1960 AMC 12 详解

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

1.

22 是方程 x3+hx+10=0x^3+hx+10=0 的一个解(根),则 hh 等于:

If 22 is a solution (root) of x3+hx+10=0,x^3+hx+10=0, then hh equals:

1010

99

22

2-2

9-9

知识点:多项式换元法一次方程
难度评级:840
小提示:

x=2x=2 代入方程

Substitute x=2x=2 into the equation

大提示:

解所得的一次方程,求出 hh

Solve the resulting linear equation for hh

解答:

代入给定的根,得到 23+2h+10=0 2^3+2h+10=0\text{。}因此 2h=182h=-18,所以 h=9h=-9

因此,正确答案是 E

Substituting the given root gives 23+2h+10=0. 2^3+2h+10=0. Thus 2h=18,2h=-18, so h=9.h=-9.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

2.

一只钟从恰好 6:006{:}00 开始敲响 66 下,共用 55 秒。若每相邻两次敲响的时间间隔相同,那么敲响 1212 下需要多少秒?

It takes 55 seconds for a clock to strike 66 o’clock beginning at 6:006{:}00 o’clock precisely. If the strikings are uniformly spaced, how long, in seconds, does it take to strike 1212 o’clock?

9139\dfrac13

1010

1111

142314\dfrac23

以上都不是

none of these

难度评级:960
小提示:

敲响六下只包含五个时间间隔

Six strikes contain only five time intervals

大提示:

敲响十二下包含十一个同样长的时间间隔

Twelve strikes contain eleven intervals of the same length

解答:

66 下中的第一下到最后一下共有 55 个相等的时间间隔,所以每个间隔为 11 秒。敲响十二下共有 1111 个这样的间隔,因此需要 1111 秒。

因此,正确答案是 C

There are 55 equal intervals from the first of 66 strikes to the last, so each interval lasts 11 second. Twelve strikes contain 1111 such intervals and therefore take 1111 seconds.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

3.

对一张金额为 $10,000\$10{,}000 的账单,打 40%40\% 的折扣与先后打 36%36\%4%4\% 的两次折扣之间的差额(以美元计)是:

Applied to a bill for $10,000\$10{,}000 the difference between a discount of 40%40\% and two successive discounts of 36%36\% and 4%,4\%, expressed in dollars, is:

00

144144

256256

400400

416416

知识点:百分数钱币
难度评级:1060
小提示:

连续折扣应依次计算,而不是直接相加

Successive discounts are applied one after the other, not added

大提示:

将账单的 40%40\% 与其 36%36\% 再加上剩余 64%64\%4%4\% 比较

Compare 40%40\% of the bill with 36%36\% plus 4%4\% of the remaining 64%64\%

解答:

40%40\% 的折扣为 $4000\$4000。两次连续折扣的总额为 3600+0.04(6400)=3856 3600+0.04(6400)=3856\text{。}两者之差为 40003856=1444000-3856=144 美元。

因此,正确答案是 B

A 40%40\% discount is $4000.\$4000. The successive discounts total 3600+0.04(6400)=3856. 3600+0.04(6400)=3856. Their difference is 40003856=1444000-3856=144 dollars.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

4.

一个三角形的两个角均为 6060^\circ,它们的夹边长为 44 英寸。这个三角形的面积(以平方英寸计)是:

Each of two angles of a triangle is 6060^\circ and the included side is 44 inches. The area of the triangle, in square inches, is:

838\sqrt3

88

434\sqrt3

44

232\sqrt3

难度评级:890
小提示:

求出三角形的第三个角

Determine the third angle of the triangle

大提示:

使用边长为 44 的等边三角形面积公式

Use the area formula for an equilateral triangle of side 44

解答:

第三个角也是 6060^\circ,所以该三角形是边长为 44 的等边三角形。其面积为 34(4)2=43 \frac{\sqrt3}{4}(4)^2=4\sqrt3\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 C

The third angle is also 60,60^\circ, so the triangle is equilateral with side 4.4. Its area is 34(4)2=43. \frac{\sqrt3}{4}(4)^2=4\sqrt3.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

5.

图像 x2+y2=9x^2+y^2=9y2=9y^2=9 的不同公共点共有:

The number of distinct points common to the graphs of x2+y2=9x^2+y^2=9 and y2=9y^2=9 is:

无穷多个

infinitely many

四个

four

两个

two

一个

one

没有

none

知识点:方程组
难度评级:840
小提示:

y2=9y^2=9 代入圆的方程

Substitute y2=9y^2=9 into the circle equation

大提示:

求出 xx 后,再数 yy 的可能取值

After finding x,x, count the possible values of yy

解答:

代入得 x2+9=9x^2+9=9,所以 x=0x=0。再由 y2=9y^2=9y=3y=3y=3y=-3。因此共有两个公共点。

因此,正确答案是 C

Substitution gives x2+9=9,x^2+9=9, so x=0.x=0. Then y2=9y^2=9 gives y=3y=3 or y=3.y=-3. Hence there are two common points.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

6.

一个圆的周长为 100100 英寸。该圆内接正方形的边长(以英寸计)是:

The circumference of a circle is 100100 inches. The side of a square inscribed in this circle, expressed in inches, is:

252π\dfrac{25\sqrt2}{\pi}

502π\dfrac{50\sqrt2}{\pi}

100π\dfrac{100}{\pi}

1002π\dfrac{100\sqrt2}{\pi}

50250\sqrt2

难度评级:1320
小提示:

由周长求出直径

Find the diameter from the circumference

大提示:

内接正方形的对角线就是圆的直径

The diagonal of the inscribed square is the circle’s diameter

解答:

直径为 100π\frac{100}{\pi}。若正方形的边长为 ss,则其对角线为 s2s\sqrt2,所以 s2=100π s\sqrt2=\frac{100}{\pi}\text{。}因此 s=502πs=\frac{50\sqrt2}{\pi}

因此,正确答案是 B

The diameter is 100π.\frac{100}{\pi}. If the square has side s,s, its diagonal is s2,s\sqrt2, so s2=100π. s\sqrt2=\frac{100}{\pi}. Therefore s=502π.s=\frac{50\sqrt2}{\pi}.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

7.

圆 I 经过圆 II 的圆心,并与圆 II 相切。圆 I 的面积为 44 平方英寸。那么圆 II 的面积(以平方英寸计)是:

Circle I passes through the center of, and is tangent to, circle II. The area of circle I is 44 square inches. Then the area of circle II, in square inches, is:

88

828\sqrt2

8π8\sqrt\pi

1616

16216\sqrt2

难度评级:1140
小提示:

画出经过两个圆心和切点的直线

Draw the line through the two centers and the tangency point

大提示:

圆 II 的半径是圆 I 半径的两倍

The radius of circle II is twice the radius of circle I

解答:

因为圆 I 经过圆 II 的圆心,所以两圆心之间的距离等于圆 I 的半径 rr。内切又使该距离等于 RrR-r,其中 RR 是圆 II 的半径。因此 R=2rR=2r,面积便乘以 22=42^2=4。所以圆 II 的面积为 44=164\cdot4=16

因此,正确答案是 D

Because circle I passes through the center of circle II, the distance between the centers equals the radius rr of circle I. Internal tangency also makes that distance Rr,R-r, where RR is the radius of circle II. Thus R=2r,R=2r, and the area is multiplied by 22=4.2^2=4. It is therefore 44=16.4\cdot4=16.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

8.

