2019 AMC 12B Problem 12

Attempt Problem 12 of the 2019 AMC 12B below, then check your answer against the professionally curated solution from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 2019 AMC 12B solutions, or check the answer key.

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12.

Right triangle ACDACD with right angle at CC is constructed outwards on the hypotenuse AC\overline{AC} of isosceles right triangle ABCABC with leg length 1,1, as shown, so that the two triangles have equal perimeters. What is sin(2BAD)?\sin(2\angle BAD)?

13\dfrac{1}{3}

22\dfrac{\sqrt2}{2}

34\dfrac{3}{4}

79\dfrac{7}{9}

32\dfrac{\sqrt3}{2}

Answer: D
Concepts:right triangletrigonometric identity
Difficulty rating: 1700
Solution:

Triangle ABCABC has perimeter 1+1+2=2+21+1+\sqrt2=2+\sqrt2 and AC=2.AC=\sqrt2. In ACD\triangle ACD let CD=d,CD=d, so AD=2+d2AD=\sqrt{2+d^2} and equal perimeters give 2+d+2+d2=2+2. \sqrt2+d+\sqrt{2+d^2}=2+\sqrt2.

Then 2+d2=2d,\sqrt{2+d^2}=2-d, so 2+d2=44d+d2,2+d^2=4-4d+d^2, giving d=12d=\dfrac12 and AD=32.AD=\dfrac32.

Since BAC=45,\angle BAC=45^\circ, writing θ=CAD\theta=\angle CAD gives 2BAD=90+2θ,2\angle BAD=90^\circ+2\theta, so sin(2BAD)=cos2θ.\sin(2\angle BAD)=\cos 2\theta. With tanθ=CDAC=122,\tan\theta=\dfrac{CD}{AC}=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt2}, we get cos2θ=1tan2θ1+tan2θ=1181+18=79. \begin{gathered} \cos2\theta=\dfrac{1-\tan^2\theta}{1+\tan^2\theta} \\ =\dfrac{1-\tfrac18}{1+\tfrac18}=\dfrac{7}{9}. \end{gathered}

Thus, D is the correct answer.

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