2021 AMC 12A Spring Problem 24

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24.

Semicircle Γ\Gamma has diameter ABAB of length 14.14. Circle Ω\Omega lies tangent to ABAB at a point PP and intersects Γ\Gamma at points QQ and R.R. If QR=33QR = 3\sqrt3 and QPR=60,\angle QPR = 60^\circ, then the area of PQR\triangle PQR is abc,\dfrac{a\sqrt b}{c}, where aa and cc are relatively prime positive integers and bb is a positive integer not divisible by the square of any prime. What is a+b+c?a + b + c?

110110

114114

118118

122122

126126

Answer: D
Concepts:law of sinesradical axiscoordinate geometry
Difficulty rating: 2760
Solution:

In circle Ω,\Omega, the chord QRQR subtends the inscribed angle QPR=60,\angle QPR = 60^\circ, so QR=2rsin60,QR = 2r\sin 60^\circ, giving 33=r3,3\sqrt3 = r\sqrt3, hence r=3.r = 3.

Place A=(7,0),A = (-7, 0), B=(7,0),B = (7, 0), with Γ:x2+y2=49\Gamma: x^2 + y^2 = 49 (upper half). Since Ω\Omega is tangent to ABAB at P=(p,0),P = (p, 0), its center is (p,3).(p, 3). Subtracting the two circle equations gives the line QR,QR, and the distance from the center (p,3)(p,3) to QRQR must equal rcos60=32.r\cos 60^\circ = \tfrac32. This yields (p231)2=9p2+81,(p^2 - 31)^2 = 9p^2 + 81, so p2=16p^2 = 16 (the root p2=55p^2 = 55 places PP outside ABAB).

With p2=16,p^2 = 16, the distance from PP to line QRQR is 49p24p2+36=3310.\dfrac{49 - p^2}{\sqrt{4p^2 + 36}} = \dfrac{33}{10}. Thus [PQR]=12QRd=12333310=99320. \begin{aligned} [\triangle PQR] &= \tfrac12\cdot QR\cdot d \\ &= \tfrac12\cdot 3\sqrt3\cdot\tfrac{33}{10} \\ &= \frac{99\sqrt3}{20}. \end{aligned} So a=99,a = 99, b=3,b = 3, c=20,c = 20, and a+b+c=122.a + b + c = 122.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

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