Question

In a magical swamp there are two species of talking amphibians: toads, whose statements are always true, and frogs, whose statements are always false. Four amphibians, Brian, Chris, LeRoy, and Mike live together in this swamp, and they make the following statements.

Brian: "Mike and I are different species."

Chris: "LeRoy is a frog."

LeRoy: "Chris is a frog."

Mike: "Of the four of us, at least two are toads."

How many of these amphibians are frogs?

$0$

$1$

$2$

$3$

$4$

Answer: D

Concepts:truth-tellers and liars logical deduction

Difficulty rating: 1540

Solution:

Chris and LeRoy cannot both be frogs, because then both of their statements would be true. They cannot both be toads either, because then both statements would be false. Thus exactly one of them is a toad.

If Brian were a toad, his statement would make Mike a frog. Brian and the one toad among Chris and LeRoy would then make Mike's statement true, which is impossible for a frog. Therefore Brian is a frog. His statement is false, so Mike is also a frog. Along with the one frog among Chris and LeRoy, there are $3$ frogs.

Thus, D is the correct answer.

2010 AMC 10A Problem 15

Answer: D

Difficulty rating: 1540

Solution:

Problem 15 in Other Years