1996 AMC 12 详解

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

1.

下面的加法算式不正确。要使算式正确,可以改动的最大数字是什么?641852+9732456 \begin{array}{r} 641\\ 852\\ {}+973\\ \hline 2456 \end{array}

The addition below is incorrect. What is the largest digit that can be changed to make the addition correct? 641852+9732456 \begin{array}{r} 641\\ 852\\ {}+973\\ \hline 2456 \end{array}

44

55

66

77

88

知识点:addition位值
难度评级:800
小提示:

把图中写出的和与三个加数的实际总和进行比较

Compare the displayed sum with the actual sum of the three addends

大提示:

要改正确,必须使某一数位上的总和减少一个单位

The correction must lower the total by one unit in a particular place

解答:

三个加数之和为 641+852+973=2466641+852+973=2466,比正确结果大 1010。把十位数字 77(在 973973 中)改为 66,总和就减少 1010,变成 24562456。题中没有更大的数字能通过改动达到这个效果,所以正确答案是 D

The three addends total 641+852+973=2466,641+852+973=2466, which is 1010 too large. Changing the tens digit 77 in 973973 to 66 lowers the sum by 1010 and gives 2456.2456. No larger listed digit can make that change, so the correct answer is D.

2.

沃尔特每天做家务可得 $3\$3,如果做得特别好则可得 $5\$5。他连续 1010 天每天都做家务,共收到 $36\$36。沃尔特有多少天把家务做得特别好?

Each day Walter gets $3\$3 for doing his chores or $5\$5 for doing them exceptionally well. After 1010 days of doing his chores daily, Walter has received a total of $36.\$36. On how many days did Walter do them exceptionally well?

33

44

55

66

77

难度评级:800
小提示:

先计算十天全部按普通标准计酬时沃尔特能得到的钱数

Begin with the amount Walter would earn at the ordinary rate on all ten days

大提示:

每个表现特别好的日子都会在这个基准上增加相同的钱数

Each exceptionally good day adds the same amount to that baseline

解答:

十个普通日子会得到 103=3010\cdot3=30 美元。每个表现特别好的日子会多得 53=25-3=2 美元,而实际总额多出 66 美元。因此共有 62=3\frac{6}{2}=3 个表现特别好的日子,所以正确答案是 A

Ten ordinary days would pay 103=3010\cdot3=30 dollars. Each exceptional day adds 53=25-3=2 dollars, and the actual total is 66 dollars higher. Thus there were 62=3\frac{6}{2}=3 exceptional days, so the correct answer is A.

3.

(3!)!3!=\displaystyle\frac{(3!)!}{3!}=

11

22

66

4040

120120

难度评级:920
小提示:

先计算内层阶乘,再计算外层阶乘

Evaluate the inner factorial before the outer factorial

大提示:

把分母与分子乘积中的因子约去

Cancel the denominator from the product in the numerator

解答:

因为 3!=63!=6,原式为 6!6=5!=120\frac{6!}{6}=5!=120。因此正确答案是 E

Since 3!=6,3!=6, the expression is 6!6=5!=120.\frac{6!}{6}=5!=120. Thus the correct answer is E.

4.

一个由九个整数组成的数列中,有六个数是 778833559955。这九个数的中位数可能达到的最大值是

Six numbers from a list of nine integers are 7,7, 8,8, 3,3, 5,5, 9,9, and 5.5. The largest possible value of the median of all nine numbers in this list is

55

66

77

88

99

难度评级:1020
小提示:

将九个数排序后,中位数是第五个数

The median is the fifth number after all nine are sorted

大提示:

要使中位数最大,可以把三个未给出的数都取到足够大

To maximize the median, take each of the three unspecified numbers as large as needed

解答:

六个已知数按顺序排列为 3,5,5,7,8,93,5,5,7,8,9。即使三个未给出的整数都大于 99,完整数列中的第五个数仍为 88。这个值可以达到,所以正确答案是 D

The six specified values in order are 3,5,5,7,8,9.3,5,5,7,8,9. Even if all three unspecified integers exceed 9,9, the fifth entry of the full sorted list is 8.8. This is attainable, so the correct answer is D.

5.

已知 0<a<b<c<d0\lt a\lt b\lt c\lt d,下列哪一个最大?

Given that 0<a<b<c<d,0\lt a\lt b\lt c\lt d, which of the following is the largest?

a+bc+d\frac{a+b}{c+d}

a+db+c\frac{a+d}{b+c}

b+ca+d\frac{b+c}{a+d}

b+da+c\frac{b+d}{a+c}

c+da+b\frac{c+d}{a+b}

难度评级:1200
小提示:

正分数的分子增大或分母减小时,分数值会增大

A positive fraction grows when its numerator increases or its denominator decreases

大提示:

分别把每个分子与 c+dc+d 比较,把每个分母与 a+ba+b 比较

Compare every numerator and denominator with c+dc+d and a+ba+b, respectively

解答:

所列分子中,c+dc+d 最大;所列分母中,a+ba+b 最小。因此 c+da+b\frac{c+d}{a+b} 大于其余每个正分数,所以正确答案是 E

Among the displayed numerators, c+dc+d is largest; among the denominators, a+ba+b is smallest. Therefore c+da+b\frac{c+d}{a+b} exceeds every other positive fraction listed, so the correct answer is E.