2.52525252.5252525\ldots 可以写成分数。将该分数约成最简分数后,其分子与分母之和是:

The number 2.52525252.5252525\ldots can be written as a fraction. When reduced to lowest terms the sum of the numerator and denominator of this fraction is:

77

2929

141141

349349

以上都不是

none of these

难度评级:1320
小提示:

将循环部分 0.5252520.525252\ldots 写成分母为 9999 的分数

Write the repeating part 0.5252520.525252\ldots using a denominator of 9999

大提示:

加上整数部分,再约分

Add the integer part and then reduce the fraction

解答:

2.525252=2+5299=25099 2.525252\ldots=2+\frac{52}{99}=\frac{250}{99}\text{。}这个分数已经是最简分数,并且 250+99=349250+99=349

因此,正确答案是 D

We have 2.525252=2+5299=25099. 2.525252\ldots=2+\frac{52}{99}=\frac{250}{99}. This fraction is already in lowest terms, and 250+99=349.250+99=349.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

9.

分式 a2+b2c2+2aba2+c2b2+2ac \frac{a^2+b^2-c^2+2ab}{a^2+c^2-b^2+2ac} aabbcc 的取值满足适当限制时:

The fraction a2+b2c2+2aba2+c2b2+2ac \frac{a^2+b^2-c^2+2ab}{a^2+c^2-b^2+2ac} is (with suitable restrictions on the values of a,a, b,b, and cc):

不能约简

irreducible

可约简为 1-1

reducible to 1-1

可约简为一个三项式

reducible to a polynomial of three terms

可约简为 ab+ca+bc\dfrac{a-b+c}{a+b-c}

reducible to ab+ca+bc\dfrac{a-b+c}{a+b-c}

可约简为 a+bcab+c\dfrac{a+b-c}{a-b+c}

reducible to a+bcab+c\dfrac{a+b-c}{a-b+c}

难度评级:1180
小提示:

将每个二次式改写为平方差

Rewrite each quadratic expression as a difference of squares

大提示:

分子和分母有公因式 a+b+ca+b+c

The numerator and denominator share a factor a+b+ca+b+c

解答:

因式分解得 a2+b2c2+2ab=(a+bc)(a+b+c),a2+c2b2+2ac=(ab+c)(a+b+c) \begin{gathered} a^2+b^2-c^2+2ab\\ {}=(a+b-c)(a+b+c),\\ a^2+c^2-b^2+2ac\\ {}=(a-b+c)(a+b+c) \end{gathered}\text{。}在题述的适当限制下约去公因式,得到 a+bcab+c \frac{a+b-c}{a-b+c}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 E

Factoring gives a2+b2c2+2ab=(a+bc)(a+b+c),a2+c2b2+2ac=(ab+c)(a+b+c). \begin{gathered} a^2+b^2-c^2+2ab\\ {}=(a+b-c)(a+b+c),\\ a^2+c^2-b^2+2ac\\ {}=(a-b+c)(a+b+c). \end{gathered} Cancelling the common factor, under the stated suitable restrictions, leaves a+bcab+c. \frac{a+b-c}{a-b+c}.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

10.

给出以下六个陈述:

(1)(1) 所有女性都是好驾驶员。

(2)(2) 有些女性是好驾驶员。

(3)(3) 没有男性是好驾驶员。

(4)(4) 所有男性都是差驾驶员。

(5)(5) 至少有一名男性是差驾驶员。

(6)(6) 所有男性都是好驾驶员。

否定陈述 (6)(6) 的陈述是:

Given the following six statements:

(1)(1) All women are good drivers.

(2)(2) Some women are good drivers.

(3)(3) No men are good drivers.

(4)(4) All men are bad drivers.

(5)(5) At least one man is a bad driver.

(6)(6) All men are good drivers.

The statement that negates statement (6)(6) is:

(1)(1)

(2)(2)

(3)(3)

(4)(4)

(5)(5)

知识点:逻辑推理
难度评级:890
小提示:

否定“所有”会得到一个存在性陈述

Negating “all” produces an existence statement

大提示:

否定原命题只需要有一名男性不是好驾驶员

The negation needs only one man who is not a good driver

解答:

“所有男性都是好驾驶员”的否定是“至少有一名男性不是好驾驶员”。按照选项中的说法,这就是陈述 (5)(5):“至少有一名男性是差驾驶员。”

因此,正确答案是 E

The negation of “All men are good drivers” is “At least one man is not a good driver.” In the terminology of the choices, that is statement (5),(5), “At least one man is a bad driver.”

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

11.

对于某个给定的 kk,方程 x23kx+2k21=0 x^2-3kx+2k^2-1=0 的两根之积为 77。这两个根可以描述为:

For a given value of k,k, the product of the roots of x23kx+2k21=0 x^2-3kx+2k^2-1=0 is 7.7. The roots may be characterized as:

正整数

integral and positive

负整数

integral and negative

有理数,但不是整数

rational, but not integral

无理数

irrational

虚数

imaginary

难度评级:1210
小提示:

利用常数项确定 kk 的可能取值

Use the constant term to determine the possible values of kk

大提示:

kk 的每个取值,考察求根公式或判别式

For either value of k,k, examine the quadratic formula or discriminant

解答:

由韦达定理,2k21=72k^2-1=7,所以 k=±2k=\pm2。当 k=2k=2 时,两根为 3±23\pm\sqrt2;当 k=2k=-2 时,两根为 3±2-3\pm\sqrt2。无论哪种情况,两根都是无理数。

因此,正确答案是 D

By Vieta’s formulas, 2k21=7,2k^2-1=7, so k=±2.k=\pm2. The roots are 3±23\pm\sqrt2 when k=2,k=2, and 3±2-3\pm\sqrt2 when k=2.k=-2. In either case both roots are irrational.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

12.

在同一平面内,所有半径为给定值 aa,且经过一个定点的圆,其圆心的轨迹是:

The locus of the centers of all circles of given radius a,a, in the same plane, passing through a fixed point, is:

一个点

a point

一条直线

a straight line

两条直线

two straight lines

一个圆

a circle

两个圆

two circles

知识点:距离公式
难度评级:800
小提示:

每个圆心到定点的距离都恰好等于一个半径

Every center must be exactly one radius from the fixed point

大提示:

确定与一个点保持固定正距离的所有点的轨迹

Identify the locus of points at a fixed positive distance from one point

解答:

半径为 aa 的圆经过该定点,当且仅当其圆心到该点的距离为 aa。所有这些圆心的轨迹是一个半径为 aa 的圆。

因此,正确答案是 D

A circle of radius aa passes through the fixed point exactly when its center is distance aa from that point. The locus of all such centers is a circle of radius a.a.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

13.

y=3x+2y=3x+2y=3x+2y=-3x+2y=2y=-2 围成的多边形是:

The polygon(s) formed by y=3x+2,y=3x+2, y=3x+2,y=-3x+2, and y=2,y=-2, is (are):

等边三角形

an equilateral triangle

等腰三角形

an isosceles triangle

直角三角形

a right triangle

一个三角形和一个梯形

a triangle and a trapezoid

四边形

a quadrilateral

难度评级:1140
小提示:

求出三条直线两两相交所得的三个交点

Find the three pairwise intersections of the lines

大提示:

两条斜线关于 yy 轴对称

The two slanted lines are mirror images across the yy-axis

解答:

两条斜线交于 (0,2)(0,2),而它们与 y=2y=-2 的交点分别为 (43,2)(-\frac{4}{3},-2)(43,2)(\frac{4}{3},-2)。后两个点关于 yy 轴对称,所以两条斜边等长。该图形是等腰三角形。

因此,正确答案是 B

The slanted lines meet at (0,2),(0,2), while their intersections with y=2y=-2 are (43,2)(-\frac{4}{3},-2) and (43,2).(\frac{4}{3},-2). The latter two points are symmetric about the yy-axis, so the two slanted sides have equal length. The figure is an isosceles triangle.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

