1993 AMC 8 详解
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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。
1.
哪一对数的乘积不等于 ?
Which pair of numbers does not have a product equal to
小提示:
把每一对中的两个数相乘,检查哪个乘积不是
Multiply the two numbers in each pair and check which product is not
大提示:
负数乘负数是正数;特别注意 的符号
A negative times a negative is positive, so watch the signs of
解答:
逐项检查:,,,,且 。
只有 不等于 。
所以正确答案是 C。
Checking each pair: and
Only fails to equal
Thus, the correct answer is C .
2.
分数 化为最简形式后,分子和分母之和是多少?
When the fraction is expressed in simplest form, then the sum of the numerator and the denominator will be
3.
下列哪个数的最大质因数最大?
Which of the following numbers has the largest prime factor?
小提示:
把每个数完全分解成质因数
Factor each number completely into primes
大提示:
比较每个分解式中的最大质数;注意
Compare the largest prime in each factorization; note
解答:
分解得:,,,,。
这些最大质因数中最大的是 ,它是 的因数。
所以正确答案是 B。
Factoring: and
The largest prime factor among these is which is a factor of
Thus, the correct answer is B .
4.
5.
下列哪个条形图可能表示所示扇形图中的数据?
Which one of the following bar graphs could represent the data from the circle graph shown?
小提示:
判断圆中三个区域分别占整个圆的几分之几
Decide what fraction of the whole circle each of the three regions takes up
大提示:
每个涂色区域都是四分之一,未涂色区域是一半,所以三根条形高度的比例应为
Each shaded region is a quarter and the unshaded region is a half, so the three bars should have heights in the ratio
解答:
两个涂色区域各占圆的四分之一,未涂色区域占一半。所以三个数量的比例是 ,即 。
相应条形图必须有两个涂色条高度相等,白色条高度正好是它们的两倍。只有一个条形图符合这些条件。
所以正确答案是 C。
The two shaded regions are each one quarter of the circle, and the unshaded region is one half. So the three quantities are in the ratio or
A matching bar graph must have the two shaded bars equal in height and the unshaded bar exactly twice as tall. Only one bar graph has two equal shaded bars with the white bar double their height.
Thus, the correct answer is C .
6.
一罐汤可以供 个成人或 个儿童食用。如果有 罐汤并且已经供 个儿童食用,那么剩下的汤可以供多少个成人食用?
A can of soup can feed adults or children. If there are cans of soup and children are fed, then how many adults would the remaining soup feed?
小提示:
个儿童需要 罐汤,先求还剩多少罐
children need cans, so find how many cans remain
大提示:
每罐剩余的汤可以供 个成人食用
Each remaining can feeds adults
解答:
供 个儿童食用需要 罐汤,剩下 罐。
这 罐可以供 个成人食用。
所以正确答案是 B。
Feeding children uses cans, leaving cans.
Those cans feed adults.
Thus, the correct answer is B .
7.
小提示:
三个 相加等于
Adding three copies of is the same as
大提示:
解答:
三个相同项相加,。
所以正确答案是 A。
Adding three equal terms,
Thus, the correct answer is A .
8.
为了控制血压,吉尔的祖母每隔一天服用半片药。如果一份药有 片,那么这份药大约可以用多久?
To control her blood pressure, Jill’s grandmother takes one half of a pill every other day. If one supply of medicine contains pills, then the supply of medicine will last approximately
个月
month
个月
months
个月
months
个月
months
年
year
小提示:
每隔一天服用半片,意味着一整片药可以用 天
Half a pill every other day means one whole pill covers days
大提示:
先求总天数,再用每月约 天换算成月数
Find the total number of days, then convert to months using about days per month
解答:
她每两天服用半片,所以一片药可用 天。 片药可用 天。
按每月约 天计算,约为 个月。
所以正确答案是 D。
She takes half a pill every two days, so one pill lasts days. Then pills last days.
At about days per month, that is roughly months.
Thus, the correct answer is D .
9.
运算 由下表定义:
例如 。那么
Consider the operation defined by the following table:
For example, Then
小提示:
先算 :从第 行第 列读取结果;再算 :从第 行第 列读取结果
Read from row column and from row column
大提示:
两个括号内的值都等于 ,所以再从表中计算
Both inner values equal so compute from the table
解答:
从表中读出 ,且 。
因此 。
所以正确答案是 D。
From the table, and
Then
Thus, the correct answer is D .
10.