6.

f(x)=xx+1(x+2)x+3f(x)=x^{x+1}(x+2)^{x+3},则 f(0)+f(1)+f(2)+f(3)= \begin{gathered} f(0)+f(-1)\\ {}+f(-2)+f(-3)= \end{gathered}

If f(x)=xx+1(x+2)x+3,f(x)=x^{x+1}(x+2)^{x+3}, then f(0)+f(1)+f(2)+f(3)= \begin{gathered} f(0)+f(-1)\\ {}+f(-2)+f(-3)= \end{gathered}

89-\frac89

00

89\frac89

11

109\frac{10}9

难度评级:1360
小提示:

分别计算四个函数值,并特别留意零次幂

Evaluate the four function values separately, paying attention to zero exponents

大提示:

在遇到任何有问题的幂之前,x=0x=0x=2x=-2 对应的两项就已经为零

The terms at x=0x=0 and x=2x=-2 vanish before any problematic power is needed

解答:

直接代入得 f(0)=0,f(1)=1,f(2)=0,f(3)=19 \begin{aligned} f(0)&=0,\\ f(-1)&=1,\\ f(-2)&=0,\\ f(-3)&=\frac19 \end{aligned}\text{。}它们的和是 109\frac{10}{9},所以正确答案是 E

Direct substitution gives f(0)=0,f(1)=1,f(2)=0,f(3)=19. \begin{aligned} f(0)&=0,\\ f(-1)&=1,\\ f(-2)&=0,\\ f(-3)&=\frac19. \end{aligned} Their sum is 109,\frac{10}{9}, so the correct answer is E.

7.

一位父亲在双胞胎生日当天,带着他们和一个更小的孩子外出用餐。餐厅向父亲收取 $4.95\$4.95,每个孩子则按年龄每岁收取 $0.45\$0.45,这里的年龄是指最近一次生日时的年龄。若账单为 $9.45\$9.45,下列哪一个可能是最小孩子的年龄?

A father takes his twins and a younger child out to dinner on the twins’ birthday. The restaurant charges $4.95\$4.95 for the father and $0.45\$0.45 for each year of a child’s age, where age is defined as the age at the most recent birthday. If the bill is $9.45,\$9.45, which of the following could be the age of the youngest child?

11

22

33

44

55

难度评级:1100
小提示:

从账单中减去父亲的费用,再除以每岁的价格

Subtract the father’s charge and divide the remainder by the price per year

大提示:

若双胞胎都是 tt 岁,较小的孩子是 yy 岁,则同时使用 2t+y=102t+y=10y<ty\lt t

If the twins are tt years old and the younger child is yy, impose both 2t+y=102t+y=10 and y<ty\lt t

解答:

孩子们的费用为 9.454.95=4.509.45-4.95=4.50 美元,所以他们的年龄总和为 4.500.45=10\frac{4.50}{0.45}=10。若每个双胞胎都是 tt 岁,较小的孩子是 yy 岁,则 2t+y=102t+y=10,且 y<ty\lt t。在各选项中,y=2y=2 给出 t=4t=4,符合要求。因此正确答案是 B

The children account for 9.454.95=4.509.45-4.95=4.50 dollars, so their ages total 4.500.45=10.\frac{4.50}{0.45}=10. If each twin is tt and the younger child is y,y, then 2t+y=102t+y=10 with y<t.y\lt t. Of the choices, y=2y=2 gives t=4,t=4, which works. Thus the correct answer is B.

8.

3=k2r3=k\cdot2^r15=k4r15=k\cdot4^r,则 r=r=

If 3=k2r3=k\cdot2^r and 15=k4r,15=k\cdot4^r, then r=r=

log25-\log_2 5

log52\log_5 2

log105\log_{10}5

log25\log_2 5

52\frac52

难度评级:1280
小提示:

用第二个方程除以第一个方程,消去 kk

Divide the second equation by the first to eliminate kk

大提示:

4r2r\frac{4^r}{2^r} 改写成以 22 为底的一个幂

Rewrite 4r2r\frac{4^r}{2^r} as a single power of 22

解答:

两个方程相除得 5=(42)r=2r5=(\frac{4}{2})^r=2^r。因此 r=log25r=\log_2 5,所以正确答案是 D

Dividing the equations gives 5=(42)r=2r.5=(\frac{4}{2})^r=2^r. Hence r=log25,r=\log_2 5, so the correct answer is D.

9.

三角形 PABPAB 与正方形 ABCDABCD 位于互相垂直的两个平面内。已知 PA=3PA=3PB=4PB=4AB=5AB=5,求 PDPD

Triangle PABPAB and square ABCDABCD are in perpendicular planes. Given that PA=3,PA=3, PB=4,PB=4, and AB=5,AB=5, what is PD?PD?

