfrac{B}{2} - 1,其中内部点 I=0I = 0,边界点 B=3B = 3

Alternatively use Pick’s theorem, area =I+B21,= I + \tfrac{B}{2} - 1, with I=0I = 0 interior points and B=3B = 3 boundary points

解答:

A=(0,0)A = (0, 0)B=(3,2)B = (3, 2)C=(4,3)C = (4, 3),由行列式面积公式可得 123324=12\frac12\left\lvert 3\cdot3-2\cdot4\right\rvert=\frac12\text{。}

等价地,用 Pick 定理,内部格点数为零,边界格点数为 33,面积为 0+321=120 + \tfrac32 - 1 = \tfrac12

所以正确答案是 B

Taking A=(0,0),A = (0, 0), B=(3,2),B = (3, 2), and C=(4,3),C = (4, 3), the determinant formula gives 123324=12.\frac12\left\lvert 3\cdot3-2\cdot4\right\rvert=\frac12.

Equivalently, by Pick’s theorem with no interior lattice points and 33 boundary points, the area is 0+321=12.0 + \tfrac32 - 1 = \tfrac12.

Thus, the correct answer is B .

23.

一家公司经理原计划从公司基金中给每位员工发 $50\$50 奖金,但基金比所需金额少 $5\$5。于是经理改为给每位员工发 $45\$45 奖金,并在公司基金中留下 $95\$95。发放任何奖金之前,公司基金中有多少钱?

The manager of a company planned to distribute a $50\$50 bonus to each employee from the company fund, but the fund contained $5\$5 less than what was needed. Instead the manager gave each employee a $45\$45 bonus and kept the remaining $95\$95 in the company fund. The amount of money in the company fund before any bonuses were paid was

$945\$945

$950\$950

$955\$955

$990\$990

$995\$995

知识点:一次方程
难度评级:1090
小提示:

设员工人数为 nn;基金数等于 50n550n - 5,也等于 45n+9545n + 95

Let nn be the number of employees; the fund equals 50n550n - 5 and also 45n+9545n + 95

大提示:

令两个基金表达式相等,解出 nn,再计算基金数。

Set the two expressions for the fund equal to solve for n,n, then compute the fund

解答:

设员工人数为 nn。基金数为 50n550n - 5(比每人 5050 美元少五美元),也等于 45n+9545n + 95

50n5=45n+9550n - 5 = 45n + 95,得 5n=1005n = 100,所以 n=20n = 20。基金数为 4520+95=99545 \cdot 20 + 95 = 995 美元。

所以正确答案是 E

Let nn be the number of employees. The fund is 50n550n - 5 (five dollars short of 5050 each) and also 45n+95.45n + 95.

Setting 50n5=45n+9550n - 5 = 45n + 95 gives 5n=100,5n = 100, so n=20.n = 20. The fund is 4520+95=995.45 \cdot 20 + 95 = 995.

Thus, the correct answer is E .

24.

ABCABC 的度数是 5050^\circAD\overline{AD} 平分角 BACBACDC\overline{DC} 平分角 BCABCA。角 ADCADC 的度数是

The measure of angle ABCABC is 50.50^\circ. AD\overline{AD} bisects angle BAC,BAC, and DC\overline{DC} bisects angle BCA.BCA. The measure of angle ADCADC is

9090^\circ

100100^\circ

115115^\circ

122.5122.5^\circ

125125^\circ

知识点:导角角平分线
难度评级:1150
小提示:

在三角形 ABCABC 中,角 BACBACBCABCA 的和是 18050=130180^\circ - 50^\circ = 130^\circ

In triangle ABC,ABC, angles BACBAC and BCABCA add to 18050=130180^\circ - 50^\circ = 130^\circ

大提示:

AACC 处被平分后的两个角之和为 6565^\circ;再用三角形 ADCADC 的内角和。

The bisected halves at AA and CC add to 65;65^\circ; use the angle sum in triangle ADCADC

解答:

在三角形 ABCABC 中,BAC+BCA=18050=130\begin{aligned} \angle BAC + \angle BCA &= 180^\circ - 50^\circ \\ &= 130^\circ \end{aligned}\text{。}

角平分线给出 DAC+DCA=1302=65\angle DAC + \angle DCA = \tfrac{130^\circ}{2} = 65^\circ。在三角形 ADCADC 中,ADC=18065=115\angle ADC = 180^\circ - 65^\circ = 115^\circ

所以正确答案是 C

In triangle ABC,ABC, BAC+BCA=18050=130. \begin{aligned} \angle BAC + \angle BCA &= 180^\circ - 50^\circ \\ &= 130^\circ. \end{aligned}

The bisectors give DAC+DCA=1302=65.\angle DAC + \angle DCA = \tfrac{130^\circ}{2} = 65^\circ. In triangle ADC,ADC, ADC=18065=115.\angle ADC = 180^\circ - 65^\circ = 115^\circ.

Thus, the correct answer is C .

25.

在一个圆形区域内随机选取一点。该点到圆心的距离小于它到圆边界的距离的概率是多少?

A point is chosen at random from within a circular region. What is the probability that the point is closer to the center of the region than it is to the boundary of the region?

14\dfrac{1}{4}

13\dfrac{1}{3}

12\dfrac{1}{2}

23\dfrac{2}{3}

34\dfrac{3}{4}

难度评级:1260
小提示:

一个点到圆心比到边界更近,当且仅当它到圆心的距离小于半径的一半。

A point is closer to the center than the boundary exactly when its distance from the center is less than half the radius

大提示:

比较半径为 12\tfrac12 的内圆面积与半径为 11 的整个圆面积。

Compare the area of the inner circle of radius 12\tfrac12 to the whole circle of radius 11

解答:

设圆半径为 11。距圆心 rr 的点到圆心比到边界更近,当且仅当 r<1rr \lt 1 - r,即 r<12r \lt \tfrac12

有利区域是半径为 12\tfrac12 的圆,面积为 π(12)2=π4\pi(\tfrac12)^2 = \tfrac{\pi}{4},整个圆面积为 π\pi。概率为 π4π=14\dfrac{\frac{\pi}{4}}{\pi} = \dfrac14

所以正确答案是 A

Take the radius to be 1.1. A point at distance rr from the center is closer to the center than to the boundary when r<1r,r \lt 1 - r, i.e. r<12.r \lt \tfrac12.

The favorable region is a circle of radius 12,\tfrac12, with area π(12)2=π4,\pi(\tfrac12)^2 = \tfrac{\pi}{4}, out of the total area π.\pi. The probability is π4π=14.\dfrac{\frac{\pi}{4}}{\pi} = \dfrac14.

Thus, the correct answer is A .