14.

aabb 是实数,则方程 3x5+a=bx+13x-5+a=bx+1 有唯一解 xx 的条件是[符号 a0a\ne0 表示 aa 不等于零]:

If aa and bb are real numbers, the equation 3x5+a=bx+13x-5+a=bx+1 has a unique solution xx [the symbol a0a\ne0 means that aa is different from zero]:

对所有 aabb

for all aa and bb

a2ba\ne2b

if a2ba\ne2b

a6a\ne6

if a6a\ne6

b0b\ne0

if b0b\ne0

b3b\ne3

if b3b\ne3

知识点:一次方程
难度评级:890
小提示:

将含 xx 的项移到等式同一边

Collect the xx-terms on one side

大提示:

xx 的系数不为零时,一次方程有唯一解

A linear equation has a unique solution when the coefficient of xx is nonzero

解答:

整理得 (3b)x=6a (3-b)x=6-a\text{。}当且仅当 3b03-b\ne0,即 b3b\ne3 时,该方程有唯一解。

因此,正确答案是 E

Rearranging gives (3b)x=6a. (3-b)x=6-a. This has a unique solution exactly when 3b0,3-b\ne0, or b3.b\ne3.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

15.

三角形 I 是等边三角形,边长为 AA、周长为 PP、面积为 KK、外接圆半径为 RR。三角形 II 也是等边三角形,边长为 aa、周长为 pp、面积为 kk、外接圆半径为 rr。若 AA 不同于 aa,则:

Triangle I is equilateral with side A,A, perimeter P,P, area K,K, and circumradius RR (radius of the circumscribed circle). Triangle II is equilateral with side a,a, perimeter p,p, area k,k, and circumradius r.r. If AA is different from a,a, then:

P:p=R:rP:p=R:r 仅在某些情况下成立

P:p=R:rP:p=R:r only sometimes

P:p=R:rP:p=R:r 总是成立

P:p=R:rP:p=R:r always

P:p=K:kP:p=K:k 仅在某些情况下成立

P:p=K:kP:p=K:k only sometimes

R:r=K:kR:r=K:k 总是成立

R:r=K:kR:r=K:k always

R:r=K:kR:r=K:k 仅在某些情况下成立

R:r=K:kR:r=K:k only sometimes

难度评级:960
小提示:

所有等边三角形都相似

All equilateral triangles are similar

大提示:

周长和外接圆半径都随边长成正比变化

Perimeter and circumradius both scale linearly with side length

解答:

对于等边三角形,P=3AP=3A,且 R=A3R=\frac{A}{\sqrt3}pprr 的关系同理。因此 P:p=A:a=R:r P:p=A:a=R:r 对任意这样的一对三角形都成立。

因此,正确答案是 B

For equilateral triangles, P=3AP=3A and R=A3,R=\frac{A}{\sqrt3}, with analogous formulas for pp and r.r. Therefore P:p=A:a=R:r P:p=A:a=R:r for every such pair of triangles.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

16.

在以 55 为底的计数系统中,数数方式如下:11223344101011111212131314142020\ldots。在十进位系统中表示为 6969 的数,用 55 进制表示时,其数位是:

In the numeration system with base 5,5, counting is as follows: 1,1, 2,2, 3,3, 4,4, 10,10, 11,11, 12,12, 13,13, 14,14, 20,20, \ldots The number whose description in the decimal system is 69,69, when described in the base 55 system, is a number with:

两个连续的数字

two consecutive digits

两个不连续的数字

two non-consecutive digits

三个连续的数字

three consecutive digits

三个不连续的数字

three non-consecutive digits

四个数字

four digits

知识点:进制位值数字
难度评级:1140
小提示:

55 的幂表示 6969

Express 6969 using powers of 55

大提示:

求出 55 进制的各数位后,比较这些数字的值

After finding the base-55 digits, compare their values

解答:

因为 69=225+35+4 69=2\cdot25+3\cdot5+4\text{,}所以它的 55 进制表示是 2345234_5。其中三个数字 223344 是连续的。

因此,正确答案是 C

Since 69=225+35+4, 69=2\cdot25+3\cdot5+4, its base-55 representation is 2345.234_5. Its three digits 2,2, 3,3, and 44 are consecutive.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

17.

对某一群体,公式 N=8108x32N=8\cdot10^8\cdot x^{-\frac{3}{2}} 给出了收入超过 xx 美元的人数。收入最高的 800800 人中,最低收入至少为多少美元?

The formula N=8108x32N=8\cdot10^8\cdot x^{-\frac{3}{2}} gives, for a certain group, the number of individuals whose income exceeds xx dollars. The lowest income, in dollars, of the wealthiest 800800 individuals is at least:

10410^4

10610^6

10810^8

101210^{12}

101610^{16}

知识点:指数代数变形
难度评级:1210
小提示:

在收入分界点令 N=800N=800

Set N=800N=800 at the income cutoff

大提示:

化简 1010 的幂后,解 x32=106x^{\frac{3}{2}}=10^6

After simplifying powers of 10,10, solve x32=106x^{\frac{3}{2}}=10^6

解答:

在分界点,800=8108x32 800=8\cdot10^8x^{-\frac{3}{2}}\text{。}因此 x32=106x^{\frac{3}{2}}=10^6,将两边都取 23\frac{2}{3} 次幂,得到 x=104x=10^4

因此,正确答案是 A

At the cutoff, 800=8108x32. 800=8\cdot10^8x^{-\frac{3}{2}}. Hence x32=106,x^{\frac{3}{2}}=10^6, and raising both sides to the 23\frac{2}{3} power gives x=104.x=10^4.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

18.

方程组 3x+y=813^{x+y}=8181xy=381^{x-y}=3

The pair of equations 3x+y=813^{x+y}=81 and 81xy=381^{x-y}=3 has:

没有公共解

no common solution

解为 x=2x=2y=2y=2

the solution x=2,x=2, y=2y=2

解为 x=212x=2\dfrac12y=112y=1\dfrac12

the solution x=212,x=2\dfrac12, y=112y=1\dfrac12

有由一正一负两个整数组成的公共解

a common solution in positive and negative integers

以上都不是

none of these

难度评级:1280
小提示:

在两个方程中都将 8181 改写为 343^4

Rewrite 8181 as 343^4 in both equations

大提示:

解所得的方程组,求出 x+yx+yxyx-y

Solve the resulting system for x+yx+y and xyx-y

解答:

第一个方程给出 x+y=4x+y=4。第二个方程给出 34(xy)=3 3^{4(x-y)}=3\text{,}所以 xy=14x-y=\frac{1}{4}。因此 x=178x=\frac{17}{8},且 y=158y=\frac{15}{8}。这组解不在前四个选项中。

因此,正确答案是 E

The first equation gives x+y=4.x+y=4. The second gives 34(xy)=3, 3^{4(x-y)}=3, so xy=14.x-y=\frac{1}{4}. Therefore x=178x=\frac{17}{8} and y=158.y=\frac{15}{8}. This pair is not listed among the first four choices.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

19.