55

34\sqrt{34}

41\sqrt{41}

2132\sqrt{13}

88

难度评级:1570
小提示:

先在 33-44-55 三角形 PABPAB 中确定直角

First identify the right angle in the 33-44-55 triangle PABPAB

大提示:

一个平面内垂直于两平面交线的直线,也垂直于另一个平面

A line in one plane perpendicular to the planes’ intersection is perpendicular to the other plane

解答:

因为 PA2+PB2PA^2+PB^2 =32+42=52=AB2=3^2+4^2=5^2=AB^2,所以三角形 PABPABPP 处为直角。在正方形 ABCDABCD 中,AD=5AD=5,且 ADABAD\perp AB。由于两个平面沿 ABAB 互相垂直,ADAD 垂直于 PABPAB 所在平面,因而也垂直于 APAP。所以 PD2=PA2+AD2PD^2=PA^2+AD^2 =32+52=34=3^2+5^2=34。正确答案是 B

Since PA2+PB2PA^2+PB^2 =32+42=52=AB2,=3^2+4^2=5^2=AB^2, triangle PABPAB is right at P.P. In square ABCD,ABCD, AD=5AD=5 and ADAB.AD\perp AB. Because the two planes are perpendicular along AB,AB, ADAD is perpendicular to the plane of PAB,PAB, and hence to AP.AP. Thus PD2=PA2+AD2PD^2=PA^2+AD^2 =32+52=34.=3^2+5^2=34. The correct answer is B.

10.

一个给定立方体的顶点之间一共可以确定多少条线段?

How many line segments have both their endpoints located at the vertices of a given cube?

1212

1515

2424

2828

5656

难度评级:920
小提示:

任取两个不同的立方体顶点就能确定一条线段

A segment is determined by choosing two distinct cube vertices

大提示:

计算立方体八个顶点的无序点对数

Count unordered pairs among the cube’s eight vertices

解答:

立方体的 88 个顶点中,每个无序点对都确定一条线段,其中包括棱和对角线。共有 (82)=28\binom82=28 条,所以正确答案是 D

Every unordered pair of the cube’s 88 vertices determines one segment, including edges and diagonals. There are (82)=28,\binom82=28, so the correct answer is D.

11.

给定一个半径为 22 的圆,有许多长度为 22 的线段在各自中点处与圆相切。求所有这些线段组成区域的面积。

Given a circle of radius 2,2, there are many line segments of length 22 that are tangent to the circle at their midpoints. Find the area of the region consisting of all such line segments.

π4\frac{\pi}{4}

4π4-\pi

π2\frac{\pi}{2}

π\pi

2π2\pi

难度评级:1630
小提示:

每条切线段从中点向两个方向各延伸一个单位

Each tangent segment extends one unit in each direction from its midpoint

大提示:

从圆心作直角三角形,求出扫过区域的内、外半径

Use a right triangle from the circle’s center to locate the inner and outer radii of the swept region

解答:

每条线段的中心是距圆心 22 个单位的切点,并沿切线向两个方向各延伸 11 个单位。当切点绕圆转动时,这些线段填满一个内半径为 22、外半径为 22+12=5\sqrt{2^2+1^2}=\sqrt5 的圆环。其面积为 π(54)=π\pi(5-4)=\pi,所以正确答案是 D

Each segment is centered at a tangency point 22 units from the circle’s center and extends 11 unit along the tangent in both directions. As the tangency point rotates, the segments fill the annulus with inner radius 22 and outer radius 22+12=5.\sqrt{2^2+1^2}=\sqrt5. Its area is π(54)=π,\pi(5-4)=\pi, so the correct answer is D.

12.

从整数到整数的函数 ff 定义如下:f(n)={n+3若 n 为奇数,n2若 n 为偶数 f(n)= \begin{cases} n+3 & \text{若 \(n\) 为奇数},\\ \frac{n}{2} & \text{若 \(n\) 为偶数} \end{cases}\text{。}假设 kk 是奇数,且 f(f(f(k)))=27f(f(f(k)))=27kk 的各位数字之和是多少?

A function ff from the integers to the integers is defined as follows: f(n)={n+3if n is odd,n2if n is even. f(n)= \begin{cases} n+3 & \text{if \(n\) is odd},\\ \frac{n}{2} & \text{if \(n\) is even}. \end{cases} Suppose kk is odd and f(f(f(k)))=27.f(f(f(k)))=27. What is the sum of the digits of k?k?

33

66

99

1212

1515

难度评级:1570
小提示:

因为 kk 是奇数,第一次迭代得到 k+3k+3,它是偶数

Because kk is odd, the first iterate is k+3k+3, which is even

大提示:

2727 开始反向推算,并检查每个逆向分支所要求的奇偶性

Work backward from 2727, checking the parity required by each inverse branch

解答:

因为 kk 是奇数,所以 f(k)=k+3f(k)=k+3 是偶数,于是 f(f(k))=k+32f(f(k))=\frac{k+3}{2}。若这个值是奇数,加上 33 不可能得到 2727,因为这会要求该值为 2424。因此它是偶数,除以二后得到 2727,所以 k+32=54\frac{k+3}{2}=54。由此 k=105k=105,其各位数字之和为 66。正确答案是 B

Since kk is odd, f(k)=k+3f(k)=k+3 is even, so f(f(k))=k+32.f(f(k))=\frac{k+3}{2}. If this value were odd, adding 33 could not produce 2727 because that would require the value 24.24. Therefore it is even and is halved to 27,27, so k+32=54.\frac{k+3}{2}=54. Hence k=105,k=105, whose digits sum to 6.6. The correct answer is B.

13.

桑妮以恒定速度跑步,月光的速度是她的 mm 倍,其中 mm 大于 11。如果月光让桑妮先跑 hh 米,那么月光必须跑多少米才能追上桑妮?