这张折线图表示一张交易卡在 年的前 个月的价格。最大的月度价格下降发生在哪个月?
This line graph represents the price of a trading card during the first months of The greatest monthly drop in price occurred during which month?
一月
January
三月
March
四月
April
五月
May
六月
June
小提示:
当折线从一个月到下一个月向下时就是下降;比较每次下降的幅度
A drop happens where the line goes down from one month to the next; measure how far it falls each time
大提示:
只比较向下的线段,找最陡的那一段
Compare only the downward segments and find the steepest one
解答:
月度变化为:一月从 ,下降 ;二月从 ,价格上升;三月从 ,下降 ;四月从 ,价格上升;五月从 ,下降 ;六月从 ,下降 。
最大下降是 ,发生在三月。
所以正确答案是 B。
The price changes month to month are: January (drop ), February (rise), March (drop ), April (rise), May (drop ), and June (drop ).
The largest drop is which occurred during March.
Thus, the correct answer is B .
11.
这张直方图表示 名学生的考试分数。中位数落在哪个标号的区间中?
Consider this histogram of the scores for students taking a test. The median is in the interval labeled which value?
小提示:
个分数按从低到高排列时,中位数是第 个分数
With scores in order, the median is the middle one: the st score counting from the lowest
大提示:
从左到右累加各柱的高度,直到累计人数第一次达到或超过
Add the bar heights from left to right until the running total first reaches
解答:
因为有 名学生,中位数是从低到高数的第 个分数。
从左往右累加柱高,累计人数为 、、、、、、、。累计数第一次超过 时位于标号 的区间,其中包含第 到第 个分数。所以第 个分数在标号 的区间中。
所以正确答案是 C。
Since students took the test, the median is the st score counting up from the lowest.
Adding the bar heights from the left gives running totals The total first passes at the interval labeled which contains the th through nd scores. So the st score lies in the interval labeled
Thus, the correct answer is C .
12.
如果三个运算符 、、 各恰好使用一次,分别填入表达式
的三个空格中,那么结果可能等于
If each of the three operation signs, is used exactly once in one of the blanks in the expression
then the value of the result could equal
小提示:
乘法先于加减法计算,所以 放在哪里最重要
Multiplication happens before addition and subtraction, so where you place matters most
大提示:
逐一计算把 、、 填入三个空格的所有方式
Work through each way of assigning to the three blanks and compute the result
解答:
六种排列分别给出:,,,,,以及 。
选项中唯一可能的值是 。
所以正确答案是 E。
The six arrangements give and
The only value among the choices is
Thus, the correct answer is E .
13.
单词 HELP 用宽 单位的笔画在一个 乘 的长方形标牌上画成阴影区域。每个字母宽 单位,字母之间间隔 单位,如图所示。标牌未涂色部分的面积是多少平方单位?
The word “HELP” in block letters is painted as a shaded region with strokes unit wide on a by rectangular sign. Each letter is units wide with a -unit gap between letters, as shown. The area of the unshaded portion of the sign, in square units, is
小提示:
整个标牌面积是 平方单位
The whole sign is square units
大提示:
数出每个字母由多少个涂色单位正方形组成,再从 中减去总涂色面积
Count the shaded unit squares making up each letter, then subtract the total from
解答:
整个标牌面积为 平方单位。数涂色单位方格可得 、、、,涂色总面积为 。
未涂色面积是 。
所以正确答案是 D。
The full sign has area square units. Counting the shaded unit squares in each letter gives and for a shaded total of
The unshaded area is
Thus, the correct answer is D .
14.
所示表格的九个方格要填入数字,使每一行和每一列都包含 、、 各一次。那么
The nine squares in the table shown are to be filled so that every row and every column contains each of the numbers Then
小提示:
每一行和每一列都必须恰好包含 、、 各一次
Each row and each column must contain exactly once
大提示:
一旦某行或某列中有两个数确定,第三个数就被确定;逐步填表
Once two entries of a row or column are known, the third is forced; fill in step by step
解答:
填表使每行每列都有 、、:第一行变为 、、,第二行为 、、,第三行为 、、。第二行迫使 ,最后一列 、、 迫使 。
所以 。
所以正确答案是 C。
Filling the grid so each row and column has the top row becomes the middle row and the bottom row The middle row forces and the last column forces
So
Thus, the correct answer is C .
15.
