1982 AMC 12 详解

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

1.

多项式 x32x^3-2 除以多项式 x22x^2-2 的余式是

When the polynomial x32x^3-2 is divided by the polynomial x22,x^2-2, the remainder is

22

2-2

2x2-2x-2

2x+22x+2

2x22x-2

知识点:多项式代数变形
难度评级:1110
小提示:

在模 x22x^2-2 的意义下计算

Work modulo x22x^2-2

大提示:

x32x^3-2 中用 22 代替 x2x^2

Replace x2x^2 by 22 in x32x^3-2

解答:

x22x^2-2 时,x22x^2\equiv2,所以 x322x2x^3-2\equiv2x-2。这个一次多项式就是余式。

所以正确答案是 E

Modulo x22,x^2-2, we have x22,x^2\equiv2, so x322x2.x^3-2\equiv2x-2. This linear polynomial is the remainder.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

2.

xx 的八倍增加二,再取所得结果的四分之一,等于

If a number eight times as large as xx is increased by two, then one fourth of the result equals

2x+122x+\frac12

x+12x+\frac12

2x+22x+2

2x+42x+4

2x+162x+16

难度评级:900
小提示:

先把前两个运算写成代数式,再除以四

Translate the first two operations before dividing

大提示:

逐项化简 8x+24\frac{8x+2}{4}

Simplify 8x+24\frac{8x+2}{4} term by term

解答:

xx 的八倍增加二后是 8x+28x+2。它的四分之一为 8x+24=2x+12\frac{8x+2}{4}=2x+\frac12

所以正确答案是 A

Eight times x,x, increased by two, is 8x+2.8x+2. One fourth is 8x+24=2x+12.\frac{8x+2}{4}=2x+\frac12.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

3.

x=2x=2(xx)(xx)(x^x)^{(x^x)} 的值。

Evaluate (xx)(xx)(x^x)^{(x^x)} at x=2.x=2.

1616

6464

256256

10241024

65,53665{,}536

知识点:指数换元法
难度评级:1020
小提示:

先计算里面的 xxx^x

Evaluate the inner xxx^x first

大提示:

同一个值会同时成为底数和指数

The same value becomes both the base and exponent

解答:

x=2x=2 时,xx=22=4x^x=2^2=4。因此 (xx)(xx)=44=256(x^x)^{(x^x)}=4^4=256

所以正确答案是 C

At x=2,x=2, xx=22=4.x^x=2^2=4. Hence (xx)(xx)=44=256.(x^x)^{(x^x)}=4^4=256.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

4.

一个半圆形区域的周长(以厘米计)与其面积(以平方厘米计)数值相等。这个半圆的半径(以厘米计)是

The perimeter of a semicircular region, measured in centimeters, is numerically equal to its area, measured in square centimeters. The radius of the semicircle, measured in centimeters, is

π\pi

2π\frac2\pi

11

12\frac12

4π+2\frac4\pi+2

难度评级:1290
小提示:

计算该区域的周长时要包括直径

Include the diameter in the perimeter of the region

大提示:

πr+2r\pi r+2r 等于 πr22\frac{\pi r^2}{2}

Set πr+2r\pi r+2r equal to πr22\frac{\pi r^2}{2}

解答:

r>0r\gt0 时,周长与面积相等给出 πr+2r=πr22\pi r+2r=\frac{\pi r^2}{2}。两边除以 rr 并求解,得到 r=2(π+2)π=2+4πr=\frac{2(\pi+2)}{\pi}=2+\frac{4}{\pi}

所以正确答案是 E

For r>0,r\gt0, equality of perimeter and area gives πr+2r=πr22.\pi r+2r=\frac{\pi r^2}{2}. Dividing by rr and solving yields r=2(π+2)π=2+4π.r=\frac{2(\pi+2)}{\pi}=2+\frac{4}{\pi}.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

5.

两个正数 xxyy 的比为 a:ba:b,其中 0<a<b0\lt a\lt b。若 x+y=cx+y=c,则 xxyy 中较小的数是

Two positive numbers xx and yy are in the ratio a:b,a:b, where 0<a<b.0\lt a\lt b. If x+y=c,x+y=c, then the smaller of xx and yy is

acb\frac{ac}{b}

bcacb\frac{bc-ac}{b}

aca+b\frac{ac}{a+b}

bca+b\frac{bc}{a+b}

acba\frac{ac}{b-a}

知识点:比与比例
难度评级:1100
小提示:

将这两个数写成 kakakbkb

Write the numbers as kaka and kbkb

大提示:

利用它们的和求出共同的比例因子

Use their sum to determine the common scale factor

解答:

写成 x=kax=kay=kby=kb。因为 a<ba\lt b,所以 xx 较小。由 k(a+b)=ck(a+b)=ck=ca+bk=\frac{c}{a+b},因此 x=aca+bx=\frac{ac}{a+b}

所以正确答案是 C

Write x=kax=ka and y=kb.y=kb. Since a<b,a\lt b, xx is smaller. From k(a+b)=c,k(a+b)=c, k=ca+b,k=\frac{c}{a+b}, so x=aca+b.x=\frac{ac}{a+b}.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

6.

一个凸多边形除一个内角以外的所有内角之和为 25702570^\circ。剩下的内角是

The sum of all but one of the interior angles of a convex polygon equals 2570.2570^\circ. The remaining angle is

9090^\circ

105105^\circ

120120^\circ

130130^\circ

144144^\circ

难度评级:1360
小提示:

多边形的内角和是 180180^\circ 的倍数

A polygon’s total interior angle sum is a multiple of 180180^\circ

大提示:

缺少的凸角使总和严格介于 25702570^\circ27502750^\circ 之间

The missing convex angle must place the total strictly between 25702570^\circ and 27502750^\circ

解答:

内角和必须为 (n2)180(n-2)180^\circ,而缺少的角介于 00^\circ180180^\circ 之间。介于 25702570^\circ27502750^\circ 之间唯一的 180180^\circ 的倍数是 27002700^\circ,所以缺少的角为 27002570=1302700^\circ-2570^\circ=130^\circ

所以正确答案是 D

The total must be (n2)180(n-2)180^\circ and the missing angle lies between 00^\circ and 180.180^\circ. The only multiple of 180180^\circ between 25702570^\circ and 27502750^\circ is 2700,2700^\circ, leaving 27002570=130.2700^\circ-2570^\circ=130^\circ.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

7.