考虑方程 I:x+y+z=46x+y+z=46,其中 xxyyzz 为正整数;以及方程 II:x+y+z+w=46x+y+z+w=46,其中 xxyyzzww 为正整数。则:

Consider equation I: x+y+z=46,x+y+z=46, where x,x, y,y, and zz are positive integers, and equation II: x+y+z+w=46,x+y+z+w=46, where x,x, y,y, z,z, and ww are positive integers. Then:

I\mathrm{I} 可由连续整数满足

I\mathrm{I} can be solved in consecutive integers

I\mathrm{I} 可由连续偶数满足

I\mathrm{I} can be solved in consecutive even integers

II\mathrm{II} 可由连续整数满足

II\mathrm{II} can be solved in consecutive integers

II\mathrm{II} 可由连续偶数满足

II\mathrm{II} can be solved in consecutive even integers

II\mathrm{II} 可由连续奇数满足

II\mathrm{II} can be solved in consecutive odd integers

难度评级:1140
小提示:

分别写出三个和四个连续整数的和

Write the sums of three and four consecutive integers

大提示:

检查哪一种所需的平均数与 4646 相容

Check which required average is compatible with 4646

解答:

三个连续整数之和能被 33 整除,所以不可能是 4646。从 nn 开始的四个连续整数之和为 4n+64n+6。令 4n+6=464n+6=46,得 n=10n=10,并且确实有 10+11+12+13=46 10+11+12+13=46\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 C

The sum of three consecutive integers is divisible by 3,3, so it cannot be 46.46. Four consecutive integers beginning with nn have sum 4n+6.4n+6. Setting 4n+6=464n+6=46 gives n=10,n=10, and indeed 10+11+12+13=46. 10+11+12+13=46.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

20.

(x222x)8 \left(\frac{x^2}{2}-\frac2x\right)^8 的展开式中,x7x^7 的系数是:

The coefficient of x7x^7 in the expansion of (x222x)8 \left(\frac{x^2}{2}-\frac2x\right)^8 is:

5656

56-56

1414

14-14

00

难度评级:1570
小提示:

在含有 kk2x-\frac{2}{x} 因子的项中,确定 xx 的指数

In a term using kk copies of 2x,-\frac{2}{x}, determine the exponent of xx

大提示:

163k=716-3k=7,再计算相应的二项式系数

Solve 163k=716-3k=7 and then compute that binomial coefficient

解答:

选用 kk2x-\frac{2}{x} 因子的项,其指数为 2(8k)k=163k 2(8-k)-k=16-3k\text{。}要得到 x7x^7,需要 k=3k=3。其系数为 (83)(12)5(2)3=14 \binom83\left(\frac12\right)^5(-2)^3=-14\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 D

The term using kk factors of 2x-\frac{2}{x} has exponent 2(8k)k=163k. 2(8-k)-k=16-3k. To obtain x7,x^7, we need k=3.k=3. Its coefficient is (83)(12)5(2)3=14. \binom83\left(\frac12\right)^5(-2)^3=-14.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

21.

正方形 I 的对角线长为 a+ba+b。面积为正方形 I 两倍的正方形 II,其周长是:

The diagonal of square I is a+b.a+b. The perimeter of square II with twice the area of I is:

(a+b)2(a+b)^2

2(a+b)2\sqrt2(a+b)^2

2(a+b)2(a+b)

8(a+b)\sqrt8(a+b)

4(a+b)4(a+b)

难度评级:1140
小提示:

用正方形 I 的对角线表示其面积

Express the area of square I in terms of its diagonal

大提示:

正方形 II 的面积为 (a+b)2(a+b)^2,据此求出其边长

Square II’s area is (a+b)2,(a+b)^2, so find its side length

解答:

对角线长为 a+ba+b 的正方形,其面积为 (a+b)22\frac{(a+b)^2}{2}。因此正方形 II 的面积为 (a+b)2(a+b)^2,所以它的边长为 a+ba+b,周长为 4(a+b)4(a+b)

因此,正确答案是 E

A square with diagonal a+ba+b has area (a+b)22.\frac{(a+b)^2}{2}. Square II therefore has area (a+b)2,(a+b)^2, so its side is a+ba+b and its perimeter is 4(a+b).4(a+b).

Thus, the correct answer is E.

22.

在等式 (x+m)2(x+n)2=(mn)2(x+m)^2-(x+n)^2=(m-n)^2 中,mmnn 是不相等的非零常数。若 x=am+bnx=am+bn 满足该等式,则:

The equality (x+m)2(x+n)2=(mn)2,(x+m)^2-(x+n)^2=(m-n)^2, where mm and nn are unequal non-zero constants, is satisfied by x=am+bnx=am+bn where:

a=0a=0,且 bb 有唯一的非零值

a=0,a=0, bb has a unique non-zero value

a=0a=0,且 bb 有两个非零值

a=0,a=0, bb has two non-zero values

b=0b=0,且 aa 有唯一的非零值

b=0,b=0, aa has a unique non-zero value

b=0b=0,且 aa 有两个非零值

b=0,b=0, aa has two non-zero values

aabb 各有唯一的非零值

aa and bb each have a unique non-zero value

难度评级:1280
小提示:

对两个平方之差进行因式分解

Factor the difference of the two squares

大提示:

约去非零因式 mnm-n,再求 xx

Cancel the nonzero factor mnm-n and solve for xx

解答:

利用 mnm\ne n 并因式分解,得 (mn)(2x+m+n)=(mn)2 \begin{gathered} (m-n)(2x+m+n)\\ {}=(m-n)^2 \end{gathered}\text{。}因此 2x+m+n=mn2x+m+n=m-n,所以 x=nx=-n。于是 a=0a=0,且 b=1b=-1,这是唯一的非零值。

因此,正确答案是 A

Factoring and using mnm\ne n gives (mn)(2x+m+n)=(mn)2. \begin{gathered} (m-n)(2x+m+n)\\ {}=(m-n)^2. \end{gathered} Hence 2x+m+n=mn,2x+m+n=m-n, so x=n.x=-n. Thus a=0a=0 and b=1,b=-1, a unique nonzero value.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

23.

一个圆柱形盒子的半径 RR88 英寸,高 HH33 英寸。体积为 V=πR2HV=\pi R^2H。将 RR 增加 xx 英寸与将 HH 增加 xx 英寸时,体积要增加同一个固定的正数。满足这一条件的是:

The radius RR of a cylindrical box is 88 inches, the height HH is 33 inches. The volume V=πR2HV=\pi R^2H is to be increased by the same fixed positive amount when RR is increased by xx inches as when HH is increased by xx inches. This condition is satisfied by:

xx 没有实数取值

no real value of xx

xx 有一个整数取值

one integral value of xx

xx 有一个有理数但非整数的取值

one rational, but not integral, value of xx

xx 有一个无理数取值

one irrational value of xx

xx 有两个实数取值

two real values of xx

难度评级:1500
小提示:

分别用半径 8+x8+x 和高度 3+x3+x 写出体积的增加量

Write the volume increase once with radius 8+x8+x and once with height 3+x3+x

大提示:

令两个增加量相等,并舍去非正数解

Equate the increases and discard the nonpositive solution

解答:

增加半径时,体积增加 3π((8+x)282) 3\pi\big((8+x)^2-8^2\big)\text{,}而增加高度时,体积增加 64πx64\pi x。令两者相等,得 48x+3x2=64x 48x+3x^2=64x\text{,}所以 x=0x=0x=163x=\frac{16}{3}。增加量必须为正,因此只剩一个有理数但非整数的取值。

因此,正确答案是 C

Increasing the radius changes the volume by 3π((8+x)282), 3\pi\big((8+x)^2-8^2\big), while increasing the height changes it by 64πx.64\pi x. Equating these gives 48x+3x2=64x, 48x+3x^2=64x, so x=0x=0 or x=163.x=\frac{16}{3}. The increase must be positive, leaving one rational but nonintegral value.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

24.

log2x216=x\log_{2x}216=x,其中 xx 为实数,则 xx 是:

If log2x216=x,\log_{2x}216=x, where xx is real, then xx is:

既不是完全平方数也不是完全立方数的整数

a non-square, non-cube integer

既不是完全平方数也不是完全立方数的非整数有理数

a non-square, non-cube, non-integral rational number

无理数

an irrational number

完全平方数

a perfect square

完全立方数

a perfect cube

知识点:对数指数函数
难度评级:1280
小提示:

将对数方程化为 (2x)x=216(2x)^x=216

Convert the logarithmic equation to (2x)x=216(2x)^x=216

大提示:

利用 216=63216=6^3 看出一个实数解

Use 216=63216=6^3 to recognize a real solution

解答:

该方程等价于 (2x)x=216 (2x)^x=216\text{。}由于 216=63216=6^3x=3x=3 满足方程。为说明它是唯一允许的实数解,注意对数的底要求 x>0x>02x12x\ne1;当 0<x<120\lt x\lt\frac{1}{2} 时,xln(2x)<0x\ln(2x)\lt0;而当 x>12x>\frac{1}{2} 时,函数 xln(2x)x\ln(2x) 严格递增。因此 x=3x=3 是一个既非完全平方数又非完全立方数的整数。

因此,正确答案是 A

The equation is equivalent to (2x)x=216. (2x)^x=216. Since 216=63,216=6^3, x=3x=3 satisfies the equation. To see it is the only admissible real solution, note that the base requires x>0x>0 and 2x1;2x\ne1; on 0<x<12,0\lt x\lt\frac{1}{2}, xln(2x)<0,x\ln(2x)\lt0, while for x>12x>\frac{1}{2} the function xln(2x)x\ln(2x) is strictly increasing. Thus x=3,x=3, a non-square, non-cube integer.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

25.

mmnn 为任意两个奇数,且 nn 小于 mm。能整除所有可能的 m2n2m^2-n^2 的最大整数是:

Let mm and nn be any two odd numbers, with nn less than m.m. The largest integer which divides all possible numbers of the form m2n2m^2-n^2 is:

22

44

66

88

1616

难度评级:1280
小提示:

m2n2m^2-n^2 分解为两个偶数因子

Factor m2n2m^2-n^2 into two even factors

大提示:

mnm-nm+nm+n 中有一个能被 44 整除;再检验一组较小的数

Among mnm-n and m+n,m+n, one is divisible by 44; then test a small pair

解答:

m2n2=(mn)(m+n) m^2-n^2=(m-n)(m+n)\text{。}两个因子都是偶数,其中一个能被 44 整除,所以每个这样的差都能被 88 整除。取 m=3,n=1m=3,n=1,得到 m2n2=8m^2-n^2=8,这说明不存在总能整除它的更大整数。

因此,正确答案是 D

We have m2n2=(mn)(m+n). m^2-n^2=(m-n)(m+n). Both factors are even, and one is divisible by 4,4, so every such difference is divisible by 8.8. Taking m=3,n=1m=3,n=1 gives m2n2=8,m^2-n^2=8, proving that no larger integer always divides it.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

26.

求满足下列不等式的所有 xx 值:5x3<2 \left|\frac{5-x}{3}\right|\lt2 [符号 a|a| 表示:若 aa 为正,则取 +a+a;若 aa 为负,则取 a-a;若 aa 为零,则取 00。记号 1<a<21\lt a\lt2 表示 aa 可以取 1122 之间的任意值,但不包括 1122。]

Find the set of xx-values satisfying the inequality 5x3<2. \left|\frac{5-x}{3}\right|\lt2. [The symbol a|a| means +a+a if aa is positive, a-a if aa is negative, 00 if aa is zero. The notation 1<a<21\lt a\lt2 means that aa can have any value between 11 and 2,2, excluding 11 and 2.2.]

1<x<111\lt x\lt11

1<x<11-1\lt x\lt11

x<11x\lt11

x>11

x<6|x|\lt6

知识点:绝对值不等式
难度评级:960
小提示:

将不等式乘以 33

Multiply the inequality by 33

大提示:

5x<6|5-x|\lt6 改写为复合不等式

Rewrite 5x<6|5-x|\lt6 as a compound inequality

解答:

该不等式等价于 5x<6 |5-x|\lt6\text{,}所以 6<5x<6-6\lt5-x\lt6。减去 55 并按需要变号,得到 1<x<11 -1\lt x\lt11\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 B

The inequality is equivalent to 5x<6, |5-x|\lt6, so 6<5x<6.-6\lt5-x\lt6. Subtracting 55 and reversing signs as needed gives 1<x<11. -1\lt x\lt11.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

27.

设多边形 PP 的内角和为 SS,且每个内角都是同一顶点处外角的 7127\dfrac12 倍。则:

Let SS be the sum of the interior angles of a polygon PP for which each interior angle is 7127\dfrac12 times the exterior angle at the same vertex. Then:

S=2660S=2660^\circ,且 PP 可能是正多边形

S=2660S=2660^\circ and PP may be regular

S=2660S=2660^\circ,且 PP 不是正多边形

S=2660S=2660^\circ and PP is not regular

S=2700S=2700^\circ,且 PP 是正多边形

S=2700S=2700^\circ and PP is regular

S=2700S=2700^\circ,且 PP 不是正多边形

S=2700S=2700^\circ and PP is not regular

S=2700S=2700^\circ,且 PP 可能是正多边形,也可能不是

S=2700S=2700^\circ and PP may or may not be regular

难度评级:1500
小提示:

一个内角与其对应外角之和为 180180^\circ

An interior angle and its corresponding exterior angle sum to 180180^\circ

大提示:

该条件确定了每个角,却没有限制各边长

The condition fixes every angle but says nothing about the side lengths

解答:

若一个外角为 ee,则 e+152e=180 e+\frac{15}{2}e=180^\circ\text{,}所以 e=36017e=\frac{360^\circ}{17}。由于外角和为 360360^\circ,多边形有 1717 个顶点,并且 S=(172)180=2700 S=(17-2)180^\circ=2700^\circ\text{。}它的所有角都相等,但各边不一定相等,所以它可能是正多边形,也可能不是。

因此,正确答案是 E

If an exterior angle is e,e, then e+152e=180, e+\frac{15}{2}e=180^\circ, so e=36017.e=\frac{360^\circ}{17}. Since the exterior angles total 360,360^\circ, the polygon has 1717 vertices and S=(172)180=2700. S=(17-2)180^\circ=2700^\circ. All its angles are equal, but its sides need not be equal, so it may or may not be regular.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

28.

方程 x7x3=37x3 x-\frac7{x-3}=3-\frac7{x-3} 的根的情况是:

The equation x7x3=37x3 x-\frac7{x-3}=3-\frac7{x-3} has:

有无穷多个整数根

infinitely many integral roots

无根

no root

有一个整数根

one integral root

有两个相等的整数根

two equal integral roots

有两个相等的非整数根

two equal non-integral roots

难度评级:890
小提示:

在方程有定义之处,两边相同的分式项可以消去

The identical fractional terms cancel wherever the equation is defined

大提示:

检查所得的值是否属于原方程的定义域

Check whether the resulting value lies in the original domain

解答:

x3x\ne3 时,从两边减去相同的分式后只剩 x=3x=3。但 x=3x=3 会使原式的分母为零,所以它不在定义域内。该方程无根。

因此,正确答案是 B

For x3,x\ne3, subtracting the identical fractions from both sides leaves x=3.x=3. But x=3x=3 makes the original denominators zero, so it is not in the domain. The equation has no root.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

29.

