1990 AMC 8 详解

向下滚动即可查看来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh 的精心整理的解答,打印PDF 解答,查看答案,或参加完整限时模拟考试

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

1.

把两个 33 位数加法算式中的六个方框分别填入数字 445566778899,每个数字用一次。能够得到的最小的两个 33 位数之和是多少?

What is the smallest sum of two 33-digit numbers that can be obtained by placing each of the six digits 4,4, 5,5, 6,6, 7,7, 8,8, 99 into one of the six boxes of a sum of two 33-digit numbers?

947947

10371037

10471047

10561056

12451245

知识点:位值最优化
难度评级:930
小提示:

百位上的数字会被算作 100100 倍,所以应把最小的数字放在百位

A digit in the hundreds place counts 100100 times, so put the smallest digits there

大提示:

百位应放 4455,十位应放 6677,个位应放 8899

Hundreds digits should be 44 and 55, tens digits 66 and 77, units digits 88 and 99

解答:

要让和最小,两个最小的数字应放在百位,接下来的两个数字放在十位,最大的两个数字放在个位。

例如 468+579=1047468 + 579 = 1047,这种分配方式都会得到同样的和。

所以正确答案是 C

To make the sum small, the two smallest digits go in the hundreds places, the next two in the tens places, and the two largest in the units places.

One such arrangement is 468+579=1047468 + 579 = 1047, and every arrangement of this type gives the same sum.

Thus, the correct answer is C .

2.

0.123450.12345 中的哪一个数字改成 99,会得到最大的数?

Which digit of 0.12345,0.12345, when changed to 9,9, gives the largest number?

11

22

33

44

55

知识点:位值小数
难度评级:450
小提示:

改变位值更高的数字,会让这个数增加得更多

Changing a digit in a higher place value raises the number by more

大提示:

最左边的数字 11 在十分位,是这些数字中位值最高的位置

The leftmost digit 11 sits in the tenths place, the largest place value shown

解答:

改变十分位上的数字,比改变右边任何一位的影响都大。十分位上的数字是 11

把它改成九后得到 0.923450.92345,这是可能得到的最大数。

所以正确答案是 A

Changing a digit in the tenths place changes the number more than changing any digit farther to the right. The digit in the tenths place is 11.

Changing it gives 0.923450.92345, which is the largest possible result.

Thus, the correct answer is A .

3.

正方形中有多少比例的面积被涂色?

What fraction of the square is shaded?

13\dfrac{1}{3}

25\dfrac{2}{5}

512\dfrac{5}{12}

37\dfrac{3}{7}

12\dfrac{1}{2}

知识点:面积对称性
难度评级:730
小提示:

沿着从一个顶点到对角顶点的主对角线反射图形

Reflect the figure across the main diagonal that runs corner to corner

大提示:

对角线一侧的每个涂色部分,都与另一侧一个等面积的未涂色部分对应

Each shaded piece on one side of the diagonal matches an unshaded piece of equal area on the other side

解答:

从一个顶点到对角顶点的对角线把正方形分成两个面积相等的部分。对角线一侧的每个涂色部分,都是另一侧某个等面积未涂色部分的镜像。

因此涂色面积和未涂色面积相等,正好有 12\dfrac12 的正方形被涂色。

所以正确答案是 E

The diagonal from one corner to the opposite corner splits the square into two equal halves. Every shaded piece on one side of the diagonal is the mirror image of an equal unshaded piece on the other side.

So the shaded and unshaded areas are equal, and exactly 12\dfrac12 of the square is shaded.

Thus, the correct answer is E .

4.

下列哪一个数不可能是某个整数平方的个位数字?

Which of the following could not be the units digit [one’s digit] of the square of a whole number?

11

44

55

66

88

难度评级:800
小提示:

一个平方数的个位数字只取决于被平方的数的个位数字

The units digit of a square depends only on the units digit of the number being squared

大提示:

0099 分别平方,只记录结果的个位数字

Square each of the digits 00 through 99 and record only the units digit of each result

解答:

平方数的个位数字由原数的个位数字决定。0099 平方后的个位数字依次是 00114499665566994411

所以平方数只能以 001144556699 结尾;不可能以 22337788 结尾。选项中只有 88 不可能。

所以正确答案是 E

The units digit of a square is determined by the units digit of the number squared. Squaring 00 through 99 gives units digits 0,0, 1,1, 4,4, 9,9, 6,6, 5,5, 6,6, 9,9, 4,4, 11.

So a square can only end in 0,0, 1,1, 4,4, 5,5, 6,6, or 99; it can never end in 2,2, 3,3, 7,7, or 88. Among the choices, only 88 is impossible.

Thus, the correct answer is E .

5.

下列哪一个数最接近乘积 (0.48017)(0.48017)(0.48017)(0.48017)(0.48017)(0.48017)

Which of the following is closest to the product (0.48017)(0.48017)(0.48017)?(0.48017)(0.48017)(0.48017)?