四个数的算术平均数为 。如果其中最大的数是 ,那么其余三个数的平均数是
The arithmetic mean (average) of four numbers is If the largest of these numbers is then the mean of the remaining three numbers is
小提示:
四个数的和是
The four numbers sum to
大提示:
减去最大的数,再把剩下的和除以
Subtract the largest number, then divide the remaining sum by
解答:
四个数的和是 ,所以其余三个数的和是 。
它们的平均数是 。
所以正确答案是 A。
The four numbers sum to so the remaining three sum to
Their mean is
Thus, the correct answer is A .
16.
17.
从一张 单位乘 单位的长方形硬纸板上切去四个边长为 单位的角正方形,然后把四边折起形成一个无盖盒子。盒子内部表面积是多少平方单位?
Square corners, units on a side, are removed from a unit by unit rectangular sheet of cardboard. The sides are then folded to form an open box. The surface area, in square units, of the interior of the box is
小提示:
折叠不改变面积;内部表面积等于纸板面积减去四个角正方形
Folding does not change area; the interior surface equals the sheet minus the four corner squares
大提示:
原纸板面积是 ,再减去四个 的角正方形
The sheet is subtract four corner squares
解答:
盒子内部表面正好是切去四角后纸板的一面。原纸板面积为 ,每个被切去的角面积为 。
所以内部表面积是 。
所以正确答案是 B。
The interior surface is exactly one face of the cardboard after the corners are removed. The sheet has area and each removed corner has area
So the interior surface area is
Thus, the correct answer is B .
18.
所示长方形中,长 ,宽 ,且 和 分别是 和 的中点。四边形 的面积是
The rectangle shown has length width and and are midpoints of and respectively. The area of the quadrilateral is
小提示:
长方形 的面积是 ;再减去 外面的部分
The rectangle has area remove the parts outside
大提示:
从整个长方形中减去三角形 和三角形
Subtract triangle and triangle from the full rectangle
解答:
长方形 面积为 。三角形 面积为 ,三角形 面积为 。
剩下的四边形 面积为 。
所以正确答案是 A。
Rectangle has area Triangle has area and triangle has area
The remaining region has area
Thus, the correct answer is A .
19.
下列表达式的值是多少?
What is the value of the following expression?
小提示:
把上面和下面的对应项配对:、、
Pair each term with the one below it:
大提示:
每一对的差都是 ,共有 对
Each of the pairs has difference
解答:
第一个和中的每个数都比第二个和中对应的数大 ,并且共有 对。
所以差为 。
所以正确答案是 A。
Each number in the first sum is exactly more than the matching number in the second sum, and there are such pairs.
So the difference is
Thus, the correct answer is A .
20.
当 写成一个整数时,它的各位数字之和是多少?
When is expressed as a single whole number, the sum of the digits is
小提示:
是 后面跟着 个零;减去 只会改变右端
is a followed by zeros; subtracting changes only the right end
大提示:
结果是一串九,最后以 结尾;确定有多少个九
The result is a block of nines ending in determine how many nines there are
解答:
从 ( 后面跟 个零)减去 ,结果为 个九后接 。
数字和为 。
所以正确答案是 D。
Subtracting from (a followed by zeros) gives a number that is nines followed by
The digit sum is
Thus, the correct answer is D .
21.
如果一个长方形的长增加 ,宽增加 ,那么面积增加了
If the length of a rectangle is increased by and its width is increased by then the area is increased by
小提示:
新面积 新长 新宽 倍的原面积
New area (new length) (new width) times the old area
大提示:
把两个增长因子 和 相乘,得到面积变成原来的多少倍
Multiply the two growth factors and to get the factor by which the area grows
解答:
新长是原长的 倍,新宽是原宽的 倍,所以新面积是原面积的 倍。
这表示面积增加了 。
所以正确答案是 D。
The new length is times the old and the new width is times the old, so the new area is times the old area.
That is an increase of
Thus, the correct answer is D .
22.
帕特·皮亚诺有很多 、、、、、、、 和 ,但只有二十二个数字 。他最多能用这些数字给剪贴簿页码编号到多少?
Pat Peano has plenty of ’s, ’s, ’s, ’s, ’s, ’s, ’s, ’s and ’s, but he has only twenty-two ’s. How far can he number the pages of his scrapbook with these digits?
小提示:
先数从第 页到第 页一共用了多少个数字
Count how many ’s appear when numbering pages through
大提示:
到 为止,个位用了十个 ,十位上也用了十个;再追踪 之后还会用到几个
Ten ’s appear in the units place and ten in the tens place through then track the remaining twos past
解答:
编号 到 时,个位出现十个 ,十位上也出现十个,共用掉二十个 。页码 和 一个也不用到。
剩下两个 用在页码 和 。之后 到 不需要 ,但 需要另一个 。所以最多能编号到 。
所以正确答案是 D。
Numbering through uses ten ’s in the units place and ten in the tens place, a total of twenty ’s. Pages and use none.
