2000 AIME II Problem 9

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9.

Given that zz is a complex number such that z+1z=2cos3,z + \frac{1}{z} = 2\cos 3^\circ, find the least integer that is greater than z2000+1z2000.z^{2000} + \frac{1}{z^{2000}}.

Answer: 0
Concepts:complex numberDe Moivre’s Theorem
Difficulty rating: 2330
Solution:

From z+1z=2cos3z + \frac{1}{z} = 2\cos 3^\circ we get z2(2cos3)z+1=0,z^2 - (2\cos 3^\circ) z + 1 = 0, so z=cos3±isin3,z = \cos 3^\circ \pm i \sin 3^\circ, a point on the unit circle. By de Moivre's theorem, z2000+1z2000=2cos(20003)=2cos6000. \begin{aligned} z^{2000} + \frac{1}{z^{2000}} &= 2\cos(2000 \cdot 3^\circ) \\ &= 2\cos 6000^\circ. \end{aligned}

Since 6000=16360+240,6000 = 16 \cdot 360 + 240, this equals 2cos240=1.2\cos 240^\circ = -1. The least integer greater than 1-1 is 0.0.

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