0.0110.011

0.1100.110

1.101.10

11.011.0

110110

知识点:估算指数
难度评级:800
小提示:

0.480170.48017 非常接近 12\dfrac12

0.480170.48017 is very close to 12\dfrac12

大提示:

把这个乘积估成 (12)3\left(\dfrac12\right)^3

Estimate the product as (12)3\left(\dfrac12\right)^3

解答:

因为 0.480170.48017 接近 12\dfrac12,所以这个乘积接近

(12)3=18=0.125\left(\dfrac12\right)^3 = \dfrac18 = 0.125\text{。}

选项中最接近 0.1250.125 的是 0.1100.110

所以正确答案是 B

Since 0.480170.48017 is close to 12\dfrac12, the product is close to

(12)3=18=0.125.\left(\dfrac12\right)^3 = \dfrac18 = 0.125.

The choice closest to 0.1250.125 is 0.1100.110.

Thus, the correct answer is B .

6.

这五个数中哪一个最大?

Which of these five numbers is the largest?

13579+1246813579 + \dfrac{1}{2468}

135791246813579 - \dfrac{1}{2468}

13579×1246813579 \times \dfrac{1}{2468}

13579÷1246813579 \div \dfrac{1}{2468}

13579.246813579.2468

知识点:分数
难度评级:730
小提示:

除以 12468\dfrac{1}{2468} 等于乘以 24682468

Dividing by 12468\dfrac{1}{2468} is the same as multiplying by 24682468

大提示:

其他选项都仍在 1357913579 附近,但有一个会变成原来的几千倍

All the other choices stay near 1357913579, but one of them becomes thousands of times larger

解答:

选项 A、B 和 E 都非常接近 1357913579。选项 C 把 1357913579 乘以一个很小的数,会变得更小。

选项 D 是除以 12468\dfrac{1}{2468},也就是乘以 24682468。它比 1357913579 大几千倍,所以最大。

所以正确答案是 D

Choices A, B, and E are all very close to 1357913579, and choice C multiplies 1357913579 by a tiny number, making it much smaller.

Choice D divides by 12468\dfrac{1}{2468}, which is the same as multiplying by 24682468. This makes it thousands of times larger than 1357913579, so it is the largest.

Thus, the correct answer is D .

7.

从集合 {3,2,1,4,5}\{ -3, -2, -1, 4, 5 \} 中选出三个不同的数相乘,可能得到的最大乘积是

When three different numbers from the set {3,2,1,4,5}\{ -3, -2, -1, 4, 5 \} are multiplied, the largest possible product is

1010

2020

3030

4040

6060

知识点:最优化
难度评级:890
小提示:

三个数的乘积为正,可能是没有负数,也可能是恰好有两个负数

A product of three numbers is positive only when none or two of them are negative

大提示:

这里只有两个正数,所以应使用两个负数和最大的正数

There are only two positive numbers, so use two negatives and the largest positive

解答:

三个数的乘积要为正,要么三个全是正数,要么恰好两个是负数。这里只有两个正数,所以必须用两个负数和一个正数。

为了使乘积最大,取两个最小的负数和最大的正数:(3)(2)(5)=30(-3)(-2)(5) = 30

所以正确答案是 C

For the product of three numbers to be positive, either all three are positive or exactly two are negative. There are only two positive numbers, so we must use two negatives and one positive.

To maximize, take the two most negative numbers and the largest positive: (3)(2)(5)=30(-3)(-2)(5) = 30.

Thus, the correct answer is C .

8.

一条裙子的原价是 $80\$80,打 25%25\% 折扣出售。如果在打折价上再加 10%10\% 的税,那么这条裙子的总售价是

A dress originally priced at $80\$80 was put on sale at 25%25\% off. If 10%10\% tax was added to the sale price, then the total selling price of the dress was

$45\$45

$52\$52

$54\$54

$66\$66

$68\$68

知识点:百分数
难度评级:860
小提示:

25%25\% 折扣后,价格剩下原价的 75%75\%

A 25%25\% discount leaves 75%75\% of the price

大提示:

10%10\% 的税,相当于把打折价乘以 1.11.1

Adding 10%10\% tax multiplies the sale price by 1.11.1

解答:

打折后的价格是 34$80=$60\dfrac34 \cdot \$80 = \$60

税率是 10%10\%,所以对 $60\$60 征收的税是 $6\$6,总价为 $60+$6=$66\$60 + \$6 = \$66

所以正确答案是 D

The sale price is 34$80=$60.\dfrac34 \cdot \$80 = \$60.

The tax is 10%10\% of $60,\$60, which is $6,\$6, so the total is $60+$6=$66.\$60 + \$6 = \$66.

Thus, the correct answer is D .

9.