若运算 xyx*y 定义为 xy=(x+1)(y+1)1x*y=(x+1)(y+1)-1,则下列哪一项是错误的?

If the operation xyx*y is defined by xy=(x+1)(y+1)1,x*y=(x+1)(y+1)-1, then which one of the following is false?

对所有实数 xxyy,都有 xy=yxx*y=y*x

xy=yxx*y=y*x for all real xx and y.y.

对所有实数 xxyyzzx(y+z)x*(y+z) 等于 (xy)+(xz)(x*y)+(x*z)

x(y+z)x*(y+z) equals (xy)+(xz)(x*y)+(x*z) for all real x,x, y,y, and z.z.

对所有实数 xx(x1)(x+1)(x-1)*(x+1) 等于 (xx)1(x*x)-1

(x1)(x+1)(x-1)*(x+1) equals (xx)1(x*x)-1 for all real x.x.

对所有实数 xx,都有 x0=xx*0=x

x0=xx*0=x for all real x.x.

对所有实数 xxyyzz,都有 x(yz)=(xy)zx*(y*z)=(x*y)*z

x(yz)=(xy)zx*(y*z)=(x*y)*z for all real x,x, y,y, and z.z.

难度评级:1390
小提示:

先将该运算化简为 x+y+xyx+y+xy

First simplify the operation to x+y+xyx+y+xy

大提示:

x=1x=1y=z=0y=z=0 检验所给的分配律

Test the proposed distributive law with x=1x=1 and y=z=0y=z=0

解答:

因为 xy=x+y+xyx*y=x+y+xy,该运算满足交换律,单位元为 00,并且各数加 11 后会转化为普通乘法。因此它满足结合律,直接展开也能验证 C。当 x=1x=1y=z=0y=z=0 时,命题 B 不成立:左边为 10=11*0=1,而右边为 (10)+(10)=2(1*0)+(1*0)=2。所以 B 错误。

所以正确答案是 B

Since xy=x+y+xy,x*y=x+y+xy, the operation is commutative, has identity 0,0, and becomes ordinary multiplication after adding 1.1. Thus it is associative, and direct expansion also verifies C. Statement B fails when x=1x=1 and y=z=0:y=z=0: its left side is 10=1,1*0=1, but its right side is (10)+(10)=2.(1*0)+(1*0)=2. Hence B is false.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

8.

按定义,r!=r(r1)1r!=r(r-1)\cdots1,且 (jk)=j!k!(jk)!\binom jk=\frac{j!}{k!(j-k)!},其中 rrjjkk 为正整数且 k<jk\lt j。若 (n1)\binom n1(n2)\binom n2(n3)\binom n3 构成等差数列,且 n>3n\gt3,则 nn 等于

By definition r!=r(r1)1r!=r(r-1)\cdots1 and (jk)=j!k!(jk)!,\binom jk=\frac{j!}{k!(j-k)!}, where r,r, j,j, kk are positive integers and k<j.k\lt j. If (n1),\binom n1, (n2),\binom n2, (n3)\binom n3 form an arithmetic progression with n>3,n\gt3, then nn equals

55

77

99

1111

1212

难度评级:1730
小提示:

等差数列的中项是相邻两项的平均数

The middle term of an arithmetic progression is the average of its neighbors

大提示:

将阶乘公式代入 2(n2)=(n1)+(n3)2\binom n2=\binom n1+\binom n3

Substitute the factorial formulas into 2(n2)=(n1)+(n3)2\binom n2=\binom n1+\binom n3

解答:

等差条件为 2(n2)=(n1)+(n3)2\binom n2=\binom n1+\binom n3。代入并约分得到 n29n+14=0n^2-9n+14=0,即 (n2)(n7)=0(n-2)(n-7)=0。因为 n>3n\gt3,所以 n=7n=7

所以正确答案是 B

The progression condition is 2(n2)=(n1)+(n3).2\binom n2=\binom n1+\binom n3. Substitution and cancellation give n29n+14=0,n^2-9n+14=0, or (n2)(n7)=0.(n-2)(n-7)=0. Since n>3,n\gt3, n=7.n=7.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

9.

xyxy 平面中,一条竖直直线将顶点为 (0,0)(0,0)(1,1)(1,1)(9,1)(9,1) 的三角形分成面积相等的两个区域。这条直线的方程为 x=x=

A vertical line divides the triangle with vertices (0,0),(0,0), (1,1)(1,1) and (9,1)(9,1) in the xyxy-plane into two regions of equal area. The equation of the line is x=x=

2.52.5

3.03.0

3.53.5

4.04.0

4.54.5

难度评级:1630
小提示:

1x91\le x\le9 时,三角形位于 y=x9y=\frac{x}{9}y=1y=1 之间

For 1x9,1\le x\le9, the triangle lies between y=x9y=\frac{x}{9} and y=1y=1

大提示:

令累计面积等于三角形总面积的一半

Set the accumulated area to one half of the triangle’s total area

解答:

三角形的面积为 44。当 0x10\le x\le1 时,该部分面积为 01(xx9)dx=49 \int_0^1\left(x-\frac x9\right)\,dx=\frac49\text{。}对于截线 x=t1x=t\ge1,其左侧面积为 49+1t(1x9)dx\frac49+\int_1^t(1-\frac{x}{9})\,dx。令其等于 22,得到 tt218=52t-\frac{t^2}{18}=\frac{5}{2},相关的解为 t=3t=3

所以正确答案是 B

The triangle has area 4.4. The portion with 0x10\le x\le1 has area 01(xx9)dx=49. \int_0^1\left(x-\frac x9\right)\,dx=\frac49. For a cut x=t1,x=t\ge1, the area to its left is therefore 49+1t(1x9)dx.\frac49+\int_1^t(1-\frac{x}{9})\,dx. Setting this equal to 22 gives tt218=52,t-\frac{t^2}{18}=\frac{5}{2}, whose relevant solution is t=3.t=3.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

10.

