1996 AMC 8 详解
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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。
1.
的正因数中,有多少个也是 的倍数?
How many positive factors of are also multiples of
2.
何塞、翠和卡里姆都从数 开始。何塞把数 减去 ,把答案加倍,然后加 。翠把数 加倍,把答案减去 ,然后加 。卡里姆把数 减去 ,给答案加 ,然后把结果加倍。谁得到的最终答案最大?
José, Thuy, and Kareem each start with the number José subtracts from the number doubles his answer, and then adds Thuy doubles the number subtracts from her answer, and then adds Kareem subtracts from the number adds to his answer, and then doubles the result. Who gets the largest final answer?
何塞
José
翠
Thuy
卡里姆
Kareem
何塞和翠
José and Thuy
翠和卡里姆
Thuy and Kareem
小提示:
从 开始,按顺序计算每个人的三个步骤。
Work out each person’s three steps in order, beginning with
大提示:
步骤顺序很重要;注意谁最后才加倍,因此他加的 也会被加倍。
The order of the steps matters; notice who doubles last, so the they added also gets doubled
解答:
从 开始,何塞依次得到 、、;翠依次得到 、、;卡里姆依次得到 、、。
卡里姆最后加倍,所以他加上的 也被加倍,得到最大结果。
所以正确答案是 C。
Starting from José computes Thuy computes and Kareem computes
Kareem doubles last, so the he adds is doubled too, giving the largest result.
Thus, the correct answer is C .
3.
把 个整数,从 到 ,分别写在一个有 行、每行 格的棋盘上,共有 个小方格。前 个数按顺序写在第一行,接下来的 个写在第二行,依此类推。写完全部 个数后,四个角上的数之和是
The whole numbers from through are written, one per square, on a checkerboard (an by array of squares). The first numbers are written in order across the first row, the next across the second row, and so on. After all numbers are written, the sum of the numbers in the four corners will be
小提示:
第一行是 到 ;最后一行是 到 。
The first row holds through the last row holds through
大提示:
四个角是最上行和最下行的第一个数与最后一个数。
The four corners are the first and last numbers of the top row and of the bottom row
解答:
第一行是 ,最后一行是 。四个角上的数是 、、 和 。
它们的和是 。
所以正确答案是 A。
The first row is and the last row is The four corners are and
Their sum is
Thus, the correct answer is A .
4.
下列表达式的值是多少?
What is the value of the following expression?
5.
字母 ,,, 和 表示数轴上所示位置的数。
下列哪个表达式表示负数?
The letters and represent numbers located on the number line as shown.
Which of the following expressions represents a negative number?
小提示:
从数轴上看, 和 是负数,、 和 是正数。
From the number line, and are negative while and are positive
大提示:
乘积或商只有在负因子个数为奇数时才为负;逐项检查。
A product or quotient is negative only with an odd number of negative factors; check each choice
解答:
从数轴上看, 和 是负数,而 、、 是正数。
为正; 有两个负因子,所以为正; 为正; 也为正。因为 在 左边,所以 为负。
所以正确答案是 A。
From the number line, and are negative and and are positive.
Then is positive; has two negative factors, so it is positive; is positive; and is positive. Since is to the left of is negative.
Thus, the correct answer is A .
6.
通过下面过程可以得到的最小结果是多少?
• 从集合 中选择三个不同的数。
• 把其中两个数相加。
• 用所得的和乘以第三个数。
What is the smallest result that can be obtained by the following process?
• Choose three different numbers from the set
• Add two of these numbers.
• Multiply their sum by the third number.
小提示:
要使结果小,使用三个最小的数 、、。
To keep the result small, use the three smallest numbers and
大提示:
最小的数应作为乘数,因为它对和的放大最小。
The smallest number should be the multiplier, since it scales the sum the least
解答:
使用三个最小的数 、、。可能结果为 、、。
让最小的数作为乘数得到最小结果 。
所以正确答案是 C。
Use the three smallest numbers and The choices are and
Making the smallest number the multiplier gives the least result,
Thus, the correct answer is C .
7.
Brent 的金鱼每月变为原来的四倍,Gretel 的金鱼每月变为原来的两倍。如果某一时刻 Brent 有 条金鱼,而 Gretel 有 条金鱼,那么从那时起多少个月后,他们会有相同数量的金鱼?
Brent has goldfish that quadruple (become four times as many) every month, and Gretel has goldfish that double every month. If Brent has goldfish at the same time that Gretel has goldfish, then in how many months from that time will they have the same number of goldfish?