Jones 初中使用如下评分标准。Freeman 老师班上的十五个分数是:898972725454979777779292858574747575636384847878717180809090

A 9310093\text{--}100
B 859285\text{--}92
C 758475\text{--}84
D 707470\text{--}74
F 0690\text{--}69

Freeman 老师班上有百分之几的学生得了 C?

The grading scale shown is used at Jones Junior High. The fifteen scores in Mr. Freeman’s class were: 89,89, 72,72, 54,54, 97,97, 77,77, 92,92, 85,85, 74,74, 75,75, 63,63, 84,84, 78,78, 71,71, 80,80, 90.90.

A 9310093\text{--}100
B 859285\text{--}92
C 758475\text{--}84
D 707470\text{--}74
F 0690\text{--}69

In Mr. Freeman’s class, what percent of the students received a grade of C?

20%20\%

25%25\%

30%30\%

3313%33\dfrac{1}{3}\%

40%40\%

难度评级:860
小提示:

数一数有多少个分数落在 758475\text{--}84 的范围内

Count how many scores fall in the range 758475\text{--}84

大提示:

用这个人数除以总人数 1515,再化成百分数

Divide that count by the 1515 students to get the fraction, then convert to a percent

解答:

C 对应的分数范围是 75758484。符合的分数是 77777575848478788080,共有 55 名学生。

所以百分比是 515=13=3313%\dfrac{5}{15} = \dfrac13 = 33\dfrac13\%

所以正确答案是 D

A grade of C corresponds to scores from 7575 to 8484. The qualifying scores are 77,77, 75,75, 84,84, 78,78, 8080, which is 55 students.

So the percent is 515=13=3313%.\dfrac{5}{15} = \dfrac13 = 33\dfrac13\%.

Thus, the correct answer is D .

10.

在这张月历中,把某个字母盖住的日期与 CC 盖住的日期相加。如果这个和等于 AABB 盖住的日期之和,那么这个字母是

On this monthly calendar, the date behind one of the letters is added to the date behind CC. If this sum equals the sum of the dates behind AA and BB, then the letter is

PP

QQ

RR

SS

TT

知识点:日期与时间
难度评级:1090
小提示:

在月历上,向右移动一列日期增加 11,向下移动一行日期增加 77

On a calendar, moving one column right adds 11 to the date and moving one row down adds 77

大提示:

CC 盖住的日期比 AA 盖住的日期小一,所以所求日期必须比 BB 盖住的日期大一

The date behind CC is one less than the date behind AA, so the missing date must be one more than the date behind BB

解答:

向右移动一列日期增加 11,向下移动一行日期增加 77。设 CC 盖住的日期为 nn,则右边一列的 AA 盖住 n+1n+1PPCC 正下方两行,所以 P=n+14P = n+14BB 在底行且位于 PP 左边一列,所以它盖住 n+13n+13

设所求日期为 dd,则 d+n=(n+1)+(n+13)d + n = (n+1) + (n+13),所以 d=n+14d = n + 14。这个日期被 PP 盖住。

所以正确答案是 A

Moving one column right adds 11 to the date, and moving one row down adds 77. Let CC have date nn. Then AA, one column to the right, is n+1n+1. The letter PP sits two rows directly below CC, so P=n+14P = n+14, and BB, one column left of PP in the bottom row, is n+13n+13.

We need a letter whose date dd satisfies d+n=(n+1)+(n+13)d + n = (n+1) + (n+13), so d=n+14d = n + 14. That date is behind PP.

Thus, the correct answer is A .

11.

这个立方体各面上的数字是连续的整数。三对相对面上的两个数字之和都相等。这个立方体六个面上数字的总和是

The numbers on the faces of this cube are consecutive whole numbers. The sums of the two numbers on each of the three pairs of opposite faces are equal. The sum of the six numbers on this cube is

7575

7676

7878

8080

8181

难度评级:1090
小提示:

其中五个面必须是 11111212131314141515;第六个数只能是 10101616

Five of the faces must be 11,11, 12,12, 13,13, 14,14, 1515; the sixth is either 1010 or 1616

大提示:

图中标有 111114141515 的三个面在同一个顶点相遇,所以它们任意两个都不是相对面;这能排除一种可能

The three faces 11,11, 14,14, 1515 meet at one corner, so no two of them are opposite; this rules out one of the two possibilities

解答:

六个连续整数包含 111114141515,所以其中五个数是 11111212131314141515,第六个数是 10101616

如果第六个数是 1010,为了让相对面和相等,配对应为 (10,15)(10,15)(11,14)(11,14)(12,13)(12,13),这会使 11111414 相对。但图中标有 111114141515 的三个面在同一个顶点相遇,所以它们任意两个都不相对。因此第六个数是 1616,相对面可配成 (11,16)(11,16)(12,15)(12,15)(13,14)(13,14),每对和为 2727

六个面的总和是 327=813 \cdot 27 = 81

所以正确答案是 E

The six consecutive numbers include 11,11, 14,14, 1515, so five of the faces are 11,11, 12,12, 13,13, 14,14, 1515 and the sixth is 1010 or 1616.