Sunny runs at a steady rate, and Moonbeam runs mm times as fast, where mm is a number greater than 1.1. If Moonbeam gives Sunny a head start of hh meters, how many meters must Moonbeam run to overtake Sunny?

hmhm

hh+m\frac{h}{h+m}

hm1\frac{h}{m-1}

hmm1\frac{hm}{m-1}

h+mm1\frac{h+m}{m-1}

难度评级:1200
小提示:

设桑妮的速度为 vv 并令月光的速度为 mvmv

Let Sunny’s speed be vv and Moonbeam’s speed be mvmv

大提示:

若月光跑了 xx 米,用 xx 表示同一段时间内桑妮跑过的距离

If Moonbeam runs xx meters, express Sunny’s distance during the same time in terms of xx

解答:

假设月光跑了 xx 米。经过的时间为 xmv\frac{x}{mv},所以从月光出发起,桑妮又跑了 vxmv=xm\frac{v\cdot x}{mv}=\frac{x}{m} 米。追上时,x=h+xmx=h+\frac{x}{m}。解得 x=hmm1x=\frac{hm}{m-1},所以正确答案是 D

Suppose Moonbeam runs xx meters. The elapsed time is xmv,\frac{x}{mv}, so Sunny runs vxmv=xm\frac{v\cdot x}{mv}=\frac{x}{m} meters after the start. At the catch, x=h+xm.x=h+\frac{x}{m}. Solving gives x=hmm1,x=\frac{hm}{m-1}, so the correct answer is D.

14.

E(n)E(n) 表示 nn 的偶数数字之和。例如,E(5681)=6+8=14E(5681)=6+8=14。求 E(1)+E(2)+E(3)++E(100) \begin{gathered} E(1)+E(2)+E(3)+\cdots\\ {}+E(100) \end{gathered}\text{。}

Let E(n)E(n) denote the sum of the even digits of n.n. For example, E(5681)=6+8=14.E(5681)=6+8=14. Find E(1)+E(2)+E(3)++E(100). \begin{gathered} E(1)+E(2)+E(3)+\cdots\\ {}+E(100). \end{gathered}

200200

360360

400400

900900

22502250

难度评级:1360
小提示:

在数字前补零,并考虑从 00009999 的所有整数

Include leading zeros and consider the integers from 0000 through 9999

大提示:

在每一个数位上,每个数字出现的次数都相同

In each digit position, every digit occurs equally often

解答:

00009999,每个数字在两个数位上都各出现 1010 次。正偶数数字的和为 2+4+6+8=202+4+6+8=20,所以总贡献为 21020=4002\cdot10\cdot20=400。数 100100 不贡献任何正偶数数字,所以正确答案是 C

From 0000 through 99,99, each digit occurs 1010 times in each of the two positions. The positive even digits sum to 2+4+6+8=20,2+4+6+8=20, so the total contribution is 21020=400.2\cdot10\cdot20=400. The number 100100 contributes no even positive digit, so the correct answer is C.

15.

把一个长方形的一对对边各分成 nn 条全等线段,并把其中一条线段的两个端点与长方形中心相连,形成三角形 AA。再把另一对边各分成 mm 条全等线段,并把其中一条线段的两个端点与中心相连,形成三角形 BB。(图中所示为 n=5n=5m=7m=7 的情形。)三角形 AA 的面积与三角形 BB 的面积之比是多少?

Two opposite sides of a rectangle are each divided into nn congruent segments, and the endpoints of one segment are joined to the center to form triangle A.A. The other sides are each divided into mm congruent segments, and the endpoints of one of these segments are joined to the center to form triangle B.B. [See figure for n=5,n=5, m=7.m=7.] What is the ratio of the area of triangle AA to the area of triangle B?B?

11

mn\frac mn

nm\frac nm

2mn\frac{2m}{n}

2nm\frac{2n}{m}

难度评级:1330
小提示:

设长方形的两条边长分别为 wwhh

Write the rectangle’s side lengths as ww and hh

大提示:

每个三角形的底是一条分割后的小线段,高是另一边边长的一半

Each triangle has a base that is one divided segment and an altitude equal to half the opposite side length

解答:

三角形 AA 的底为 wn\frac{w}{n},高为 h2\frac{h}{2},所以面积为 wh4n\frac{wh}{4n}。三角形 BB 的底为 hm\frac{h}{m},高为 w2\frac{w}{2},所以面积为 wh4m\frac{wh}{4m}。二者之比为 mn\frac{m}{n},正确答案是 B

Triangle AA has base wn\frac{w}{n} and altitude h2,\frac{h}{2}, so its area is wh4n.\frac{wh}{4n}. Triangle BB has base hm\frac{h}{m} and altitude w2,\frac{w}{2}, so its area is wh4m.\frac{wh}{4m}. Their ratio is mn,\frac{m}{n}, and the correct answer is B.

16.

将一枚公平的标准六面骰子掷三次。已知前两次点数之和等于第三次点数,求至少有一次掷出 22 的概率。

A fair standard six-sided dice is tossed three times. Given that the sum of the first two tosses equals the third, what is the probability that at least one 22 is tossed?