小提示:
每个月 Brent 的数量乘以 ,Gretel 的数量乘以 。
Each month Brent’s count multiplies by and Gretel’s by
大提示:
Gretel 与 Brent 的数量比一开始是 ,之后每个月减半。
The ratio of Gretel’s to Brent’s count starts at and halves each month
解答:
Brent 的数量依次为 、、、、、,Gretel 的数量依次为 、、、、、。
个月后,两人都有 条。
所以正确答案是 B。
Brent’s counts are and Gretel’s are
They are equal after months, when both have
Thus, the correct answer is B .
8.
点 和 相距 个单位。点 和 相距 个单位。点 和 相距 个单位。如果 和 尽可能接近,那么它们之间相距多少个单位?
Points and are units apart. Points and are units apart. Points and are units apart. If and are as close as possible, then the number of units between them is
小提示:
把所有点放在一条直线上,并让 和 朝 的方向折回。
Place all the points on one line so that and are pulled back toward
大提示:
当四点共线时,。
With everything collinear,
解答:
距离最小时,四点共线并且 、 朝 的方向排列:取 、、、。
因此 。
所以正确答案是 B。
The distance is smallest when the points are collinear with and toward take
Then
Thus, the correct answer is B .
9.
10.
Walter 开到加油泵前时,注意到油箱是 满。他用 买了 加仑汽油。加完后,油箱变为 满。这个油箱装满时能容纳多少加仑汽油?
When Walter drove up to the gasoline pump, he noticed that his gasoline tank was full. He purchased gallons of gasoline for With this additional gasoline, his gasoline tank was then full. The number of gallons of gasoline his tank holds when it is full is
小提示:
从 满到 满,增加了 个油箱。
Going from to full is an increase of of a tank
大提示:
如果半个油箱是 加仑,那么一个满油箱是它的两倍。
If half a tank is gallons, double it for a full tank
解答:
增加量是 个油箱,对应 加仑。
因此满油箱容量为 加仑。
所以正确答案是 D。
The increase is of a tank, which equals gallons.
So a full tank holds gallons.
Thus, the correct answer is D .
11.
令 为数
其中小数点后有 个零。下列哪个表达式表示最大的数?
Let be the number
where there are zeros after the decimal point. Which of the following expressions represents the largest number?
小提示:
是一个非常小的正数,刚刚大于 。
is a tiny positive number, just above
大提示:
用 除以一个很小的数会得到巨大结果,而其他选项都接近 或接近 。
Dividing by a tiny number gives a huge result, while the other choices stay near or near
解答:
因为 是很小的正数, 和 都接近 ,而 和 都接近 。
但 是 后面跟着 个零,远大于其他选项。
所以正确答案是 D。
Since is a very small positive number, and are near while and are near
But is followed by zeros, far larger than any other choice.
Thus, the correct answer is D .
12.
应从列表
中去掉哪个数,使剩余数的平均数为 ?
What number should be removed from the list
so that the average of the remaining numbers is
小提示:
这十一个数的和是 。
The eleven numbers add up to
大提示:
十个数平均为 ,总和必须是 ;找出被去掉的数。
Ten numbers averaging must total find what was removed
解答:
到 的和是 。若剩下十个数的平均数是 ,它们的和必须是 。
所以被去掉的数是 。
所以正确答案是 B。
The sum of through is For ten numbers to average their sum must be
So the removed number is
Thus, the correct answer is B .
13.
年秋季,共有 名学生参加一年一度的学校清洁日。活动组织者预计,在 , 和 每一年,参与人数都会比前一年增加 。组织者预计 年秋季会有多少名参与者?
In the fall of a total of students participated in an annual school clean-up day. The organizers of the event expect that in each of the years and participation will increase by over the previous year. The number of participants the organizers expect in the fall of is
14.
从集合 中选出六个不同数字,填入下图的方格中,使竖直列中各数之和为 ,水平行中各数之和为 。所用六个数字之和是
Six different digits from the set are placed in the squares in the figure shown so that the sum of the entries in the vertical column is and the sum of the entries in the horizontal row is The sum of the six digits used is
小提示:
三个不同数字和为 ,只能是 、、。
Three distinct digits summing to must be and
大提示:
共享方格在两次求和中都被计算了,所以六个数字总和等于 减去共享数字。
The shared square is counted in both sums, so the total of the six digits is minus the shared digit
解答:
从 到 中选三个不同数字和为 ,只能是 、、。水平行另外三个数字最小为 ,所以共享方格至多是 。因此共享数字是 。
六个数字是 、、、、、,总和为 。等价地,。
所以正确答案是 B。
Three distinct digits from through summing to must be and The row’s other three digits are at least so the shared square (belonging to both the column and the row) is at most Hence the shared digit is
The six digits are then and whose sum is Equivalently,
Thus, the correct answer is B .