AA 的钱的五倍加上 BB 的钱多于 $51.00\$51.00AA 的钱的三倍减去 BB 的钱等于 $21.00\$21.00。若 aa 表示 AA 的钱(美元),bb 表示 BB 的钱(美元),则:

Five times AA’s money added to BB’s money is more than $51.00.\$51.00. Three times AA’s money minus BB’s money is $21.00.\$21.00. If aa represents AA’s money in dollars and bb represents BB’s money in dollars, then:

a>9,b>6

a>9, b>6

a>9,b<6b\lt6

a>9, b<6b\lt6

a>9,b=6b=6

a>9, b=6b=6

a>9,但无法给 bb 确定界限

a>9, but we can put no bounds on bb

2a=3b2a=3b

难度评级:1320
小提示:

利用 3ab=213a-b=21,用 aa 表示 bb

Use 3ab=213a-b=21 to express bb in terms of aa

大提示:

代入 5a+b>515a+b>51

Substitute into 5a+b>515a+b>51

解答:

3ab=213a-b=21,得 b=3a21b=3a-21。代入不等式,得到 5a+3a21>51 5a+3a-21>51\text{,}所以 a>9a>9。进而 b=3a21>6b=3a-21>6

因此,正确答案是 A

From 3ab=21,3a-b=21, we have b=3a21.b=3a-21. Substitution into the inequality gives 5a+3a21>51, 5a+3a-21>51, so a>9.a>9. It follows that b=3a21>6.b=3a-21>6.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

30.

给定直线 3x+5y=153x+5y=15,考察该直线上到两坐标轴距离相等的点。这样的点存在于:

Given the line 3x+5y=153x+5y=15 and a point on this line equidistant from the coordinate axes. Such a point exists in:

任何象限都没有

none of the quadrants

仅第 I\mathrm{I} 象限

quadrant I\mathrm{I} only

仅第 I\mathrm{I}II\mathrm{II} 象限

quadrants I,\mathrm{I}, II\mathrm{II} only

仅第 I\mathrm{I}II\mathrm{II}III\mathrm{III} 象限

quadrants I,\mathrm{I}, II,\mathrm{II}, III\mathrm{III} only

每个象限

each of the quadrants

难度评级:1210
小提示:

到两坐标轴距离相等的点满足 x=y|x|=|y|

A point equidistant from the axes satisfies x=y|x|=|y|

大提示:

分别求给定直线与 y=xy=xy=xy=-x 的交点

Intersect the given line with both y=xy=x and y=xy=-x

解答:

y=xy=x 时,直线给出 8x=158x=15,所得点在第一象限。当 y=xy=-x 时,得到 2x=15-2x=15,所以 x<0x\lt0y>0y>0,所得点在第二象限。没有其他可能。

因此,正确答案是 C

For y=x,y=x, the line gives 8x=15,8x=15, producing a point in quadrant I. For y=x,y=-x, it gives 2x=15,-2x=15, so x<0x\lt0 and y>0,y>0, producing a point in quadrant II. There are no other possibilities.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

31.

要使 x2+2x+5x^2+2x+5 成为 x4+px2+qx^4+px^2+q 的因式,ppqq 的值必须依次为:

For x2+2x+5x^2+2x+5 to be a factor of x4+px2+q,x^4+px^2+q, the values of pp and qq must be, respectively:

2-255

2,-2, 55

552525

5,5, 2525

10102020

10,10, 2020

662525

6,6, 2525

14142525

14,14, 2525

难度评级:1690
小提示:

x2+2x+5x^2+2x+5 取模,于是 x2=2x5x^2=-2x-5

Work modulo x2+2x+5,x^2+2x+5, so x2=2x5x^2=-2x-5

大提示:

x4x^4 化为一次式,并令余式的两个系数都为零

Reduce x4x^4 to a linear expression and make both remainder coefficients zero

解答:

x2+2x+5x^2+2x+5 取模,有 x2=2x5x^2=-2x-5。于是 x3=10x,x4=12x+5 x^3=10-x,\qquad x^4=12x+5\text{。}因此 x4+px2+q(122p)x+(55p+q) \begin{gathered} x^4+px^2+q\\ {}\equiv(12-2p)x+(5-5p+q) \end{gathered}\text{。}p=6p=6q=25q=25 时,两个系数都为零。

因此,正确答案是 D

Modulo x2+2x+5,x^2+2x+5, we have x2=2x5.x^2=-2x-5. Then x3=10x,x4=12x+5. x^3=10-x,\qquad x^4=12x+5. Thus x4+px2+q(122p)x+(55p+q). \begin{gathered} x^4+px^2+q\\ {}\equiv(12-2p)x+(5-5p+q). \end{gathered} Both coefficients vanish when p=6p=6 and q=25.q=25.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

32.

在图中,圆心为 OOABBC\overline{AB}\perp\overline{BC}ADOEADOE 是一条直线,AP=AD\overline{AP}=\overline{AD},且 AB\overline{AB} 的长度是半径的两倍。则:

In this figure the center of the circle is O.O. ABBC,\overline{AB}\perp\overline{BC}, ADOEADOE is a straight line, AP=AD,\overline{AP}=\overline{AD}, and AB\overline{AB} has a length twice the radius. Then:

AP2=PBAB\overline{AP}^{\,2}=\overline{PB}\cdot\overline{AB}

APDO=PBAD\overline{AP}\cdot\overline{DO}=\overline{PB}\cdot\overline{AD}

AB2=ADDE\overline{AB}^{\,2}=\overline{AD}\cdot\overline{DE}

ABAD=OBAO\overline{AB}\cdot\overline{AD}=\overline{OB}\cdot\overline{AO}

以上都不是

none of these

知识点:切线圆幂
难度评级:2000
小提示:

设半径为 rr,用 AOAOrr 表示 ADAD

Let the radius be rr and write ADAD in terms of AOAO and rr

大提示:

联合使用切线关系 AB2=ADAEAB^2=AD\cdot AEAB=2rAB=2r

Use the tangent relation AB2=ADAEAB^2=AD\cdot AE together with AB=2rAB=2r

解答:

设半径为 rr。因为 ABABBB 点处与圆相切,所以 AB2=ADAE AB^2=AD\cdot AE\text{。}AD=tAD=t。由于割线经过圆心,AE=t+2rAE=t+2r,而 AB=2rAB=2r。因此 t(t+2r)=4r2 t(t+2r)=4r^2\text{。}另外,AP=AD=tAP=AD=t,且 PB=ABAP=2rtPB=AB-AP=2r-t。将上式整理为 t2=2r(2rt)=PBAB t^2=2r(2r-t)=PB\cdot AB\text{。}因此 AP2=PBABAP^2=PB\cdot AB

因此,正确答案是 A

Let the radius be r.r. Since ABAB is tangent at B,B, AB2=ADAE. AB^2=AD\cdot AE. Write AD=t.AD=t. Because the secant passes through the center, AE=t+2r,AE=t+2r, while AB=2r.AB=2r. Hence t(t+2r)=4r2. t(t+2r)=4r^2. Also AP=AD=tAP=AD=t and PB=ABAP=2rt.PB=AB-AP=2r-t. The displayed equation rearranges to t2=2r(2rt)=PBAB. t^2=2r(2r-t)=PB\cdot AB. Therefore AP2=PBAB.AP^2=PB\cdot AB.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

33.