16\frac16

91216\frac{91}{216}

12\frac12

815\frac8{15}

712\frac7{12}

难度评级:1730
小提示:

在给定条件下,计算前两次点数之和不超过 66 的有序数对数量

Under the stated condition, count ordered pairs for the first two tosses whose sum is at most 66

大提示:

计算有利结果时,把第三次掷出 22 的情形与前两次中至少一次掷出 22 的情形分开

For the favorable count, separate a third-toss 22 from pairs having a 22 among the first two tosses

解答:

当第三次点数依次为 2,3,4,5,62,3,4,5,6 时,前两次点数的有序数对数量依次为 1,2,3,4,51,2,3,4,5,所以共有 1515 个等可能的条件结果。第三次掷出 22 对应 (1,1,2)(1,1,2)。第一次掷出 2244 个结果,第二次掷出 22 也有 44 个结果,而 (2,2,4)(2,2,4) 被重复计算。因此有利结果共有 1+4+41=81+4+4-1=8 个,正确答案是 D

For third tosses 2,3,4,5,6,2,3,4,5,6, the numbers of ordered first-two-toss pairs are 1,2,3,4,5,1,2,3,4,5, for 1515 equally likely conditional outcomes. A third toss of 22 contributes (1,1,2).(1,1,2). A 22 in the first position gives 44 outcomes and a 22 in the second gives 4,4, with (2,2,4)(2,2,4) counted twice. Thus there are 1+4+41=81+4+4-1=8 favorable outcomes, and the correct answer is D.

17.

在长方形 ABCDABCD 中,角 CCCF\overline{CF}CE\overline{CE} 三等分,其中 EEAB\overline{AB} 上,FFAD\overline{AD} 上,BE=6BE=6,且 AF=2AF=2。下列哪一个数最接近长方形 ABCDABCD 的面积?

In rectangle ABCD,ABCD, angle CC is trisected by CF\overline{CF} and CE,\overline{CE}, where EE is on AB,\overline{AB}, FF is on AD,\overline{AD}, BE=6,BE=6, and AF=2.AF=2. Which of the following is closest to the area of the rectangle ABCD?ABCD?

110110

120120

130130

140140

150150

难度评级:1830
小提示:

CC 处的三个角各为 3030^\circ

Each of the three angles at CC is 3030^\circ

大提示:

利用与边 CBCBCDCD 相邻的两个直角三角形,求出长方形的高和宽

Use the two right triangles adjacent to sides CBCB and CDCD to determine the rectangle’s height and width

解答:

设长方形的宽为 ww,高为 hh。在直角三角形 CBECBE 中,tan30=BECB=6h\tan30^\circ=\frac{BE}{CB}=\frac{6}{h},所以 h=63h=6\sqrt3。在由 C,F,DC,F,D 构成的三角形中,水平距离为 ww,竖直下降距离为 h2h-2,所以 tan60=wh2\tan60^\circ=\frac{w}{h-2}。因此 w=3(632)=1823 w=\sqrt3(6\sqrt3-2)=18-2\sqrt3\text{。}面积为 63(1823)6\sqrt3(18-2\sqrt3) =108336151.1=108\sqrt3-36\approx151.1,最接近 150150。所以正确答案是 E

Let the rectangle have width ww and height h.h. In right triangle CBE,CBE, tan30=BECB=6h,\tan30^\circ=\frac{BE}{CB}=\frac{6}{h}, so h=63.h=6\sqrt3. In the triangle using C,F,D,C,F,D, the horizontal run is ww and the vertical drop is h2,h-2, so tan60=wh2.\tan60^\circ=\frac{w}{h-2}. Hence w=3(632)=1823. w=\sqrt3(6\sqrt3-2)=18-2\sqrt3. The area is 63(1823)6\sqrt3(18-2\sqrt3) =108336151.1,=108\sqrt3-36\approx151.1, closest to 150.150. Thus the correct answer is E.

18.

一个半径为 22 的圆,圆心为 (2,0)(2,0)。另一个半径为 11 的圆,圆心为 (5,0)(5,0)。一条直线在第一象限内的两点分别与这两个圆相切。下列哪一个数最接近该直线的 yy 轴截距?

A circle of radius 22 has center at (2,0).(2,0). A circle of radius 11 has center at (5,0).(5,0). A line is tangent to the two circles at points in the first quadrant. Which of the following is closest to the yy-intercept of the line?

24\frac{\sqrt2}{4}

83\frac{\sqrt8}{3}

1+31+\sqrt3

222\sqrt2

33

难度评级:1960
小提示:

把切线写成 y=mx+by=mx+b,并对两个圆心分别使用点到直线的距离公式

Write the tangent as y=mx+by=mx+b and use point-to-line distance for each center

大提示:

先将两个距离方程相减求出斜率,再求截距

Subtract the two distance equations to determine the slope before solving for the intercept

解答:

把上方的公切线写成 mxy+b=0mx-y+b=0,并令 s=m2+1s=\sqrt{m^2+1}。两个圆心到直线的距离给出 2m+b=2s,5m+b=s 2m+b=2s,\qquad 5m+b=s\text{。}因此 3m=s3m=-s,所以 9m2=m2+19m^2=m^2+1,且 m=18m=-\frac{1}{\sqrt8}。由第二个方程,b=s5m=38+58=22 \begin{aligned} b&=s-5m\\ &=\frac3{\sqrt8}+\frac5{\sqrt8}=2\sqrt2 \end{aligned}\text{。}所以正确答案是 D

Write the upper common tangent as mxy+b=0mx-y+b=0 and let s=m2+1.s=\sqrt{m^2+1}. The two center-to-line distances give 2m+b=2s,5m+b=s. 2m+b=2s,\qquad 5m+b=s. Thus 3m=s,3m=-s, so 9m2=m2+19m^2=m^2+1 and m=18.m=-\frac{1}{\sqrt8}. From the second equation, b=s5m=38+58=22. \begin{aligned} b&=s-5m\\ &=\frac3{\sqrt8}+\frac5{\sqrt8}=2\sqrt2. \end{aligned} Therefore the correct answer is D.