在右图中,BOBO 平分 CBA\angle CBACOCO 平分 ACB\angle ACB,且 MNMN 平行于 BCBC。若 AB=12AB=12BC=24BC=24AC=18AC=18,则 AMN\triangle AMN 的周长为

In the adjoining diagram, BOBO bisects CBA,\angle CBA, COCO bisects ACB,\angle ACB, and MNMN is parallel to BC.BC. If AB=12,AB=12, BC=24,BC=24, and AC=18,AC=18, then the perimeter of AMN\triangle AMN is

3030

3333

3636

3939

4242

难度评级:1910
小提示:

因为 OO 是内心,所以它到 BCBC 的距离就是内切圆半径

Because OO is the incenter, its distance from BCBC is the inradius

大提示:

比较 AMN\triangle AMNABC\triangle ABC 的高

Compare the altitude of AMN\triangle AMN with the altitude of ABC\triangle ABC

解答:

边长为 121218182424 的三角形半周长为 2727,面积为 271593=2715 \sqrt{27\cdot15\cdot9\cdot3}=27\sqrt{15}\text{,}所以内切圆半径为 r=15r=\sqrt{15}。以 BCBC 为底,高为 h=2(2715)24=9154h=\frac{2(27\sqrt{15})}{24}=\frac{9\sqrt{15}}{4}。因此,从 ABC\triangle ABCAMN\triangle AMN 的相似比为 1rh=149=591-\frac{r}{h}=1-\frac{4}{9}=\frac{5}{9}。它的周长为 (59)(12+18+24)=30(\frac{5}{9})(12+18+24)=30

所以正确答案是 A

The sides 12,12, 18,18, 2424 have semiperimeter 2727 and area 271593=2715, \sqrt{27\cdot15\cdot9\cdot3}=27\sqrt{15}, so the inradius is r=15.r=\sqrt{15}. Taking BCBC as base, the altitude is h=2(2715)24=9154.h=\frac{2(27\sqrt{15})}{24}=\frac{9\sqrt{15}}{4}. Thus the similarity scale from ABC\triangle ABC to AMN\triangle AMN is 1rh=149=59.1-\frac{r}{h}=1-\frac{4}{9}=\frac{5}{9}. Its perimeter is (59)(12+18+24)=30.(\frac{5}{9})(12+18+24)=30.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

11.

1,0001{,}0009,9999{,}999 之间,有多少个各位数字互不相同的四位整数,使得首位数字与末位数字之差的绝对值为 22

How many integers with four different digits are there between 1,0001{,}000 and 9,9999{,}999 such that the absolute value of the difference between the first digit and the last digit is 2?2?

672672

784784

840840

896896

1,0081{,}008

难度评级:1710
小提示:

先计算所有符合条件的(首位数字,末位数字)有序对

First count the allowed ordered pairs of first and last digits

大提示:

固定首末两位后,再从其余八个数字中依次选出两个不同的中间数字

Once those digits are fixed, choose two distinct middle digits from the remaining eight

解答:

首位数字依次取 1,,91,\ldots,9 时,相差 22 的末位数字个数为 1+1+2+2+21+1+2+2+2 加上 2+2+1+12+2+1+1,共 1414 个。此外,首位为 22 时末位还可为 00,因而共有 1515 个首末数字有序对。中间两位有 878\cdot7 种有序选法。因此总数为 1556=84015\cdot56=840

因此,正确答案为 C

For leading digits 1,,9,1,\ldots,9, the number of possible last digits differing by 22 is 1+1+2+2+21+1+2+2+2 plus 2+2+1+1,2+2+1+1, or 14.14. In addition, leading digit 22 may end in 0,0, giving 1515 endpoint pairs. The middle digits can then be chosen in 878\cdot7 ordered ways. Thus the count is 1556=840.15\cdot56=840.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

12.

f(x)=ax7+bx3+cx5f(x)=ax^7+bx^3+cx-5,其中 aabbcc 为常数。若 f(7)=7f(-7)=7,则 f(7)f(7) 等于

Let f(x)=ax7+bx3+cx5,f(x)=ax^7+bx^3+cx-5, where a,a, b,b, and cc are constants. If f(7)=7,f(-7)=7, then f(7)f(7) equals

17-17

7-7

1414

2121

不能唯一确定

not uniquely determined

难度评级:1360
小提示:

将常数项与含奇次幂的各项分开

Separate the constant term from the odd-powered terms

大提示:

g(x)=f(x)+5g(x)=f(x)+5,比较 g(7)g(7)g(7)g(-7)

If g(x)=f(x)+5,g(x)=f(x)+5, compare g(7)g(7) and g(7)g(-7)

解答:

g(x)=ax7+bx3+cxg(x)=ax^7+bx^3+cx,则它是奇函数。由 f(7)=g(7)5=7f(-7)=g(-7)-5=7,得 g(7)=12g(-7)=12。因此 g(7)=12g(7)=-12,从而 f(7)=125=17f(7)=-12-5=-17

因此,正确答案为 A

Let g(x)=ax7+bx3+cx,g(x)=ax^7+bx^3+cx, which is odd. Since f(7)=g(7)5=7,f(-7)=g(-7)-5=7, g(7)=12.g(-7)=12. Therefore g(7)=12,g(7)=-12, and f(7)=125=17.f(7)=-12-5=-17.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

13.

a>1a\gt1b>1b\gt1,且 p=logb(logba)logbap=\frac{\log_b(\log_ba)}{\log_ba},则 apa^p 等于

If a>1,a\gt1, b>1b\gt1 and p=logb(logba)logba,p=\frac{\log_b(\log_ba)}{\log_ba}, then apa^p equals

11

bb

logab\log_ab

logba\log_ba

alogbaa^{\log_ba}

知识点:对数指数
难度评级:1730
小提示:

t=logbat=\log_ba,则 a=bta=b^t

Let t=logba,t=\log_ba, so a=bta=b^t

大提示:

pp 改写为 logbtt\frac{\log_bt}{t}

Rewrite pp as logbtt\frac{\log_bt}{t}

解答:

t=logbat=\log_ba,则 a=bta=b^t,且 p=logbttp=\frac{\log_bt}{t}。于是 ap=(bt)logbtta^p=(b^t)^{\frac{\log_bt}{t}},即 blogbt=tb^{\log_bt}=t。因此 ap=logbaa^p=\log_ba

因此,正确答案为 D

Set t=logba,t=\log_ba, so a=bta=b^t and p=logbtt.p=\frac{\log_bt}{t}. Then ap=(bt)logbtt,a^p=(b^t)^{\frac{\log_bt}{t}}, which equals blogbt=t.b^{\log_bt}=t. Therefore ap=logba.a^p=\log_ba.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

14.