给定一个含 5858 项的数列;每一项都形如 P+nP+n,其中 PP 表示所有不超过 6161 的质数的乘积 235612\cdot3\cdot5\cdots61,而 nn 依次取值 223344\ldots5959。设该数列中质数的个数为 NN。则 NN 是:

You are given a sequence of 5858 terms; each term has the form P+nP+n where PP stands for the product 235612\cdot3\cdot5\cdots61 of all prime numbers less than or equal to 61,61, and nn takes, successively, the values 2,2, 3,3, 4,4, ,\ldots, 59.59. Let NN be the number of primes appearing in this sequence. Then NN is:

00

1616

1717

5757

5858

难度评级:1500
小提示:

225959 的每个 nn 都有一个不超过 5959 的质因子

Every nn from 22 through 5959 has a prime divisor at most 5959

大提示:

同一个质因子同时整除 PPnn

That same prime divisor divides both PP and nn

解答:

对给定范围内的每个 nn,选择 nn 的一个质因子 pp。由于 p59p\le59,它是 PP 的一个因子。因此 pp 整除 P+nP+n。又因为 P+n>pP+n>p,所以 P+nP+n 是合数。没有一项是质数,故 N=0N=0

因此,正确答案是 A

For each nn in the given range, choose a prime divisor pp of n.n. Since p59,p\le59, it is one of the factors of P.P. Therefore pp divides P+n.P+n. Moreover P+n>p,P+n>p, so P+nP+n is composite. No term is prime, and N=0.N=0.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

34.

两名游泳者分别位于一个长 9090 英尺的泳池两端,同时开始沿泳池长度方向游泳,一人的速度为每秒 33 英尺,另一人的速度为每秒 22 英尺。他们来回游了 1212 分钟。假设转身不耗费时间,求他们相互经过的次数。

Two swimmers, at opposite ends of a 9090-foot pool, start to swim the length of the pool, one at the rate of 33 feet per second, the other at 22 feet per second. They swim back and forth for 1212 minutes. Allowing no loss of time at the turns, find the number of times they pass each other.

2424

2121

2020

1919

1818

难度评级:1870
小提示:

每当游泳者转身时,将泳池作镜像延拓,使两条路径都变成直线

Reflect the pool each time a swimmer turns so both paths become straight

大提示:

两人的位置变化共同以 180180 秒为周期;检查一个完整周期,并计入端点处的位置重合

The joint position pattern repeats every 180180 seconds; inspect one full cycle, including endpoint coincidences

解答:

速度较快者的位置每 6060 秒重复一次,速度较慢者的位置每 9090 秒重复一次。因此,两人的位置变化共同以 180180 秒为周期。在一个周期内,他们的位置在 t=18,54,90,126,162 t=18,54,90,126,162 秒时重合。原题答案采用的计数方式把 t=90t=90 秒时两人在端点同时转身也计作一次相遇。因此每个周期计 55 次,1212 分钟内共有 44 个周期,得到 54=205\cdot4=20

因此,正确答案是 C

The faster swimmer’s position repeats every 6060 seconds, and the slower swimmer’s position repeats every 9090 seconds. Thus their joint position pattern repeats every 180180 seconds. During one such cycle, their positions coincide at t=18,54,90,126,162 t=18,54,90,126,162 seconds. The keyed interpretation counts the simultaneous turn at the endpoint when t=90t=90 as one of these encounters. Thus there are 55 counted encounters per cycle and 44 cycles in 1212 minutes, giving 54=20.5\cdot4=20.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

35.

从周长为 1010 个单位的圆外一点 PP 作圆的切线;又从 PP 作一条割线,将圆分成长度分别为 mmnn 的两段不等弧。已知切线长 ttmmnn 的比例中项。若 mmtt 都是整数,则 tt 可能取值的个数为:

From point PP outside a circle, with a circumference of 1010 units, a tangent is drawn. Also from PP a secant is drawn dividing the circle into unequal arcs with lengths mm and n.n. It is found that t,t, the length of the tangent, is the mean proportional between mm and n.n. If mm and tt are integers, then tt may have the following number of values:

零个

zero

一个

one

两个

two

三个

three

无穷多个

infinitely many

难度评级:1870
小提示:

使用 m+n=10m+n=10t2=mnt^2=mn

Use m+n=10m+n=10 and t2=mnt^2=mn

大提示:

检验整数值 m=1,2,,9m=1,2,\ldots,9,并排除两弧相等的情况

Test the integer values m=1,2,,9,m=1,2,\ldots,9, excluding equal arcs

解答:

弧长满足 m+n=10m+n=10,而比例中项条件给出 t2=mn=m(10m) t^2=mn=m(10-m)\text{。}mm 取从 1199 的整数时,不计对称重复,可能的乘积为 991616212124242525。最后一个来自相等的两弧 m=n=5m=n=5,应排除。其余完全平方数给出 t=3t=3t=4t=4,共两个值。

因此,正确答案是 C

The arc lengths satisfy m+n=10,m+n=10, while the mean-proportional condition gives t2=mn=m(10m). t^2=mn=m(10-m). For integral mm from 11 through 9,9, the possible products, up to symmetry, are 9,9, 16,16, 21,21, 24,24, and 25.25. The last comes from equal arcs m=n=5m=n=5 and is excluded. The remaining squares give t=3t=3 and t=4,t=4, two values.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

36.

在同一个首项为 aa、公差为 dd 的等差数列中,设前 nn2n2n3n3n 项的和依次为 s1s_1s2s_2s3s_3。令 R=s3s2s1R=s_3-s_2-s_1。则 RR 取决于:

Let s1,s_1, s2,s_2, s3s_3 be the respective sums of n,n, 2n,2n, 3n3n terms of the same arithmetic progression with aa as the first term and dd as the common difference. Let R=s3s2s1.R=s_3-s_2-s_1. Then RR is dependent on:

aadd

aa and dd

ddnn

dd and nn

aann

aa and nn

aaddnn

a,a, d,d, and nn

不取决于 aaddnn 中的任何一个

neither aa nor dd nor nn

难度评级:1670
小提示:

使用 Sk=k2(2a+(k1)d)S_k=\dfrac{k}{2}(2a+(k-1)d)

Use Sk=k2(2a+(k1)d)S_k=\dfrac{k}{2}(2a+(k-1)d)

大提示:

依次代入 k=n,2n,3nk=n,2n,3n,分别合并含 aa 和含 dd 的项

Substitute k=n,2n,3nk=n,2n,3n and collect the aa-terms and dd-terms separately

解答:

使用等差数列求和公式,sj=jn2(2a+(jn1)d) s_j=\frac{jn}{2}\bigl(2a+(jn-1)d\bigr)\text{。}s3s2s1s_3-s_2-s_1 中,aa 的系数为 3n2nn=03n-2n-n=0。化简其余各项,得到 R=2n2d R=2n^2d\text{。}因此 RR 取决于 ddnn,但不取决于 aa

因此,正确答案是 B

Using the arithmetic-series formula, sj=jn2(2a+(jn1)d). s_j=\frac{jn}{2}\bigl(2a+(jn-1)d\bigr). In s3s2s1,s_3-s_2-s_1, the coefficient of aa is 3n2nn=0.3n-2n-n=0. Simplifying the remaining terms gives R=2n2d. R=2n^2d. Thus RR depends on dd and n,n, but not on a.a.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

37.

