2013 AMC 12A Problem 23

Attempt Problem 23 of the 2013 AMC 12A below, then check your answer against the professionally curated solution from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 2013 AMC 12A solutions, or check the answer key.

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23.

ABCDABCD is a square of side length 3+1.\sqrt{3} + 1. Point PP is on AC\overline{AC} such that AP=2.AP = \sqrt{2}. The square region bounded by ABCDABCD is rotated 9090^\circ counterclockwise with center P,P, sweeping out a region whose area is 1c(aπ+b),\dfrac{1}{c}(a\pi + b), where a,a, b,b, and cc are positive integers and gcd(a,b,c)=1.\gcd(a, b, c) = 1. What is a+b+c?a + b + c?

1515

1717

1919

2121

2323

Answer: C
Concepts:transformationsectorarea decomposition
Difficulty rating: 2520
Small Hint:

Track the images A,B,C,D;A', B', C', D'; the swept region is four circular sectors plus four triangles

Big Hint:

AP=2AP = \sqrt{2} and PC=6PC = \sqrt{6} give the sector radii, and BPH\triangle BPH is a 303060609090 triangle

Solution:

Let A,B,C,DA', B', C', D' be the images of the vertices under the rotation. The swept region decomposes into four circular sectors and four triangles.

Since AP=2AP = \sqrt{2} and PC=ACAP=6,PC = AC - AP = \sqrt{6}, the sectors at AA and CC have areas π2\tfrac{\pi}{2} and 3π2.\tfrac{3\pi}{2}. If HH is the midpoint of AA,AA', then PH=AH=1PH=AH=1 and HB=3,HB=\sqrt3, so BPH\triangle BPH is a 3030-6060-9090^\circ triangle and PB=2.PB=2. Hence the two 6060^\circ sectors along BCBC each have area 2π3.\frac{2\pi}{3}. The two triangles with altitude PHPH contribute 31,\sqrt3-1, and the other congruent pair has altitude 3\sqrt3 and contributes 33.3-\sqrt3. Thus the four triangles contribute 2.2.

The total area is π2+3π2+22π3+2=10π+63, \begin{gathered} \dfrac{\pi}{2} + \dfrac{3\pi}{2} + 2\cdot\dfrac{2\pi}{3} + 2 \\ = \dfrac{10\pi + 6}{3}, \end{gathered} so a+b+c=10+6+3=19.a + b + c = 10 + 6 + 3 = 19.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

Problem 22#22
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