If the sixth were 1010, equal opposite sums would force the pairs (10,15),(10,15), (11,14),(11,14), (12,13)(12,13), making 1111 and 1414 opposite. But the figure shows 11,11, 14,14, 1515 meeting at one corner, so no two of them are opposite. Hence the sixth number is 1616, with pairs (11,16),(11,16), (12,15),(12,15), (13,14)(13,14), each summing to 2727.

The total is 327=813 \cdot 27 = 81.

Thus, the correct answer is E .

12.

二十四个 44 位整数可以由数字 22445577 各使用一次组成。把它们从小到大排列,第 1717 个数是

There are twenty-four 44-digit whole numbers that use each of the four digits 2,2, 4,4, 5,5, and 77 exactly once. Listed in numerical order from smallest to largest, the number in the 1717th position in the list is

45274527

57245724

57425742

72457245

75247524

知识点:排列系统列举
难度评级:1030
小提示:

2424 个数按首位数字分成四组,每组 66

The 2424 numbers split into four blocks of 66 by their leading digit

大提示:

1166 个以 22 开头,第 771212 个以 44 开头,第 13131818 个以 55 开头;找以 55 开头的第 55

Positions 1166 start with 22, 771212 start with 44, 13131818 start with 55; find the 55th number starting with 55

解答:

每个首位数字对应 66 个四位数。全部 2424 个数中,第 1166 个以 22 开头,第 771212 个以 44 开头,第 13131818 个以 55 开头。

所以第 1717 个数是以 55 开头的第 55 个,依次为 5247524752745274542754275472547257245724。第五个是 57245724

所以正确答案是 B

Each leading digit accounts for 66 of the 2424 numbers. Positions 1166 begin with 22, positions 771212 begin with 44, and positions 13131818 begin with 55.

So the 1717th number is the 55th one beginning with 55: 5247,5247, 5274,5274, 5427,5427, 5472,5472, 57245724. The fifth is 57245724.

Thus, the correct answer is B .

13.

有人建议新的信件邮资为:第一盎司 3030 美分,每增加一盎司或不足一盎司的部分加收 2222 美分。一封重 4.54.5 盎司的信件邮资是

One proposal for new postage rates for a letter was 3030¢ for the first ounce and 2222¢ for each additional ounce (or fraction of an ounce). The postage for a letter weighing 4.54.5 ounces was

9696 美分

9696¢

$1.07\$1.07

$1.18\$1.18

$1.20\$1.20

$1.40\$1.40

知识点:速率取整函数
难度评级:930
小提示:

第一盎司花 3030 美分;剩下的 3.53.5 盎司按完整的额外盎司收费

The first ounce costs 3030¢; the remaining 3.53.5 ounces are billed as full additional ounces

大提示:

不足一盎司的部分也算作一整盎司,所以第一盎司之外的 3.53.5 盎司按 44 盎司收费

A fraction of an ounce counts as a whole additional ounce, so 3.53.5 ounces beyond the first counts as 44

解答:

第一盎司花 3030 美分。剩下的 3.53.5 盎司要按 44 个额外盎司收费,因为不足一盎司也按一整盎司算。

额外邮资是 4224 \cdot 22 美分 =88= 88 美分,总邮资是 3030 美分 +88+ 88 美分 =118= 118 美分 =$1.18= \$1.18

所以正确答案是 C

The first ounce costs 3030¢. The remaining 3.53.5 ounces are charged as 44 additional ounces, since any fraction rounds up to a full ounce.

That is 4224 \cdot 22¢ =88= 88¢, so the total is 3030¢ +88+ 88¢ =118= 118¢ =$1.18.= \$1.18.

Thus, the correct answer is C .

14.

一个袋子里只有蓝球和绿球。袋中有 66 个蓝球。如果从袋中随机取出一个球,取到蓝球的概率是 14\dfrac14,那么袋中有多少个绿球?

A bag contains only blue balls and green balls. There are 66 blue balls. If the probability of drawing a blue ball at random from this bag is 14,\dfrac14, then the number of green balls in the bag is

1212

1818

2424

3030

3636

难度评级:860
小提示:

如果取到蓝球的概率是 14\dfrac14,那么蓝球占总数的四分之一

If the probability of blue is 14,\dfrac14, then blue balls are a quarter of the total

大提示:

66 个蓝球求出球的总数,再减去蓝球数得到绿球数

Use 66 blue balls to find the total, then subtract to get the green balls

解答:

蓝球占袋中球总数的 14\dfrac14,而蓝球有 66 个,所以总数是 64=246 \cdot 4 = 24 个。

绿球数为 246=1824 - 6 = 18

所以正确答案是 B

Since blue balls make up 14\dfrac14 of the bag and there are 66 of them, the total is 64=246 \cdot 4 = 24 balls.