一个三角形的底长为 bb,高为 hh。在该三角形内接一个高为 xx 的矩形,且矩形的底边在三角形的底边上。该矩形的面积是:

The base of a triangle is of length b,b, and the altitude is of length h.h. A rectangle of height xx is inscribed in the triangle with the base of the rectangle in the base of the triangle. The area of the rectangle is:

bxh(hx)\dfrac{bx}{h}(h-x)

hxb(bx)\dfrac{hx}{b}(b-x)

bxh(h2x)\dfrac{bx}{h}(h-2x)

x(bx)x(b-x)

x(hx)x(h-x)

知识点:相似矩形面积
难度评级:1280
小提示:

在高度 xx 处,利用相似关系求出三角形的水平宽度

At height x,x, use similarity to find the horizontal width of the triangle

大提示:

可用宽度为 b(1xh)b(1-\frac{x}{h});将其乘以矩形的高

The available width is b(1xh)b(1-\frac{x}{h}); multiply it by the rectangle’s height

解答:

由相似关系,高度 xx 处平行于底边的截线长度为 b(1xh)=b(hx)h b\left(1-\frac{x}{h}\right)=\frac{b(h-x)}{h}\text{。}将它乘以矩形的高 xx,得到 bxh(hx) \frac{bx}{h}(h-x)\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 A

The cross-section parallel to the base at height xx has width b(1xh)=b(hx)h b\left(1-\frac{x}{h}\right)=\frac{b(h-x)}{h} by similarity. Multiplying by the rectangle’s height xx gives bxh(hx). \frac{bx}{h}(h-x).

Thus, the correct answer is A.

38.

在图中,AB\overline{AB}AC\overline{AC} 是等腰三角形 ABCABC 的两条等长边,其中内接等边三角形 DEFDEF。记角 BFDBFDaa、角 ADEADEbb、角 FECFECcc。则:

In this diagram AB\overline{AB} and AC\overline{AC} are the equal sides of an isosceles triangle ABC,ABC, in which is inscribed equilateral triangle DEF.DEF. Designate angle BFDBFD by a,a, angle ADEADE by b,b, and angle FECFEC by c.c. Then:

b=a+c2b=\dfrac{a+c}{2}

b=ac2b=\dfrac{a-c}{2}

a=bc2a=\dfrac{b-c}{2}

a=b+c2a=\dfrac{b+c}{2}

以上都不是

none of these

难度评级:2000
小提示:

ABCABC 的每个底角为 θ\theta

Let each base angle of ABCABC be θ\theta

大提示:

利用等边三角形的 6060^\circ 角,比较 DFDFDEDEEFEF 的方向

Compare the directions of DF,DF, DE,DE, and EFEF using the 6060^\circ angles of the equilateral triangle

解答:

ABCABC 的每个底角为 θ\theta。从 BCBC 的方向量起,直线 FDFD 的方向角为 180a180^\circ-a,所以由等边三角形条件,DEDE 的方向角为 60a60^\circ-a。在 DD 点处,b=θ(60a)=θ60+a b=\theta-(60^\circ-a)=\theta-60^\circ+a\text{。}同样,在 EE 点追角可得 c=60+aθ c=60^\circ+a-\theta\text{。}两式相加,得到 b+c=2ab+c=2a

因此 a=b+c2a=\frac{b+c}{2},正确答案是 D

Let each base angle of ABCABC be θ.\theta. Measured from the direction BC,BC, the line FDFD has direction 180a,180^\circ-a, so the equilateral condition makes DEDE have direction 60a.60^\circ-a. At D,D, b=θ(60a)=θ60+a. b=\theta-(60^\circ-a)=\theta-60^\circ+a. Similarly, angle chasing at EE gives c=60+aθ. c=60^\circ+a-\theta. Adding these equations yields b+c=2a.b+c=2a.

Therefore a=b+c2,a=\frac{b+c}{2}, and the correct answer is D.

39.

要满足方程 a+ba=ba+b \frac{a+b}{a}=\frac{b}{a+b}\text{,} aabb 必须:

To satisfy the equation a+ba=ba+b, \frac{a+b}{a}=\frac{b}{a+b}, aa and bb must be:

都是有理数

both rational

都是实数但不是有理数

both real but not rational

都不是实数

both not real

一个是实数,另一个不是实数

one real, one not real

一个是实数而另一个不是,或者两者都不是实数

one real, one not real or both not real

知识点:复数二次方程
难度评级:1730
小提示:

注意分母必须非零,再令 t=bat=\frac{b}{a}

Let t=bat=\frac{b}{a} after noting that the denominators must be nonzero

大提示:

所得二次方程 t2+t+1=0t^2+t+1=0 的判别式为负

The resulting quadratic t2+t+1=0t^2+t+1=0 has negative discriminant

解答:

由分母可知 a0a\ne0a+b0a+b\ne0。令 t=bat=\frac{b}{a} 并交叉相乘,得到 (1+t)2=t (1+t)^2=t\text{,}t2+t+1=0t^2+t+1=0。其判别式为 3-3,所以 tt 不是实数。因此 aabb 不可能都是实数。根据为 aa 选择的非零复数倍数,可以一个为实数而另一个为非实数,也可以两者都是非实数。

因此,正确答案是 E

The denominators require a0a\ne0 and a+b0.a+b\ne0. Setting t=bat=\frac{b}{a} and cross-multiplying gives (1+t)2=t, (1+t)^2=t, or t2+t+1=0.t^2+t+1=0. Its discriminant is 3,-3, so tt is not real. Therefore aa and bb cannot both be real. Depending on the nonzero complex scale chosen for a,a, one can be real and the other nonreal, or both can be nonreal.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

40.

给定直角三角形 ABCABC,两直角边为 BC=3\overline{BC}=3AC=4\overline{AC}=4。求从 CC 引向斜边的两条三等分角线中较短一条的长度:

Given right triangle ABCABC with legs BC=3,\overline{BC}=3, AC=4.\overline{AC}=4. Find the length of the shorter angle trisector from CC to the hypotenuse:

3232413\dfrac{32\sqrt3-24}{13}

123913\dfrac{12\sqrt3-9}{13}

6386\sqrt3-8

5106\dfrac{5\sqrt{10}}6

2512\dfrac{25}{12}

难度评级:2000
小提示:

C=(0,0)C=(0,0)B=(3,0)B=(3,0)A=(0,4)A=(0,4)

Place C=(0,0),C=(0,0), B=(3,0),B=(3,0), A=(0,4)A=(0,4)

大提示:

两条三等分角射线与 CBCB 分别成 3030^\circ6060^\circ;分别求它们与 x3+y4=1\frac{x}{3}+\frac{y}{4}=1 的交点

The two trisector rays make angles 3030^\circ and 6060^\circ with CBCB; intersect each with x3+y4=1\frac{x}{3}+\frac{y}{4}=1

解答:

C=(0,0)C=(0,0)B=(3,0)B=(3,0)A=(0,4)A=(0,4)。斜边的方程为 x3+y4=1\frac{x}{3}+\frac{y}{4}=1。与水平边成 3030^\circ 的三等分角射线为 y=x3y=\frac{x}{\sqrt3}。代入得 x=12343+3 x=\frac{12\sqrt3}{4\sqrt3+3}\text{。}其长度为 xcos30=2x3\frac{x}{\cos30^\circ}=\frac{2x}{\sqrt3},即 2443+3=3232413 \frac{24}{4\sqrt3+3} =\frac{32\sqrt3-24}{13}\text{。}与水平边成 6060^\circ 的射线给出较长的三等分角线。

因此,正确答案是 A

Place C=(0,0),C=(0,0), B=(3,0),B=(3,0), A=(0,4).A=(0,4). The hypotenuse has equation x3+y4=1.\frac{x}{3}+\frac{y}{4}=1. The 3030^\circ trisector ray is y=x3.y=\frac{x}{\sqrt3}. Substitution gives x=12343+3. x=\frac{12\sqrt3}{4\sqrt3+3}. Its length is xcos30=2x3,\frac{x}{\cos30^\circ}=\frac{2x}{\sqrt3}, hence 2443+3=3232413. \frac{24}{4\sqrt3+3} =\frac{32\sqrt3-24}{13}. The 6060^\circ ray gives the longer trisector.

Thus, the correct answer is A.