在右图中,点 BBCC 位于线段 ADAD 上,且 ABABBCBCCDCD 分别为圆 OONNPP 的直径。圆 OONNPP 的半径均为 1515,直线 AGAG 在点 GG 处与圆 PP 相切。若 AGAG 与圆 NN 相交于点 EEFF,则弦 EFEF 的长度为

In the adjoining figure, points BB and CC lie on line segment AD,AD, and AB,AB, BC,BC, and CDCD are diameters of circles O,O, N,N, and P,P, respectively. Circles O,O, N,N, and PP all have radius 15,15, and the line AGAG is tangent to circle PP at G.G. If AGAG intersects circle NN at points EE and F,F, then chord EFEF has length

2020

15215\sqrt2

2424

2525

以上都不是

none of these

知识点:切线相似
难度评级:2090
小提示:

利用直角三角形 APGAPG 求点 NN 到直线 AGAG 的距离

Use right triangle APGAPG to find the distance from NN to line AGAG

大提示:

在一个圆中,到圆心距离为 dd 的弦长为 2r2d22\sqrt{r^2-d^2}

A chord at distance dd from a circle’s center has length 2r2d22\sqrt{r^2-d^2}

解答:

这里 AP=75AP=75PG=15PG=15,且 AGPGAG\perp PG。点 NNAGAG 的距离按 ANAP=4575\frac{AN}{AP}=\frac{45}{75} 成比例,因此该距离为 15(4575)=915(\frac{45}{75})=9。所以半径为 1515 的圆中,这条弦的长度为 215292=2144=242\sqrt{15^2-9^2}=2\sqrt{144}=24

因此,正确答案为 C

Here AP=75,AP=75, PG=15,PG=15, and AGPG.AG\perp PG. The distance from NN to AGAG scales with ANAP=4575,\frac{AN}{AP}=\frac{45}{75}, so it is 15(4575)=9.15(\frac{45}{75})=9. Therefore the chord in the radius-1515 circle has length 215292=2144=24.2\sqrt{15^2-9^2}=2\sqrt{144}=24.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

15.

z\lfloor z\rfloor 表示不超过 zz 的最大整数。设 xxyy 满足联立方程 y=2x+3,y=3x2+5 \begin{aligned} y&=2\lfloor x\rfloor+3,\\ y&=3\lfloor x-2\rfloor+5 \end{aligned}\text{。}xx 不是整数,则 x+yx+y

Let z\lfloor z\rfloor denote the greatest integer not exceeding z.z. Let xx and yy satisfy the simultaneous equations y=2x+3,y=3x2+5. \begin{aligned} y&=2\lfloor x\rfloor+3,\\ y&=3\lfloor x-2\rfloor+5. \end{aligned} If xx is not an integer, then x+yx+y is

是整数

an integer

4455 之间

between 44 and 55

4-444 之间

between 4-4 and 44

15151616 之间

between 1515 and 1616

16.516.5

难度评级:1660
小提示:

xx 不是整数时,找出 x2\lfloor x-2\rfloorx\lfloor x\rfloor 的关系

For nonintegral x,x, relate x2\lfloor x-2\rfloor to x\lfloor x\rfloor

大提示:

n=xn=\lfloor x\rfloor,再令两个 yy 的表达式相等

Let n=xn=\lfloor x\rfloor and equate the two formulas for yy

解答:

对于非整数 xx,令 n=xn=\lfloor x\rfloor;则 x2=n2\lfloor x-2\rfloor=n-2。因而 2n+3=3(n2)+52n+3=3(n-2)+5,所以 n=4n=4,且 y=11y=11。由于 4<x<54\lt x\lt5,可得 15<x+y<1615\lt x+y\lt16

因此,正确答案为 D

For nonintegral x,x, let n=x;n=\lfloor x\rfloor; then x2=n2.\lfloor x-2\rfloor=n-2. Thus 2n+3=3(n2)+5,2n+3=3(n-2)+5, so n=4n=4 and y=11.y=11. Since 4<x<5,4\lt x\lt5, we have 15<x+y<16.15\lt x+y\lt16.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

16.

在右图中,一个木制正方体的棱长为 33 米。以每个面中心为中心,开出边长为一米并贯穿到相对面的正方形孔洞。孔洞的各边均与正方体的棱平行。包括孔洞内部在内的总表面积(单位:平方米)为

In the adjoining figure, a wooden cube has edges of length 33 meters. Square holes of side one meter, centered in each face, are cut through to the opposite face. The edges of the holes are parallel to the edges of the cube. The entire surface area including the inside, in square meters, is

5454

7272

7676

8484

8686

难度评级:1860
小提示:

先计算各外表面挖去中央正方形后的面积

Start with the outer faces after removing their central squares

大提示:

对三个通道分别计算其四个内壁未被相交通道挖去的部分

For each of the three tunnels, count the four interior walls not removed by the crossing tunnels

解答:

六个外表面的面积为 6(3212)=486(3^2-1^2)=48。三条长为 33 的正方形通道各有四个内壁,但每个内壁中央长为一个单位的部分被垂直通道挖去,因此每个内壁留下的面积为 22。所以内部表面积为 342=243\cdot4\cdot2=24。总面积为 48+24=7248+24=72

因此,正确答案为 B

The six outer faces contribute 6(3212)=48.6(3^2-1^2)=48. Each of the three length-33 square tunnels has four inner walls, but the central unit segment of every wall is removed by a perpendicular tunnel, leaving area 22 per wall. Thus the inside contributes 342=24.3\cdot4\cdot2=24. The total is 48+24=72.48+24=72.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

17.

有多少个实数 xx 满足方程 32x+23x+33x+3=03^{2x+2}-3^{x+3}-3^x+3=0

How many real numbers xx satisfy the equation 32x+23x+33x+3=0?3^{2x+2}-3^{x+3}-3^x+3=0?

00

11

22

33

44

难度评级:1590
小提示:

代入 t=3xt=3^x,并注意 t>0t\gt0

Substitute t=3x,t=3^x, noting that t>0t\gt0

大提示:

该方程会化为关于 tt 的二次方程

The equation becomes a quadratic in tt

解答:

t=3x>0t=3^x\gt0。则 9t228t+3=09t^2-28t+3=0,其两根为 t=3t=3t=19t=\frac{1}{9}。两根均为正数,且各自对应唯一的实数 xx,因此共有 22 个解。

因此,正确答案为 C

Let t=3x>0.t=3^x\gt0. Then 9t228t+3=0,9t^2-28t+3=0, whose roots are t=3t=3 and t=19.t=\frac{1}{9}. Both are positive and each corresponds to one real x,x, so there are 22 solutions.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

18.