15.
乘积 除以 的余数是
The remainder when the product is divided by is
小提示:
除以 的余数只取决于乘积的个位数字。
The remainder upon division by depends only on the units digit of the product
大提示:
把个位数字 、、、 相乘,并看这个乘积的个位数字。
Multiply the units digits and and look at that product’s units digit
解答:
乘积的个位数字等于 的个位数字,也就是 。
一个以 结尾的数除以 时余 。
所以正确答案是 E。
The units digit of the product equals the units digit of which is
A number ending in when divided by leaves remainder
Thus, the correct answer is E .
16.
下列表达式的值是多少?
What is the value of the following expression?
小提示:
从第一项开始每四项分组:、,依此类推。
Group the terms in blocks of four starting from the first: and so on
大提示:
每组四项的和都是 ;检查 项能否刚好分成这样的组。
Each block of four sums to check that the terms divide evenly into such blocks
解答:
每四项分组:,,依此类推。
共有 组,每组都等于 ,所以总和是 。
所以正确答案是 C。
Grouping in blocks of four gives and so on.
There are such blocks, each equal to so the total is
Thus, the correct answer is C .
17.
图形 是正方形。点 是原点,点 的坐标是 。点 的坐标应是多少,才能使三角形 的面积等于正方形 的面积?
Figure is a square. Point is the origin, and point has coordinates What are the coordinates for so that the area of triangle equals the area of square
小提示:
正方形边长是 ,面积为 ;同时 ,底边 是长度为 的竖直线段。
The square has side so its area is also and the base is vertical with length
大提示:
若 ,则它到直线 的水平距离为 。
If its horizontal distance from line is
解答:
因为 是正方形,且 、,所以 、,正方形面积为 。
三角形 的竖直底边 长为 。若 位于 轴上,它的面积是 。令 ,得到 或 。选项中只有 ,所以 。
所以正确答案是 C。
Since is a square with and we have and so the area is
Triangle has vertical base of length and lies on the -axis. Its area is Setting gives or Only appears among the choices, so
Thus, the correct answer is C .
18.
Ana 五月的月薪是 。六月她加薪 。七月她又降薪 。经过六月和七月这两次变化后,Ana 的月薪是
Ana’s monthly salary was in May. In June she received a raise. In July she received a pay cut. After the two changes in June and July, Ana’s monthly salary was
小提示:
加薪 相当于乘以 ;降薪 相当于乘以 。
A raise multiplies by a cut multiplies by
大提示:
依次应用两个因子,计算 即可。
Apply both factors in turn:
解答:
加薪后,工资为 。
降薪后,工资为 。
所以正确答案是 A。
After the raise, the salary is
After the cut, it is
Thus, the correct answer is A .
19.
下面的饼图显示了 East Junior High School 和 West Middle School 中喜欢高尔夫、保龄球或网球的学生百分比。East 的学生总数为 ,West 的学生总数为 。两校合计,喜欢网球的学生占百分之几?
The pie charts below indicate the percent of students who prefer golf, bowling, or tennis at East Junior High School and West Middle School. The total number of students at East is and at West, In the two schools combined, the percent of students who prefer tennis is
小提示:
分别求每所学校实际有多少名学生喜欢网球,而不是只看百分比。
Find the actual number of tennis fans at each school, not just the percents
大提示:
把两校喜欢网球的人数相加,再除以总人数 。
Add the two counts and divide by the total of students
解答:
East 喜欢网球的人数为 人;West 喜欢网球的人数为 人。
两校合计 名学生喜欢网球,总人数为 ,比例为 。
所以正确答案是 C。
East has tennis fans, and West has
Together of the students prefer tennis, which is
Thus, the correct answer is C .
20.