So the number of green balls is 246=1824 - 6 = 18.

Thus, the correct answer is B .

15.

这个图形的面积是 100 cm2100 \text{ cm}^2。它的周长是

(该图形由四个全等正方形组成。)

The area of this figure is 100 cm2.100 \text{ cm}^2. Its perimeter is

(The figure consists of four identical squares.)

20 cm20 \text{ cm}

25 cm25 \text{ cm}

30 cm30 \text{ cm}

40 cm40 \text{ cm}

50 cm50 \text{ cm}

知识点:面积周长
难度评级:930
小提示:

四个正方形中每一个的面积都是 1004=25 cm2\dfrac{100}{4} = 25 \text{ cm}^2

Each of the four squares has area 1004=25 cm2\dfrac{100}{4} = 25 \text{ cm}^2

大提示:

先求一个正方形的边长,再数外边界由多少条这样的边组成

Find the side length of one square, then count how many side lengths make up the outline

解答:

每个小正方形的面积是 1004=25 cm2\dfrac{100}{4} = 25 \text{ cm}^2,所以边长是 5 cm5 \text{ cm}

这个阶梯形的外边界由 1010 条这样的边组成,所以周长是 105=50 cm10 \cdot 5 = 50 \text{ cm}

所以正确答案是 E

Each of the four squares has area 1004=25 cm2\dfrac{100}{4} = 25 \text{ cm}^2, so each side is 5 cm.5 \text{ cm}.

The outline of this staircase shape is made up of 1010 such sides, so the perimeter is 105=50 cm.10 \cdot 5 = 50 \text{ cm}.

Thus, the correct answer is E .

16.

下列表达式的值是多少?

19901980+19701960+20+10 \begin{aligned} &1990 - 1980 + 1970 - 1960 \\ &\quad {}+ \cdots - 20 + 10 \end{aligned}

What is the value of the following expression?

19901980+19701960+20+10 \begin{aligned} &1990 - 1980 + 1970 - 1960 \\ &\quad {}+ \cdots - 20 + 10 \end{aligned}

990-990

10-10

990990

10001000

19901990

知识点:配对与分组
难度评级:1060
小提示:

把各项两两分组:(19901980),(19701960),(1990 - 1980), (1970 - 1960), \ldots

Group the terms in pairs: (19901980),(19701960),(1990 - 1980), (1970 - 1960), \ldots

大提示:

每一组都等于 1010;数一共有多少组,并记得最后还剩一个 +10+10

Each pair equals 1010; count the pairs and remember the leftover +10+10 at the end

解答:

把式子分组为 (19901980)(1990 - 1980) +(19701960)+ (1970 - 1960) ++ \cdots +(3020)+ (30 - 20) +10+ 10。每个括号里的差都是 1010

各组的第一项为 1990,1970,,301990, 1970, \ldots, 30,共 9999 项,所以共有 9999 组,贡献 990990;再加最后的 +10+10,总数为 10001000

所以正确答案是 D

Group the terms as (19901980)(1990 - 1980) +(19701960)+ (1970 - 1960) ++ \cdots +(3020)+ (30 - 20) +10.+ 10. Each parenthesized pair equals 1010.

The first elements 1990,1970,,301990, 1970, \ldots, 30 number 9999, so there are 9999 pairs, giving 990990, plus the leftover +10+10 at the end for a total of 10001000.

Thus, the correct answer is D .

17.

一条笔直的混凝土人行道宽 33 英尺,长 6060 英尺,厚 33 英寸。如果混凝土必须按整立方码订购,承包商至少需要订购多少立方码混凝土?

A straight concrete sidewalk is to be 33 feet wide, 6060 feet long, and 33 inches thick. How many cubic yards of concrete must a contractor order for the sidewalk if concrete must be ordered in a whole number of cubic yards?

22

55

1212

2020

多于 2020

more than 2020

知识点:体积单位换算
难度评级:1140
小提示:

先把 33 英寸化成英尺:3 in=14 ft3 \text{ in} = \dfrac14 \text{ ft}

First convert 33 inches to feet: 3 in=14 ft3 \text{ in} = \dfrac14 \text{ ft}

大提示:

先求立方英尺体积,再除以 2727,因为 11 立方码 =27= 27 立方英尺

Find the volume in cubic feet, then divide by 2727 since 11 cubic yard =27= 27 cubic feet

解答:

厚度 33 英寸 =14= \dfrac14 英尺,所以体积是 36014=453 \cdot 60 \cdot \dfrac14 = 45 立方英尺。

因为 11 立方码 =27= 27 立方英尺,所以体积是 4527=123\dfrac{45}{27} = 1\dfrac23 立方码。按整立方码订购时必须向上取整,需订购 22 立方码。

所以正确答案是 A

The thickness is 33 inches =14= \dfrac14 foot, so the volume is 36014=453 \cdot 60 \cdot \dfrac14 = 45 cubic feet.

