2012 AIME II Problem 8

Attempt Problem 8 of the 2012 AIME II below, then check your answer against the professionally curated solution from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 2012 AIME II solutions, or check the answer key.

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8.

The complex numbers zz and ww satisfy the system z+20iw=5+i,z + \frac{20\mathrm{i}}{w} = 5 + \mathrm{i}, w+12iz=4+10i.w + \frac{12\mathrm{i}}{z} = -4 + 10\mathrm{i}.

Find the smallest possible value of zw2.|zw|^2.

Answer: 40
Concepts:complex numbersystem of equationsquadratic
Difficulty rating: 2840
Small Hint:

Multiply the two equations: the cross terms become the constants 12i12\mathrm{i} and 20i,20\mathrm{i}, leaving an equation in the single unknown zwzw

Big Hint:

The quadratic in zwzw needs 416210i;\sqrt{416 - 210\mathrm{i}}; find it by setting (a+bi)2=416210i(a + b\mathrm{i})^2 = 416 - 210\mathrm{i} with integers aa and bb

Solution:

Multiplying the two equations gives zw+12i+20i240zw=(5+i)(4+10i)=30+46i, \begin{aligned} &zw + 12\mathrm{i} + 20\mathrm{i} \\ &\quad {}- \frac{240}{zw} = (5 + \mathrm{i})(-4 + 10\mathrm{i}) \\ &\quad = -30 + 46\mathrm{i}, \end{aligned} so zw240zw=30+14i.zw - \frac{240}{zw} = -30 + 14\mathrm{i}. Setting v=zwv = zw yields v2+(3014i)v240=0.v^2 + (30 - 14\mathrm{i})v - 240 = 0.

By the quadratic formula, v=15+7iv = -15 + 7\mathrm{i} ±(157i)2+240\pm \sqrt{(15 - 7\mathrm{i})^2 + 240} =15+7i= -15 + 7\mathrm{i} ±416210i.\pm \sqrt{416 - 210\mathrm{i}}. Writing (a+bi)2=416210i(a + b\mathrm{i})^2 = 416 - 210\mathrm{i} requires a2b2=416a^2 - b^2 = 416 and ab=105,ab = -105, which gives a+bi=±(215i).a + b\mathrm{i} = \pm(21 - 5\mathrm{i}). Hence v=6+2iv = 6 + 2\mathrm{i} or v=36+12i,v = -36 + 12\mathrm{i}, with v2=40|v|^2 = 40 or 1440.1440.

The smaller value is attained: z=1i,z = 1 - \mathrm{i}, w=2+4iw = 2 + 4\mathrm{i} satisfies both equations with zw=6+2i.zw = 6 + 2\mathrm{i}. So the smallest possible value of zw2|zw|^2 is 40.40.

Problem 7#7
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