19.

连接正六边形 ABCDEFABCDEF 各边的中点,形成一个较小的六边形。这个较小六边形所围面积是 ABCDEFABCDEF 面积的几分之几?

The midpoints of the sides of a regular hexagon ABCDEFABCDEF are joined to form a smaller hexagon. What fraction of the area of ABCDEFABCDEF is enclosed by the smaller hexagon?

12\frac12

33\frac{\sqrt3}{3}

23\frac23

34\frac34

32\frac{\sqrt3}{2}

难度评级:1570
小提示:

把相邻两边中点之间的距离与原六边形边长比较

Compare the distance between adjacent side midpoints with the original side length

大提示:

较小六边形与较大六边形相似,所以将边长之比平方

The smaller and larger hexagons are similar, so square their side-length ratio

解答:

两个相邻中点与它们共有的顶点组成一个三角形,其中两边均为 s2\frac{s}{2},夹角为 120120^\circ。其对边长度的平方为 s24+s242(s2)2cos120=3s24 \begin{aligned} \frac{s^2}{4}+\frac{s^2}{4} &-2\left(\frac{s}{2}\right)^2\cos120^\circ\\ &=\frac{3s^2}{4} \end{aligned}\text{。}因此较小六边形的缩放比例为 32\frac{\sqrt3}{2},面积之比为 34\frac{3}{4}。正确答案是 D

Two adjacent midpoints and their shared vertex form a triangle with two sides s2\frac{s}{2} and included angle 120.120^\circ. Its opposite side has squared length s24+s242(s2)2cos120=3s24. \begin{aligned} \frac{s^2}{4}+\frac{s^2}{4} &-2\left(\frac{s}{2}\right)^2\cos120^\circ\\ &=\frac{3s^2}{4}. \end{aligned} Thus the smaller hexagon has scale factor 32,\frac{\sqrt3}{2}, and its area ratio is 34.\frac{3}{4}. The correct answer is D.

20.

xyxy 平面内,从 (0,0)(0,0)(12,16)(12,16) 且不进入圆 (x6)2+(y8)2=25(x-6)^2+(y-8)^2=25 内部的最短路径长度是多少?

In the xyxy-plane, what is the length of the shortest path from (0,0)(0,0) to (12,16)(12,16) that does not go inside the circle (x6)2+(y8)2=25?(x-6)^2+(y-8)^2=25?

10310\sqrt3

10510\sqrt5

103+5π310\sqrt3+\frac{5\pi}{3}

4033\frac{40\sqrt3}{3}

10+5π10+5\pi

难度评级:1990
小提示:

圆心是两个端点的中点

The circle’s center is the midpoint of the two endpoints

大提示:

最短的允许路径由两条切线段和两个切点之间的较短圆弧组成

The shortest permitted path consists of two tangent segments and the shorter arc between their tangency points

解答:

每个端点到圆心的距离都是 1010,所以每条切线段的长度为 10252=53\sqrt{10^2-5^2}=5\sqrt3。在切点处的直角三角形中,圆心处的角为 6060^\circ。由于从圆心到两个端点的射线方向相反,两个切点之间的小弧所对圆心角为 1802(60)=60180^\circ-2(60^\circ)=60^\circ,所以弧长为 5π3\frac{5\pi}{3}。总长度为 103+5π310\sqrt3+\frac{5\pi}{3},正确答案是 C

Each endpoint is 1010 units from the circle’s center, so each tangent segment has length 10252=53.\sqrt{10^2-5^2}=5\sqrt3. In the right triangle at a tangency point, the angle at the center is 60.60^\circ. Since the endpoint rays are opposite, the intervening minor arc subtends 1802(60)=60,180^\circ-2(60^\circ)=60^\circ, so its length is 5π3.\frac{5\pi}{3}. The total is 103+5π3,10\sqrt3+\frac{5\pi}{3}, and the correct answer is C.

21.

三角形 ABCABCABDABD 都是等腰三角形,且 AB=AC=BDAB=AC=BDBD\overline{BD}AC\overline{AC} 交于 EE。若 BDAC\overline{BD}\perp\overline{AC},则 C+D\angle C+\angle D 等于

Triangles ABCABC and ABDABD are isosceles with AB=AC=BD,AB=AC=BD, and BD\overline{BD} intersects AC\overline{AC} at E.E. If BDAC,\overline{BD}\perp\overline{AC}, then C+D\angle C+\angle D is

115115^\circ

120120^\circ

130130^\circ

135135^\circ

不能唯一确定

not uniquely determined

难度评级:2030
小提示:

BAC=α\angle BAC=\alpha,表示 C\angle C 时利用等腰三角形 ABCABC

Let BAC=α\angle BAC=\alpha and express C\angle C using isosceles triangle ABCABC

大提示:

