2002 AIME II Problem 9

Attempt Problem 9 of the 2002 AIME II below, then check your answer against the professionally curated solution from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 2002 AIME II solutions, or check the answer key.

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9.

Let S\mathcal{S} be the set {1,2,3,,10}.\{1, 2, 3, \ldots, 10\}. Let nn be the number of sets of two non-empty disjoint subsets of S.\mathcal{S}. (Disjoint sets are defined as sets that have no common elements.) Find the remainder obtained when nn is divided by 1000.1000.

Answer: 501
Concepts:subsetsmultiplication principleinclusion-exclusion
Difficulty rating: 2500
Solution:

Count ordered pairs (A,B)(A, B) of disjoint subsets first: each of the 1010 elements goes in A,A, in B,B, or in neither, for 3103^{10} pairs. Among these, 2102^{10} have AA empty and 2102^{10} have BB empty, with the pair (,)(\varnothing, \varnothing) counted in both, so 3102210+1=570023^{10} - 2 \cdot 2^{10} + 1 = 57002 ordered pairs have both subsets non-empty.

Disjoint non-empty subsets are never equal, so each set {A,B}\{A, B\} is counted twice, giving n=570022=28501.n = \frac{57002}{2} = 28501. The remainder mod 10001000 is 501.501.

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