Since 11 cubic yard =27= 27 cubic feet, this is 4527=123\dfrac{45}{27} = 1\dfrac23 cubic yards. Rounding up to a whole number, the contractor must order 22 cubic yards.

Thus, the correct answer is A .

18.

一个长方体的每个顶点都被一刀切掉,切面穿过该顶点相邻的三条棱,在八个顶点各切去一个小三角形部分。新立体有多少条棱?

Every corner of a rectangular prism is cut off by a straight slice through the three edges meeting at that corner, removing a small triangular piece at each of the eight corners. How many edges does the new figure have?

2424

3030

3636

4242

4848

知识点:多面体
难度评级:1180
小提示:

原来的长方体有 1212 条棱,而且这些棱不会完全消失

The original rectangular prism has 1212 edges, and none of them disappear

大提示:

每切掉一个顶点都会产生一个新的三角形面,增加 33 条新棱

Each corner cut creates a new triangular face, adding 33 new edges

解答:

长方体原来有 1212 条棱。切掉顶点只会把这些棱截短,不会把它们完全去掉。

共有 88 个顶点,每个顶点切口会产生一个小三角形面,带来 33 条新棱。所以新增 83=248 \cdot 3 = 24 条棱,总数是 12+24=3612 + 24 = 36

所以正确答案是 C

A rectangular prism starts with 1212 edges, and cutting corners only shortens them without removing any.

Each of the 88 corner cuts creates a small triangular face with 33 new edges, adding 83=248 \cdot 3 = 24 edges. The total is 12+24=3612 + 24 = 36.

Thus, the correct answer is C .

19.

一排有 120120 个座位。至少要占用多少个座位,才能保证下一个入座的人必须坐在某个人旁边?

There are 120120 seats in a row. What is the fewest number of seats that must be occupied so the next person to be seated must sit next to someone?

3030

4040

4141

6060

119119

难度评级:1090
小提示:

要迫使下一个人坐在别人旁边,就不能有一个空座位的相邻座位也都为空

To force the next person to sit adjacent to someone, no empty seat may have both neighbors empty

大提示:

让已坐座位之间尽量隔开:每三个座位中坐一个人

Seat people so there is exactly one empty seat between occupied ones: occupy every third seat

解答:

要迫使下一个人坐在别人旁边,每个空座位都必须与至少一个已坐座位相邻。每个已坐座位最多覆盖它自己及左右两个相邻座位,所以至少要坐满 1203=40\frac{120}{3} = 40 个座位。

这个下界可以达到:重复采用“空、已坐、空”的排列,每三个座位只坐中间一个。这样恰好有 4040 个已坐座位。

所以正确答案是 B

To force the next person next to someone, every empty seat must be adjacent to an occupied one. Each occupied seat can account for at most itself and its two neighboring seats, so at least 1203=40\frac{120}{3} = 40 seats must be occupied.

This bound is attainable: use a repeating pattern of empty-occupied-empty, filling the middle seat of every group of three. This uses exactly 4040 occupied seats.

Thus, the correct answer is B .

20.

1,0001{,}000 个家庭的年收入从 $8200\$8200$98,000\$98{,}000 不等。由于错误,最高收入在电脑中被输入为 $980,000\$980{,}000。错误数据的平均数与实际数据的平均数相差多少?

The annual incomes of 1,0001{,}000 families range from $8200\$8200 to $98,000.\$98{,}000. In error, the largest income was entered on the computer as $980,000.\$980{,}000. The difference between the mean of the incorrect data and the mean of the actual data is

$882\$882

$980\$980

$1078\$1078

$482,000\$482{,}000

$882,000\$882{,}000

知识点:平均数
难度评级:1060
小提示:

只有一个数据变了,所以只有总和改变;数据个数仍是 10001000

Only one value changed, so only the total sum changes; the count stays at 10001000

大提示:

先求这个错误输入让总和多了多少,再除以 10001000

Find how much the one wrong entry inflated the total, then divide that by 10001000

解答:

只有一个数据被改错。错误总和比实际总和多 $980,000$98,000=$882,000\$980{,}000 - \$98{,}000 = \$882{,}000

这多出的金额分摊到 10001000 个家庭上,平均数相差 $882,0001000=$882\dfrac{\$882{,}000}{1000} = \$882

所以正确答案是 A

Only one entry changed. The incorrect total exceeds the actual total by $980,000$98,000=$882,000.\$980{,}000 - \$98{,}000 = \$882{,}000.