利用 BDACBD\perp AC,求 BB 处的顶角,也就是等腰三角形 ABDABD 的顶角

Use BDACBD\perp AC to find the vertex angle at BB of isosceles triangle ABDABD

解答:

BAC=α\angle BAC=\alpha。由于 AB=ACAB=ACC=180α2=90α2 \angle C=\frac{180^\circ-\alpha}{2}=90^\circ-\frac{\alpha}{2}\text{。}由于 BDACBD\perp ACBABABDBD 的夹角为 90α90^\circ-\alpha。在等腰三角形 ABDABD 中,AB=BDAB=BD,所以两个底角为 D=180(90α)2=45+α2 \begin{aligned} \angle D &=\frac{180^\circ-(90^\circ-\alpha)}2\\ &=45^\circ+\frac{\alpha}{2} \end{aligned}\text{。}二者之和为 135135^\circ,所以正确答案是 D

Let BAC=α.\angle BAC=\alpha. Since AB=AC,AB=AC, C=180α2=90α2. \angle C=\frac{180^\circ-\alpha}{2}=90^\circ-\frac{\alpha}{2}. Because BDAC,BD\perp AC, the angle between BABA and BDBD is 90α.90^\circ-\alpha. In isosceles triangle ABD,ABD, AB=BD,AB=BD, so its two base angles are D=180(90α)2=45+α2. \begin{aligned} \angle D &=\frac{180^\circ-(90^\circ-\alpha)}2\\ &=45^\circ+\frac{\alpha}{2}. \end{aligned} Their sum is 135,135^\circ, so the correct answer is D.

22.

选取四个不同的点 AABBCCDD,它们来自圆周上均匀分布的 19961996 个点,每个四点组被选中的可能性相同。弦 AB\overline{AB} 与弦 CD\overline{CD} 相交的概率是多少?

Four distinct points, A,A, B,B, C,C, and D,D, are to be selected from 19961996 points evenly spaced around a circle. All quadruples are equally likely to be chosen. What is the probability that the chord AB\overline{AB} intersects the chord CD?\overline{CD}?

14\frac14

13\frac13

12\frac12

23\frac23

34\frac34

难度评级:1520
小提示:

固定任意四个选出的点,考察把它们配成两条弦的三种方式

Fix any four selected points and examine the three ways to pair them into two chords

大提示:

恰有一种配对会连接圆周上交错排列的点

Exactly one pairing joins alternating points around the circle

解答:

对于任意固定的四个点,把它们的标号分成两组无序弦对共有三种方式。恰有一种配对连接圆周上交错排列的点,因此两弦相交。指定的弦对 AB,CD\overline{AB},\overline{CD} 等可能地对应这三种配对中的任意一种,所以概率为 13\frac{1}{3}。正确答案是 B

For any fixed four points, there are three ways to partition their labels into two unordered chord pairs. Exactly one pairing joins alternating points around the circle and therefore crosses. The named pair AB,CD\overline{AB},\overline{CD} is equally likely to be any of these three pairings, so the probability is 13.\frac{1}{3}. The correct answer is B.

23.

一个长方体的十二条棱长之和为 140140,从一个顶点到最远顶点的距离为 2121。该长方体的总表面积是

The sum of the lengths of the twelve edges of a rectangular box is 140,140, and the distance from one corner of the box to the farthest corner is 21.21. The total surface area of the box is

776776

784784

798798

800800

812812

难度评级:1330
小提示:

若三条边长为 a,b,ca,b,c,把棱长之和与空间对角线分别写成方程

If the side lengths are a,b,ca,b,c, translate the edge sum and space diagonal into equations

大提示:

展开 (a+b+c)2(a+b+c)^2,直接求得 2(ab+bc+ca)2(ab+bc+ca)

Expand (a+b+c)2(a+b+c)^2 to obtain 2(ab+bc+ca)2(ab+bc+ca) directly

解答:

棱长之和给出 4(a+b+c)=1404(a+b+c)=140,所以 a+b+c=35a+b+c=35。空间对角线给出 a2+b2+c2=212=441a^2+b^2+c^2=21^2=441。因此总表面积为 2(ab+bc+ca)=(a+b+c)2(a2+b2+c2)=352441=784 \begin{gathered} 2(ab+bc+ca)\\ {}=(a+b+c)^2\\ {}-(a^2+b^2+c^2)\\ {}=35^2-441=784 \end{gathered}\text{。}所以正确答案是 B

The edge sum gives 4(a+b+c)=140,4(a+b+c)=140, so a+b+c=35.a+b+c=35. The space diagonal gives a2+b2+c2=212=441.a^2+b^2+c^2=21^2=441. Therefore the surface area is 2(ab+bc+ca)=(a+b+c)2(a2+b2+c2)=352441=784. \begin{gathered} 2(ab+bc+ca)\\ {}=(a+b+c)^2\\ {}-(a^2+b^2+c^2)\\ {}=35^2-441=784. \end{gathered} Thus the correct answer is B.

24.