在右图的长方体中,DHG=45\angle DHG=45^\circ,且 FHB=60\angle FHB=60^\circ。求 BHD\angle BHD 的余弦值。

In the adjoining figure of a rectangular solid, DHG=45\angle DHG=45^\circ and FHB=60.\angle FHB=60^\circ. Find the cosine of BHD.\angle BHD.

36\frac{\sqrt3}{6}

26\frac{\sqrt2}{6}

63\frac{\sqrt6}{3}

64\frac{\sqrt6}{4}

624\frac{\sqrt6-\sqrt2}{4}

难度评级:2230
小提示:

HH 为原点,沿三条两两垂直的棱建立坐标系

Assign coordinates at HH along the three mutually perpendicular edges

大提示:

将两个已知角转化为三条棱长之间的关系,再使用点积

Translate the two given angles into relationships among the three edge lengths, then use a dot product

解答:

H=(0,0,0)H=(0,0,0)F=(u,0,0)F=(u,0,0)G=(0,v,0)G=(0,v,0),且 C=(0,0,w)C=(0,0,w)。则 B=(u,0,w)B=(u,0,w),且 D=(0,v,w)D=(0,v,w)。由 6060^\circ 的条件得 w=3uw=\sqrt3u,而由 4545^\circ 的条件得 v=wv=w。因此 cosBHD=w2u2+w22w2=64 \begin{aligned} \cos\angle BHD &=\frac{w^2} {\sqrt{u^2+w^2}\sqrt{2w^2}}\\ &=\frac{\sqrt6}{4} \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案为 D

Let H=(0,0,0),H=(0,0,0), F=(u,0,0),F=(u,0,0), G=(0,v,0),G=(0,v,0), and C=(0,0,w).C=(0,0,w). Then B=(u,0,w)B=(u,0,w) and D=(0,v,w).D=(0,v,w). The 6060^\circ condition gives w=3u,w=\sqrt3u, while the 4545^\circ condition gives v=w.v=w. Hence cosBHD=w2u2+w22w2=64. \begin{aligned} \cos\angle BHD &=\frac{w^2} {\sqrt{u^2+w^2}\sqrt{2w^2}}\\ &=\frac{\sqrt6}{4}. \end{aligned}

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

19.

f(x)=x2+x4f(x)=|x-2|+|x-4| 2x6-|2x-6|,其中 2x82\le x\le8。则 f(x)f(x) 的最大值与最小值之和为

Let f(x)=x2+x4f(x)=|x-2|+|x-4| 2x6,-|2x-6|, for 2x8.2\le x\le8. The sum of the largest and smallest values of f(x)f(x) is

11

22

44

66

以上都不是

none of these

难度评级:1630
小提示:

在零点 223344 处分割区间

Break the interval at the zeros 2,2, 3,3, and 44

大提示:

在分出的每个区间上化简 f(x)f(x)

Simplify f(x)f(x) on each resulting interval

解答:

[2,3][2,3] 上,f(x)=2x4f(x)=2x-4;在 [3,4][3,4] 上,f(x)=82xf(x)=8-2x;而在 [4,8][4,8] 上,f(x)=0f(x)=0。因而最小值为 00,最大值为 22,两者之和为 22

因此,正确答案为 B

On [2,3],[2,3], f(x)=2x4;f(x)=2x-4; on [3,4],[3,4], f(x)=82x;f(x)=8-2x; and on [4,8],[4,8], f(x)=0.f(x)=0. Thus the minimum is 00 and the maximum is 2,2, whose sum is 2.2.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

20.

满足方程 x2+y2=x3x^2+y^2=x^3 的正整数对 (x,y)(x,y) 的数量为

The number of pairs of positive integers (x,y)(x,y) which satisfy the equation x2+y2=x3x^2+y^2=x^3 is

00

11

22

无限多

not finite

以上都不是

none of these

难度评级:1940
小提示:

将方程改写为 y2=x2(x1)y^2=x^2(x-1)

Rearrange as y2=x2(x1)y^2=x^2(x-1)

大提示:

x1x-1 为完全平方数

Choose x1x-1 to be a perfect square

解答:

对每个正整数 kk,取 x=k2+1x=k^2+1,且 y=k(k2+1)=kxy=k(k^2+1)=kx。则 y2=k2x2=x2(x1)y^2=k^2x^2=x^2(x-1),所以 x2+y2=x3x^2+y^2=x^3。这样就得到无穷多个正整数对。

因此,正确答案为 D

For every positive integer k,k, take x=k2+1x=k^2+1 and y=k(k2+1)=kx.y=k(k^2+1)=kx. Then y2=k2x2=x2(x1),y^2=k^2x^2=x^2(x-1), so x2+y2=x3.x^2+y^2=x^3. This supplies infinitely many positive-integer pairs.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

21.

在右图中,三角形 ABCABC 是满足 BCA=90\angle BCA=90^\circ 的直角三角形。中线 CMCM 垂直于中线 BNBN,且边 BC=sBC=s。则 BNBN 的长度为

In the adjoining figure, the triangle ABCABC is a right triangle with BCA=90.\angle BCA=90^\circ. Median CMCM is perpendicular to median BN,BN, and side BC=s.BC=s. The length of BNBN is

s2s\sqrt2

32s2\frac32s\sqrt2

2s22s\sqrt2

s52\frac{s\sqrt5}{2}

s62\frac{s\sqrt6}{2}

难度评级:2150
小提示:

C=(0,0)C=(0,0)B=(0,s)B=(0,s),且 A=(t,0)A=(t,0)

Place C=(0,0),C=(0,0), B=(0,s),B=(0,s), and A=(t,0)A=(t,0)

大提示:

对两条中线的方向向量使用点积

Use a dot product for the directions of the two medians

解答:

C=(0,0)C=(0,0)B=(0,s)B=(0,s),且 A=(t,0)A=(t,0)。则 M=(t2,s2)M=(\frac{t}{2},\frac{s}{2}),且 N=(t2,0)N=(\frac{t}{2},0)。由垂直关系得 (t2,s2)(t2,s)=0(\frac{t}{2},\frac{s}{2})\cdot(\frac{t}{2},-s)=0,从而 t2=2s2t^2=2s^2。因此 BN=(t2)2+s2=s22+s2=s62 \begin{aligned} BN&=\sqrt{(\frac{t}{2})^2+s^2}\\ &=\sqrt{\frac{s^2}{2}+s^2}\\ &=\frac{s\sqrt6}{2} \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案为 E