The remaining two ’s are used on pages and After that, pages through need no but would require another so he can number up to
Thus, the correct answer is D .
23.
五名赛跑者 、、、、 比赛,且 领先 , 领先 , 领先 ,并且 在 之后、 之前完成。谁不可能获得第三名?
Five runners, have a race, and beats beats beats and finishes after and before Who could not have finished third in the race?
和
and
和
and
和
and
和
and
、 和
and
小提示:
领先 、 和 ,而 又领先 ;据此判断 的名次
finishes ahead of and while finishes ahead of determine ’s place
大提示:
如果某个选手前面必须有好几个人,那么他不可能排到第三
If several runners must all finish ahead of a given runner, that runner cannot be as high as third
解答:
因为 领先 和 ,也在 之前,而 又领先 ,所以 第一,因此不可能第三。
条件还给出完赛先后链:、、、 依次在前。所以 、 和 都在 前, 最好也只能第四,不可能第三。
、、 都可能第三。例如,、、、、 使 第三;、、、、 使 第三;、、、、 使 第三。因此只有 和 不可能第三。
所以正确答案是 C。
Since beats and finishes ahead of and beats runner finishes first and so cannot be third.
The clues give the chain before before before So and all finish ahead of meaning is no better than fourth and cannot be third either.
Each of can finish third: for example puts third; puts third; and puts third. So only and cannot be third.
Thus, the correct answer is C .
24.
在这个数字阵列中,哪个数在 的正上方?
What number is directly above in this array of numbers?
小提示:
第 行以完全平方数 结尾
Each row ends at a perfect square: row ends at
大提示:
在以 结尾的行中;上一行以 结尾,并且各行右端对齐
is in the row ending at the row above ends at and the rows line up at their right edges
解答:
每一行都以一个完全平方数结尾,所以含 的那一行以 结尾,上一行以 结尾。
因为各行右端对齐, 在 的正上方,所以 在 的正上方。
所以正确答案是 C。
Each row ends at a perfect square, so the row containing ends at and the row above it ends at
Since the rows are aligned at their right edges, sits directly above and therefore sits directly above
Thus, the correct answer is C .
25.
一个棋盘由边长为一英寸的正方形组成。一张边长为 英寸的正方形卡片放在棋盘上,使它覆盖了 个小正方形的部分或全部面积。 的最大可能值是
A checkerboard consists of one-inch squares. A square card, inches on a side, is placed on the board so that it covers part or all of the area of each of squares. The maximum possible value of is
或
or
或
or
或
or
或
or
或更多
or more
小提示:
倾斜放置的卡片可以跨过更多网格线;卡片对角线长为
A tilted card can cross more grid lines than a card lined up with the squares; the card’s diagonal has length
大提示:
试着把卡片旋转 ,并让中心放在一个网格交点上,数每个角伸进了多少个小正方形
Try tilting the card with its center on a grid corner, and count how many squares each corner of the card pokes into
解答:
如图所示,将卡片旋转 ,并把中心放在四个棋盘小格相交的角点上。因为卡片对角线 大于 ,卡片的四个角都会越过网格线伸入下一格。
卡片覆盖中央的 共 个小正方形,并且在四边各伸入另外 个小正方形,总共 个。
这也是最大可能值。卡片边长只有 英寸,所以水平和竖直方向跨度都最多约 英寸,因此它位于一个 、共含 格的方格块内。只有卡片的四个尖角能到达该方格块边缘,它不可能到达这个方格块的四个角格,所以最多覆盖 个。既然 可以达到,最大值就是 ,属于“ 或更多”。
所以正确答案是 E。
Tilt the card and center it on a corner where four grid squares meet, as shown. Because the card’s diagonal, is longer than each of the four corners of the card reaches past a grid line into the next square.
The card covers the central block of squares and pokes into more squares on each of its four sides, giving squares.
This is also the most possible. The card is only inches wide, so its overall width and height are each at most inches; it therefore lies within a block of squares. Its four pointed corners are the only parts that reach the edge of that block, so it can never reach the four corner squares of the block, leaving at most Since is achievable, the maximum is which falls in the range “ or more.”
Thus, the correct answer is E .