假设计算器上有一个特殊按键,会把当前显示的数 替换为公式 给出的数。例如,如果计算器显示 ,按下特殊键后会显示 ,因为 。现在计算器显示 。连续按下特殊键 次后,计算器会显示
Suppose there is a special key on a calculator that replaces the number currently displayed with the number given by the formula For example, if the calculator is displaying and the special key is pressed, then the calculator will display since Now suppose that the calculator is displaying After the special key is pressed times in a row, the calculator will display
小提示:
从 开始按几次这个键,观察是否出现循环。
Apply the key a few times starting from and watch for a repeating cycle
大提示:
数值按周期 循环;确定第 次落在循环中的哪个位置。
The values cycle with period find where lands in the cycle
解答:
从 开始:,再按得到 ,再按得到 。数值按周期 循环。
因为 ,第 次按键与第一次按键结果相同,为 。
所以正确答案是 A。
Starting from then then The values repeat with period
Since the th press gives the same result as the first press,
Thus, the correct answer is A .
21.
从集合 中可以选出多少个包含三个不同数的子集,使这三个数的和为偶数?
How many subsets containing three different numbers can be selected from the set so that the sum of the three numbers is even?
小提示:
由于只有两个偶数可选,要使三个数的和为偶数,必须选两个奇数和一个偶数。
With only two even numbers available, an even sum must use two odd numbers and one even
大提示:
有 个奇数和 个偶数;从中选 个奇数(共有 个)和 个偶数(共有 个)。
There are odd and even numbers; choose of the odds and of the evens
解答:
集合中有 个奇数:、、、,以及 个偶数:、。三个数和为偶数需要两个奇数和一个偶数,因为只有两个偶数,无法选三个偶数。
数量为 。
所以正确答案是 D。
The set has odd numbers— and —and even numbers— and A sum of three is even only with two odds and one even, since three evens is impossible with just two available.
The count is
Thus, the correct answer is D .
22.
相邻点之间的水平距离和竖直距离都等于 个单位。三角形 的面积是
The horizontal and vertical distances between adjacent points equal unit. The area of triangle is
小提示:
给 、、 赋坐标,再用行列式面积公式。
Assign coordinates to and and use the determinant formula for area
大提示:
也可以用 Pick 定理,面积 ,其中内部点 ,边界点 。
Alternatively use Pick’s theorem, area with interior points and boundary points
解答:
取 、、,由行列式面积公式可得
等价地,用 Pick 定理,内部格点数为零,边界格点数为 ,面积为 。
所以正确答案是 B。
Taking and the determinant formula gives
Equivalently, by Pick’s theorem with no interior lattice points and boundary points, the area is
Thus, the correct answer is B .
23.
一家公司经理原计划从公司基金中给每位员工发 奖金,但基金比所需金额少 。于是经理改为给每位员工发 奖金,并在公司基金中留下 。发放任何奖金之前,公司基金中有多少钱?
The manager of a company planned to distribute a bonus to each employee from the company fund, but the fund contained less than what was needed. Instead the manager gave each employee a bonus and kept the remaining in the company fund. The amount of money in the company fund before any bonuses were paid was
小提示:
设员工人数为 ;基金数等于 ,也等于 。
Let be the number of employees; the fund equals and also
大提示:
令两个基金表达式相等,解出 ,再计算基金数。
Set the two expressions for the fund equal to solve for then compute the fund
解答:
设员工人数为 。基金数为 (比每人 美元少五美元),也等于 。
令 ,得 ,所以 。基金数为 美元。
所以正确答案是 E。
Let be the number of employees. The fund is (five dollars short of each) and also
Setting gives so The fund is
Thus, the correct answer is E .
24.
角 的度数是 。 平分角 , 平分角 。角 的度数是
The measure of angle is bisects angle and bisects angle The measure of angle is
25.
在一个圆形区域内随机选取一点。该点到圆心的距离小于它到圆边界的距离的概率是多少?
A point is chosen at random from within a circular region. What is the probability that the point is closer to the center of the region than it is to the boundary of the region?
小提示:
一个点到圆心比到边界更近,当且仅当它到圆心的距离小于半径的一半。
A point is closer to the center than the boundary exactly when its distance from the center is less than half the radius
大提示:
比较半径为 的内圆面积与半径为 的整个圆面积。
Compare the area of the inner circle of radius to the whole circle of radius
解答:
设圆半径为 。距圆心 的点到圆心比到边界更近,当且仅当 ,即 。
有利区域是半径为 的圆,面积为 ,整个圆面积为 。概率为 。
所以正确答案是 A。
Take the radius to be A point at distance from the center is closer to the center than to the boundary when i.e.
The favorable region is a circle of radius with area out of the total area The probability is
Thus, the correct answer is A .