Set C=(0,0),C=(0,0), B=(0,s),B=(0,s), and A=(t,0).A=(t,0). Then M=(t2,s2)M=(\frac{t}{2},\frac{s}{2}) and N=(t2,0).N=(\frac{t}{2},0). Perpendicularity gives (t2,s2)(t2,s)=0,(\frac{t}{2},\frac{s}{2})\cdot(\frac{t}{2},-s)=0, hence t2=2s2.t^2=2s^2. Therefore BN=(t2)2+s2=s22+s2=s62. \begin{aligned} BN&=\sqrt{(\frac{t}{2})^2+s^2}\\ &=\sqrt{\frac{s^2}{2}+s^2}\\ &=\frac{s\sqrt6}{2}. \end{aligned}

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

22.

在一条宽为 ww 的狭窄小巷中,有一架长为 aa 的梯子,其底端位于两墙之间的点 PP。梯子靠在一面墙的点 QQ 时,该点离地高度为 kk,梯子与地面成 4545^\circ 角。梯子靠在另一面墙的点 RR 时,该点离地高度为 hh,梯子与地面成 7575^\circ 角。巷宽 ww 等于

In a narrow alley of width ww a ladder of length aa is placed with its foot at a point PP between the walls. Resting against one wall at Q,Q, a distance kk above the ground, the ladder makes a 4545^\circ angle with the ground. Resting against the other wall at R,R, a distance hh above the ground, the ladder makes a 7575^\circ angle with the ground. The width ww is equal to

aa

RQRQ

kk

h+k2\frac{h+k}{2}

hh

难度评级:1910
小提示:

用余弦表示小巷的两段水平距离

Express the two horizontal portions of the alley using cosines

大提示:

比较 cos75+cos45\cos75^\circ+\cos45^\circsin75\sin75^\circ

Compare cos75+cos45\cos75^\circ+\cos45^\circ with sin75\sin75^\circ

解答:

PP 到两面墙的水平距离分别为 acos75a\cos75^\circacos45a\cos45^\circ,所以 w=a(cos75+cos45)w=a(\cos75^\circ+\cos45^\circ)。由和差化积公式,cos75+cos45=sin75\cos75^\circ+\cos45^\circ=\sin75^\circ。又因为 h=asin75h=a\sin75^\circ,所以 w=hw=h

因此,正确答案为 E

The horizontal distances from PP to the walls are acos75a\cos75^\circ and acos45,a\cos45^\circ, so w=a(cos75+cos45).w=a(\cos75^\circ+\cos45^\circ). The sum-to-product identity gives cos75+cos45=sin75.\cos75^\circ+\cos45^\circ=\sin75^\circ. Since h=asin75,h=a\sin75^\circ, w=h.w=h.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

23.

一个三角形的三边长为连续整数,且最大角是最小角的两倍。最小角的余弦值为

The lengths of the sides of a triangle are consecutive integers, and the largest angle is twice the smallest angle. The cosine of the smallest angle is

34\frac34

710\frac7{10}

23\frac23

914\frac9{14}

以上都不是

none of these

难度评级:2150
小提示:

设最小角与最大角分别为 θ\theta2θ2\theta

Let the smallest and largest angles be θ\theta and 2θ2\theta

大提示:

用正弦定理比较最短边与最长边

Use the law of sines to compare the shortest and longest consecutive sides

解答:

设连续的三边长为 nnn+1n+1n+2n+2,其对角分别为 θ\thetaϕ\phi2θ2\theta。由正弦定理,n+2n=sin2θsinθ=2cosθ \frac{n+2}{n}=\frac{\sin2\theta}{\sin\theta}=2\cos\theta\text{。}对最小角使用余弦定理还可得 cosθ=n2+6n+52(n+1)(n+2) \cos\theta=\frac{n^2+6n+5}{2(n+1)(n+2)}\text{。}令两式相等,得到 n23n4=0n^2-3n-4=0,所以 n=4n=4。因此三边长为 445566,且 cosθ=624=34\cos\theta=\frac{6}{2\cdot4}=\frac{3}{4}

因此,正确答案为 A

Let the consecutive sides be n,n, n+1,n+1, n+2,n+2, opposite angles θ,\theta, ϕ,\phi, 2θ.2\theta. By the law of sines, n+2n=sin2θsinθ=2cosθ. \frac{n+2}{n}=\frac{\sin2\theta}{\sin\theta}=2\cos\theta. The law of cosines at the smallest angle also gives cosθ=n2+6n+52(n+1)(n+2). \cos\theta=\frac{n^2+6n+5}{2(n+1)(n+2)}. Equating these expressions yields n23n4=0,n^2-3n-4=0, so n=4.n=4. Hence the sides are 4,4, 5,5, 66 and cosθ=624=34.\cos\theta=\frac{6}{2\cdot4}=\frac{3}{4}.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

24.

在右图中,一个圆与等边三角形的各边相交于六个点。若 AG=2AG=2GF=13GF=13FC=1FC=1,且 HJ=7HJ=7,则 DEDE 等于

In the adjoining figure, the circle meets the sides of an equilateral triangle at six points. If AG=2,AG=2, GF=13,GF=13, FC=1FC=1 and HJ=7,HJ=7, then DEDE equals

2222\sqrt{22}

737\sqrt3

99

1010

1313

难度评级:2310
小提示:

该三角形的三边长均为 1616

All three sides of the triangle have length 1616

大提示:

分别从 AABBCC 使用点幂定理,将底边的两段与 DEDE 联系起来

Apply power of a point from A,A, B,B, and CC to relate the two base segments and DEDE

解答:

首先,由点 AA 的幂可得 AH(AH+7)=AGAFAH(AH+7)=AG\cdot AF。后一个乘积为 215=302\cdot15=30,所以 AH=3AH=3BJ=6BJ=6,且 BH=13BH=13。令 BD=uBD=uDE=xDE=xEC=vEC=v。对从 BBCC 引出的割线使用点幂定理,得 u(u+x)=BHBJ=136=78,v(v+x)=CFCG=114=14 \begin{aligned} u(u+x)&=BH\cdot BJ\\ &=13\cdot6=78,\\ v(v+x)&=CF\cdot CG\\ &=1\cdot14=14 \end{aligned}\text{。}另外,u+x+v=16u+x+v=16。将两个点幂方程相减,并利用该和式,得到 uv=4u-v=4。因而 u=10x2u=10-\frac{x}{2},且 v=6x2v=6-\frac{x}{2}。代入 v(v+x)=14v(v+x)=14x2=88x^2=88,所以 DE=222DE=2\sqrt{22}