Since this extra amount is spread over 10001000 families, the means differ by $882,0001000=$882.\dfrac{\$882{,}000}{1000} = \$882.

Thus, the correct answer is A .

21.

一个含 88 个数的数列以前两个给定的数开始。之后每一个新数都是前两个数的乘积。如果最后三个数是 1616646410241024,求第一个数。

?,x,x,x,x,16,64,1024?, \underline{\phantom{x}}, \underline{\phantom{x}}, \underline{\phantom{x}}, \underline{\phantom{x}}, 16, 64, 1024

A list of 88 numbers is formed by beginning with two given numbers. Each new number in the list is the product of the two previous numbers. Find the first number if the last three are 16,16, 64,64, 10241024:

?,x,x,x,x,16,64,1024?, \underline{\phantom{x}}, \underline{\phantom{x}}, \underline{\phantom{x}}, \underline{\phantom{x}}, 16, 64, 1024

164\dfrac{1}{64}

14\dfrac{1}{4}

11

22

44

知识点:递推逆推法
难度评级:1200
小提示:

如果某一项是前两项的乘积,那么用这一项除以前一项,就能得到前前一项

If a term is the product of the two before it, then dividing a term by the one just before it recovers the term two positions back

大提示:

从末尾往前倒推,每次用除法填出更早的一项

Work backwards from the end, filling one earlier term at a time by dividing

解答:

因为每一项都是前两项的乘积,所以用某一项除以紧前一项,可以得到它前面第二项。从最后三个数 1616646410241024 倒推:

64÷16=4,16÷4=4,4÷4=1,4÷1=4,1÷4=14 \begin{gathered} 64 \div 16 = 4, \quad 16 \div 4 = 4, \\ 4 \div 4 = 1, \quad 4 \div 1 = 4, \\ 1 \div 4 = \dfrac14 \end{gathered}\text{。}

因此完整数列为 14\dfrac14441144441616646410241024,第一个数是 14\dfrac14

所以正确答案是 B

Since each term is the product of the two before it, dividing any term by the term just before it recovers the term two positions earlier. Working backwards from the last three terms 16,16, 64,64, 10241024:

64÷16=4,16÷4=4,4÷4=1,4÷1=4,1÷4=14. \begin{gathered} 64 \div 16 = 4, \quad 16 \div 4 = 4, \\ 4 \div 4 = 1, \quad 4 \div 1 = 4, \\ 1 \div 4 = \dfrac14. \end{gathered}

These fill in the earlier terms, giving the full list 14,\dfrac14, 4,4, 1,1, 4,4, 4,4, 16,16, 64,64, 10241024. The first number is 14\dfrac14.

Thus, the correct answer is B .

22.

几名学生围坐在一张大圆桌旁。他们传递一个装有 100100 颗糖的袋子。每个人拿到袋子后取一颗糖,然后把袋子传给下一个人。如果 Chris 拿了第一颗和最后一颗糖,那么桌旁学生人数可能是

Several students are seated at a large circular table. They pass around a bag containing 100100 pieces of candy. Each person receives the bag, takes one piece of candy, and then passes the bag to the next person. If Chris takes the first and the last piece of candy, then the number of students at the table could be

1010

1111

1919

2020

2525

知识点:整除性因数
难度评级:1140
小提示:

Chris 拿了第 11 颗和第 100100 颗,所以在 Chris 第一次拿糖后,剩下的 9999 次传递取糖必须刚好回到 Chris

Chris takes piece 11 and piece 100100, so after Chris’s first piece, the remaining 9999 pieces bring the bag exactly back to Chris

大提示:

学生人数必须整除 9999

The number of students must divide 9999 evenly

解答:

Chris 拿第一颗糖,然后袋子一圈圈传递,直到 Chris 拿到最后一颗,也就是第 100100 颗。第一次和最后一次之间相隔 9999 次取糖。

因此 Chris 第一次之后的取糖过程必须正好经过若干整圈后回到 Chris。这说明学生人数必须整除 9999;选项中只有 1111 能整除 9999

所以正确答案是 B

Chris takes the first piece, and then the bag goes around until Chris takes the last (100100th) piece. So the 9999 pieces after Chris’s first must be exactly a whole number of trips around the table back to Chris.

This means the number of students divides 9999. Among the choices, only 1111 divides 9999.

Thus, the correct answer is B .

23.

图中表示一架实验飞机在一次飞行中,已飞行距离(英里)与经过时间(小时)的关系。在哪一个小时内,这架飞机的平均速度最大?

The graph relates the distance traveled (in miles) to the time elapsed (in hours) on a trip taken by an experimental airplane. During which hour was the average speed of this airplane the largest?

