2013 AIME I Problem 9

Attempt Problem 9 of the 2013 AIME I below, then check your answer against the professionally curated solution from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 2013 AIME I solutions, or check the answer key.

All problems are used with official legal permission of the Mathematical Association of America (MAA).

9.

A paper equilateral triangle ABCABC has side length 12.12. The paper triangle is folded so that vertex AA touches a point on side BC‾\overline{BC} a distance 99 from point B.B. The length of the line segment along which the triangle is folded can be written as mpn,\frac{m\sqrt{p}}{n}, where m,m, n,n, and pp are positive integers, mm and nn are relatively prime, and pp is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find m+n+p.m + n + p.

Answer: 113
Concepts:paper foldinglaw of cosinesequilateral triangle
Difficulty rating: 2920
Small Hint:

Folding preserves distances: if the crease meets AB‾\overline{AB} at P,P, then PP is equidistant from AA and from the landing point on BC‾\overline{BC}

Big Hint:

The law of cosines in the 60∘60^\circ corner triangles at BB and CC locates both crease endpoints; then apply the law of cosines once more at AA

Solution:

Let A′A' be the landing point, with BA′=9BA' = 9 and CA′=3,CA' = 3, and let the crease meet AB‾\overline{AB} at PP and AC‾\overline{AC} at Q.Q. Folding preserves distances, so PA′=PA=xPA' = PA = x and QA′=QA=y.QA' = QA = y. In triangle PBA′,PBA', with PB=12−xPB = 12 - x and ∠B=60∘,\angle B = 60^\circ, the law of cosines gives x2=(12−x)2+81−9(12−x), \begin{aligned} x^2 &= (12 - x)^2 + 81 \\ &\quad {}- 9(12 - x), \end{aligned} which simplifies to 15x=117,15x = 117, so x=395.x = \frac{39}{5}. Similarly, in triangle QCA′,QCA', y2=(12−y)2+9−3(12−y)y^2 = (12 - y)^2 + 9 - 3(12 - y) gives 21y=117,21y = 117, so y=397.y = \frac{39}{7}.

Finally, in triangle APQAPQ with ∠A=60∘,\angle A = 60^\circ, PQ2=x2+y2−xy=392(125+149−135)=392⋅49+25−351225=3931225, \begin{aligned} PQ^2 &= x^2 + y^2 - xy \\ &= 39^2\left(\frac{1}{25} + \frac{1}{49} - \frac{1}{35}\right) \\ &= 39^2 \cdot \frac{49 + 25 - 35}{1225} \\ &= \frac{39^3}{1225}, \end{aligned} so PQ=393935.PQ = \frac{39\sqrt{39}}{35}. Thus m+n+p=39+35+39m + n + p = 39 + 35 + 39 =113.= 113.

Problem 8#8
Full Exam

Problem 9 in Other Years