因此,正确答案为 A

First, power of AA gives AH(AH+7)=AGAF.AH(AH+7)=AG\cdot AF. The latter product is 215=30,2\cdot15=30, so AH=3,AH=3, BJ=6,BJ=6, and BH=13.BH=13. Let BD=u,BD=u, DE=x,DE=x, EC=v.EC=v. From the secants at BB and C,C, u(u+x)=BHBJ=136=78,v(v+x)=CFCG=114=14. \begin{aligned} u(u+x)&=BH\cdot BJ\\ &=13\cdot6=78,\\ v(v+x)&=CF\cdot CG\\ &=1\cdot14=14. \end{aligned} Also u+x+v=16.u+x+v=16. Subtracting the power equations and using the sum gives uv=4.u-v=4. Hence u=10x2u=10-\frac{x}{2} and v=6x2.v=6-\frac{x}{2}. Substitution into v(v+x)=14v(v+x)=14 gives x2=88,x^2=88, so DE=222.DE=2\sqrt{22}.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

25.

右图是城市一部分的地图:小长方形是街区,其间的空隙是街道。每天早晨,一名学生从十字路口 AA 沿图示街道步行到十字路口 BB,且始终向东或向南走。为了使路线有所变化,每到一个可以选择方向的路口,他都以 12\frac12 的概率选择向东或向南,各次选择相互独立。求他在任意一天早晨经过十字路口 CC 的概率。

The adjoining figure is a map of part of a city: the small rectangles are blocks and the spaces in between are streets. Each morning a student walks from intersection AA to intersection B,B, always walking along streets shown, always going east or south. For variety, at each intersection where he has a choice, he chooses with probability 12\frac12 (independent of all other choices) whether to go east or south. Find the probability that, on any given morning, he walks through intersection C.C.

1132\frac{11}{32}

12\frac12

47\frac47

2132\frac{21}{32}

34\frac34

难度评级:2090
小提示:

到达 CC 等价于在第四次向南走之前完成第三次向东走

Reaching CC means making the third eastward move before the fourth southward move

大提示:

按第三次向东走之前向南走的次数 i=0,1,2,3i=0,1,2,3 分类

Condition on the number i=0,1,2,3i=0,1,2,3 of south moves made before the third east move

解答:

若在第三次向东走之前已经向南走了 ii 次,则到达 CC 的最后一步是向东走,而此前的 2+i2+i 步中有两步向东。因此 Pr(C)=i=03(2+i2)2(3+i)=18+316+632+1064=2132 \begin{aligned} \Pr(C) &=\sum_{i=0}^3\binom{2+i}{2}2^{-(3+i)}\\ &=\frac18+\frac3{16}+\frac6{32}\\ &\quad+\frac{10}{64}\\ &=\frac{21}{32} \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案为 D

If ii south moves occur before the third east move, the final step to CC is east and the preceding 2+i2+i steps contain two east moves. Thus Pr(C)=i=03(2+i2)2(3+i)=18+316+632+1064=2132. \begin{aligned} \Pr(C) &=\sum_{i=0}^3\binom{2+i}{2}2^{-(3+i)}\\ &=\frac18+\frac3{16}+\frac6{32}\\ &\quad+\frac{10}{64}\\ &=\frac{21}{32}. \end{aligned}

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

26.

若一个完全平方数的 88 进制表示为 ab3cab3c,其中 a0a\ne0,则 cc

If the base 88 representation of a perfect square is ab3c,ab3c, where a0,a\ne0, then cc is

00

11

33

44

不能唯一确定

not uniquely determined

难度评级:1860
小提示:

6464 时,只需考虑最后两位 88 进制数字

Only the last two base-88 digits matter modulo 6464

大提示:

列出介于 30830_837837_8 之间的模 6464 二次剩余

List the quadratic residues modulo 6464 that lie between 30830_8 and 37837_8

解答:

最后两位八进制数字 3c83c_8 表示 24+c(mod64)24+c\pmod{64}。在 24,,3124,\ldots,31 范围内,模 6464 的平方数只有 2525。因此 24+c=2524+c=25,所以 c=1c=1

因此,正确答案为 B

The last two octal digits 3c83c_8 represent 24+c(mod64).24+c\pmod{64}. Squares modulo 6464 in the range 24,,3124,\ldots,31 include only 25.25. Thus 24+c=25,24+c=25, so c=1.c=1.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

27.

z=a+biz=a+bi 是多项式方程 c4z4+ic3z3+c2z2+ic1z+c0=0 \begin{aligned} c_4z^4+ic_3z^3+c_2z^2\\ {}+ic_1z+c_0=0 \end{aligned} 的一个解,其中 c0c_0c1c_1c2c_2c3c_3c4c_4aabb 为实常数,且 i2=1i^2=-1。下列哪一项也必定是该方程的解?

Suppose z=a+biz=a+bi is a solution of the polynomial equation c4z4+ic3z3+c2z2+ic1z+c0=0, \begin{aligned} c_4z^4+ic_3z^3+c_2z^2\\ {}+ic_1z+c_0=0, \end{aligned} where c0,c_0, c1,c_1, c2,c_2, c3,c_3, c4,c_4, a,a, and bb are real constants and i2=1.i^2=-1. Which one of the following must also be a solution?

abi-a-bi

abia-bi

a+bi-a+bi

b+aib+ai

以上都不是

none of these

难度评级:2090
小提示:

对整个方程取共轭

Conjugate the entire equation

大提示:

比较以 zˉ\bar z 表示的共轭方程与原多项式在 zˉ-\bar z 处的值

Compare the conjugated equation at zˉ\bar z with the original polynomial evaluated at zˉ-\bar z

解答:

对方程取共轭后,每个 ii 都变为 i-i,且 zz 变为 zˉ\bar z。由于自变量取相反数时,奇次幂项也会改变符号,所以这个共轭方程恰好就是原多项式在 zˉ-\bar z 处取值为零。因此 zˉ=a+bi-\bar z=-a+bi 必定是一个根。

因此,正确答案为 C

Conjugating the equation changes each ii to i-i and zz to zˉ.\bar z. Because the odd-powered terms also change sign when the input is negated, this conjugated equation is precisely the original polynomial evaluated at zˉ.-\bar z. Thus zˉ=a+bi-\bar z=-a+bi must be a root.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

28.