第一个小时 (0-1)(0\text{-}1)

first (0-1)(0\text{-}1)

第二个小时 (1-2)(1\text{-}2)

second (1-2)(1\text{-}2)

第三个小时 (2-3)(2\text{-}3)

third (2-3)(2\text{-}3)

第九个小时 (8-9)(8\text{-}9)

ninth (8-9)(8\text{-}9)

最后一个小时 (11-12)(11\text{-}12)

last (11-12)(11\text{-}12)

难度评级:980
小提示:

某一小时内的平均速度等于这一小时内飞过的距离,也就是曲线在这一小时内上升的高度

The average speed during an hour equals the distance covered in that hour, which is how far the curve climbs from the start of the hour to its end

大提示:

找图中哪一个一小时区间上升最陡

Find the one-hour interval over which the graph rises the most steeply

解答:

任意一个小时内的平均速度等于这一个小时内飞行的距离,也就是图上对应一小时区间的竖直上升量。因此最大平均速度出现在曲线最陡的一小时。

t=1t=1t=2t=2,曲线从约 500500 英里升到约 10001000 英里,上升约 500500 英里,平均速度约 500500 英里每小时。其他小时的上升量都小于约 350350 英里。所以最大平均速度出现在第二个小时。

正确答案是 B

The average speed during any single hour equals the distance the airplane covers in that hour, which on the graph is the vertical rise of the curve over that one-hour interval. So the largest average speed happens during the hour where the curve is steepest.

From t=1t=1 to t=2t=2 the curve climbs from about 500500 miles to about 10001000 miles, a rise of roughly 500500 miles, giving an average speed near 500500 mph. During every other hour the curve rises by less than 350350 miles, so those average speeds are all smaller. The steepest climb, and hence the largest average speed, is during the second hour.

Thus, the correct answer is B .

24.

三个三角形和一个菱形与九个圆点平衡。另外,一个三角形与一个菱形和一个圆点平衡。两个菱形需要多少个圆点来平衡?

Three triangles and a diamond balance nine dots. Also, one triangle balances a diamond and a dot. How many dots will balance two diamonds?

11

22

33

44

55

知识点:方程组换元法
难度评级:1120
小提示:

设一个三角形重 tt,一个菱形重 dd,一个圆点重 11,把两个平衡条件写成方程

Let a triangle weigh tt, a diamond dd, and a dot 11; write the two balance conditions as equations

大提示:

t=d+1t = d + 13t+d=93t + d = 9 代入求出 dd,再把它加倍

From t=d+1t = d + 1 and 3t+d=93t + d = 9, substitute to solve for dd, then double it

解答:

设三角形、菱形和圆点的重量分别为 ttdd11。题意给出 3t+d=93t + d = 9t=d+1t = d + 1

代入得 3(d+1)+d=93(d+1) + d = 9,所以 4d+3=94d + 3 = 9d=32d = \dfrac32。两个菱形重 2d=32d = 3 个圆点。

所以正确答案是 C

Let a triangle, diamond, and dot weigh tt, dd, and 11. The conditions give 3t+d=93t + d = 9 and t=d+1t = d + 1.

Substituting, 3(d+1)+d=93(d+1) + d = 9, so 4d+3=94d + 3 = 9 and d=32d = \dfrac32. Then two diamonds weigh 2d=32d = 3 dots.

Thus, the correct answer is C .

25.

在一个 3×33 \times 3 方格中,恰好给九个单位正方形中的两个涂色,可以形成多少种不同图案?通过翻转或旋转可以重合的图案不算不同。

How many different patterns can be made by shading exactly two of the nine unit squares in a 3×33 \times 3 grid? Patterns that can be matched by flips and/or turns are not considered different.

33

66

88

1212

1818

难度评级:1470
小提示:

九个小方格可分成三类:44 个角格、44 个边中格和 11 个中心格;用两格的类型和距离描述图案

The nine squares come in three types: 44 corners, 44 edge-middles, and 11 center; describe each pattern by which types its two shaded squares use and how far apart they are

大提示:

按是否有角格被涂色分类,注意翻转和旋转会把许多位置视为同一种图案

Split into cases by whether a corner is shaded, being careful that flips and turns merge many placements into one pattern

解答:

先分类含有角格的图案:两个相邻角格、两个对角角格、角格与中心格、角格与相邻边中格、角格与较远边中格,共 55 种。

不含角格的图案有:两个相邻边中格、两个相对边中格、一个边中格与中心格,共 33 种。

总共有 5+3=85 + 3 = 8 种不同图案。

所以正确答案是 C

Classify the two shaded squares up to rotations and reflections. Patterns that include a corner: two adjacent corners (same edge), two diagonally opposite corners, corner with the center, corner with an adjacent edge-middle, and corner with a far edge-middle. That is 55 patterns.

Patterns with no corner: two adjacent edge-middles, two opposite edge-middles, and an edge-middle with the center. That is 33 more.

In total there are 5+3=85 + 3 = 8 distinct patterns.

Thus, the correct answer is C .