黑板上写有一组从 11 开始的连续正整数。擦去其中一个数后,其余各数的平均数(算术平均值)为 3571735\frac7{17}。擦去的是哪个数?

A set of consecutive positive integers beginning with 11 is written on a blackboard. One number is erased. The average (arithmetic mean) of the remaining numbers is 35717.35\frac7{17}. What number was erased?

66

77

88

99

无法确定

can not be determined

难度评级:2040
小提示:

若写出的最大数为 nn,则剩余数的个数为 n1n-1

If the last written number is n,n, the remaining count is n1n-1

大提示:

利用被擦去的数满足 1en1\le e\le n,缩小 nn 的可能取值范围

Use the bounds 1en1\le e\le n on the erased value to narrow the possible values of nn

解答:

新的平均数 60217\frac{602}{17} 小于原平均数 n+12\frac{n+1}{2},但两者之差小于 nn1\frac{n}{n-1},因而 n=69n=697070。又因为剩余各数之和 (n1)(60217)(n-1)(\frac{602}{17}) 必须为整数,所以 n1n-11717 的倍数,从而 n=69n=69。擦去的数为 24156860217=24152408=7 \begin{aligned} 2415-68\cdot\frac{602}{17} &=2415-2408\\ &=7 \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案为 B

The new average 60217\frac{602}{17} is below the original average n+12\frac{n+1}{2} but differs from it by less than nn1,\frac{n}{n-1}, forcing n=69n=69 or 70.70. Since the remaining sum (n1)(60217)(n-1)(\frac{602}{17}) must be integral, n1n-1 is divisible by 17,17, so n=69.n=69. The erased number is 24156860217=24152408=7. \begin{aligned} 2415-68\cdot\frac{602}{17} &=2415-2408\\ &=7. \end{aligned}

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

29.

xxyyzz 是三个和为 11 的正实数。若其中任何一个数都不超过另一个数的两倍,则乘积 xyzxyz 的最小可能值为

Let x,x, y,y, and zz be three positive real numbers whose sum is 1.1. If no one of these numbers is more than twice any other, then the minimum possible value of the product xyzxyz is

132\frac1{32}

136\frac1{36}

4125\frac4{125}

1127\frac1{127}

以上都不是

none of these

难度评级:2340
小提示:

将变量排序为 xyzx\le y\le z;此时起作用的约束为 z2xz\le2x

Order the variables xyzx\le y\le z; then the active constraint is z2xz\le2x

大提示:

最小值在边界 z=2xz=2x 上取得,此时 y=13xy=1-3x

A minimum occurs on the boundary z=2x,z=2x, where y=13xy=1-3x

解答:

将三者排序为 xyzx\le y\le z。取得最小值时三者的差异最大,所以 z=2xz=2x,且 y=13xy=1-3x。该顺序要求 15x14\frac{1}{5}\le x\le\frac{1}{4}。因而 xyz=2x2(13x)xyz=2x^2(1-3x)。它唯一的区间内部临界点是最大值点,所以比较两个端点:相应的值分别为 4125\frac{4}{125}132\frac{1}{32}。最小值为 132\frac{1}{32}

因此,正确答案为 A

Order xyz.x\le y\le z. At a minimum the spread is maximal, so z=2xz=2x and y=13x.y=1-3x. The ordering requires 15x14.\frac{1}{5}\le x\le\frac{1}{4}. Thus xyz=2x2(13x).xyz=2x^2(1-3x). Its only interior critical point is a maximum, so compare endpoints: the values are 4125\frac{4}{125} and 132,\frac{1}{32}, respectively. The minimum is 132.\frac{1}{32}.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

30.

求下式的十进制展开式的个位数字:(15+220)19+(15+220)82 (15+\sqrt{220})^{19}+(15+\sqrt{220})^{82}\text{。}

Find the units digit in the decimal expansion of (15+220)19+(15+220)82. (15+\sqrt{220})^{19}+(15+\sqrt{220})^{82}.

00

22

55

99

以上都不是

none of these

难度评级:2400
小提示:

α=15+220\alpha=15+\sqrt{220} 与其共轭式 β=15220\beta=15-\sqrt{220} 配对

Pair α=15+220\alpha=15+\sqrt{220} with its conjugate β=15220\beta=15-\sqrt{220}

大提示:

整数 Sn=αn+βnS_n=\alpha^n+\beta^n 满足一个简短的递推关系,而 0<β<10\lt\beta\lt1

The integers Sn=αn+βnS_n=\alpha^n+\beta^n satisfy a short recurrence, while 0<β<10\lt\beta\lt1

解答:

α=15+220\alpha=15+\sqrt{220},且 β=15220\beta=15-\sqrt{220},则 0<β<10\lt\beta\lt1。整数 Sn=αn+βnS_n=\alpha^n+\beta^n 满足 Sn=30Sn15Sn2S_n=30S_{n-1}-5S_{n-2},因此对每个 n1n\ge1,都有 Sn0(mod10)S_n\equiv0\pmod{10}。于是 α19+α82=S19+S82(β19+β82) \begin{aligned} \alpha^{19}+\alpha^{82} &=S_{19}+S_{82}\\ &\quad-(\beta^{19}+\beta^{82}) \end{aligned} 等于 1010 的某个倍数减去一个小于 11 的正数。因此它的整数部分以 99 为个位数字。

因此,正确答案为 D

Let α=15+220\alpha=15+\sqrt{220} and β=15220,\beta=15-\sqrt{220}, so 0<β<1.0\lt\beta\lt1. The integers Sn=αn+βnS_n=\alpha^n+\beta^n satisfy Sn=30Sn15Sn2,S_n=30S_{n-1}-5S_{n-2}, hence Sn0(mod10)S_n\equiv0\pmod{10} for every n1.n\ge1. Therefore α19+α82=S19+S82(β19+β82) \begin{aligned} \alpha^{19}+\alpha^{82} &=S_{19}+S_{82}\\ &\quad-(\beta^{19}+\beta^{82}) \end{aligned} is a multiple of 1010 minus a positive number less than 1.1. Its integer part therefore ends in 9.9.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.