数列 1,2,1,2,2,1,2,2,2,1,2,2,2,2,1,2,2,2,2,2,1,2, \begin{gathered} 1,2,1,2,2,1,2,2,2,1,2,\\ 2,2,2,1,2,2,2,2,2,1,2,\ldots \end{gathered} 由若干个 11 组成,相邻两项之间隔着由 22 构成的数块,第 nn 个数块中有 nn22。这个数列前 12341234 项的和是

The sequence 1,2,1,2,2,1,2,2,2,1,2,2,2,2,1,2,2,2,2,2,1,2, \begin{gathered} 1,2,1,2,2,1,2,2,2,1,2,\\ 2,2,2,1,2,2,2,2,2,1,2,\ldots \end{gathered} consists of 11’s separated by blocks of 22’s with nn 22’s in the nnth block. The sum of the first 12341234 terms of this sequence is

19961996

24192419

24292429

24392439

24492449

难度评级:1860
小提示:

计算到第 kk 个数块末尾为止的总项数

Count the total number of terms through the end of the kkth block

大提示:

找出第 12341234 项之前最后一个完整数块,再计算下一个数块中的部分项

Find the last complete block before term 12341234, then account for the partial next block

解答:

到第 kk 个数块为止,有 kk 个一和 k(k+1)2\frac{k(k+1)}{2} 个二,因此共有 k(k+3)2\frac{k(k+3)}{2} 项。当 k=48k=48 时,项数为 12241224。这些项的和为 48+2(48492)=2400 48+2\left(\frac{48\cdot49}{2}\right)=2400\text{。}接下来的 1010 项是一个 11 和九个 22,和为 1919。所求总和为 24192419,所以正确答案是 B

Through block kk there are kk ones and k(k+1)2\frac{k(k+1)}{2} twos, hence k(k+3)2\frac{k(k+3)}{2} terms. For k=48k=48 this is 1224.1224. Their sum is 48+2(48492)=2400. 48+2\left(\frac{48\cdot49}{2}\right)=2400. The next 1010 terms are one 11 and nine 22’s, with sum 19.19. The requested sum is 2419,2419, so the correct answer is B.

25.

已知 x2+y2=14x+6y+6x^2+y^2=14x+6y+63x+4y3x+4y 的最大可能值是多少?

Given that x2+y2=14x+6y+6,x^2+y^2=14x+6y+6, what is the largest possible value that 3x+4y3x+4y can have?

7272

7373

7474

7575

7676

难度评级:1590
小提示:

配方,确定圆心和半径

Complete the square to identify the circle’s center and radius

大提示:

3x+4y3x+4y 的最大值等于它在圆心处的值加上半径乘以 32+42\sqrt{3^2+4^2}

The maximum of 3x+4y3x+4y is its value at the center plus the radius times 32+42\sqrt{3^2+4^2}

解答:

配方得 (x7)2+(y3)2=64 (x-7)^2+(y-3)^2=64\text{。}在圆心处,3x+4y=3(7)+4(3)=333x+4y=3(7)+4(3)=33。移动 88 个单位,方向取为向量 (3,4)(3,4) 的方向,表达式会增加 832+42=408\sqrt{3^2+4^2}=40。最大值为 7373,所以正确答案是 B

Completing the square gives (x7)2+(y3)2=64. (x-7)^2+(y-3)^2=64. At the center, 3x+4y=3(7)+4(3)=33.3x+4y=3(7)+4(3)=33. Moving 88 units in the direction of the vector (3,4)(3,4) increases the expression by 832+42=40.8\sqrt{3^2+4^2}=40. The maximum is 73,73, so the correct answer is B.

26.

一个罐子里有红、白、蓝、绿四种颜色的弹珠。不放回地抽取四颗弹珠时,下列事件的发生概率相同:

(a)抽到四颗红色弹珠;

(b)抽到一颗白色弹珠和三颗红色弹珠;

(c)抽到一颗白色、一颗蓝色和两颗红色弹珠;以及

(d)每种颜色各抽到一颗弹珠。

满足上述条件的弹珠总数最少是多少?

An urn contains marbles of four colors: red, white, blue, and green. When four marbles are drawn without replacement, the following events are equally likely:

(a) the selection of four red marbles;

(b) the selection of one white and three red marbles;

(c) the selection of one white, one blue, and two red marbles; and

(d) the selection of one marble of each color.

What is the smallest number of marbles satisfying the given condition?

1919

2121

4646

6969

大于 6969

more than 6969

难度评级:2190
小提示:

设四种颜色的弹珠数分别为 r,w,b,gr,w,b,g,令四个事件的组合数相等

Let the four color counts be r,w,b,gr,w,b,g and equate the combination counts for the four events

大提示:

逐次取比值,把 w,b,gw,b,g 表示成 rr 的函数,再求使三者都是整数的最小 rr

Successive ratios determine w,b,gw,b,g in terms of rr; then find the smallest rr making all three integers

解答:

相等的概率具有相同的总样本数,因此有利选法数满足 (r4)=w(r3)\binom r4=w\binom r3 =wb(r2)=wbgr=wb\binom r2=wbgr。逐次取比值得 w=r34w=\frac{r-3}{4}b=r23b=\frac{r-2}{3}g=r12g=\frac{r-1}{2}。使三者均为正整数的最小 r4r\ge4r=11r=11。此时 (w,b,g)=(2,3,5)(w,b,g)=(2,3,5),弹珠总数为 11+2+3+5=2111+2+3+5=21。所以正确答案是 B

Equal probabilities have the same common denominator, so their favorable selection counts satisfy (r4)=w(r3)\binom r4=w\binom r3 =wb(r2)=wbgr.=wb\binom r2=wbgr. Successive ratios give w=r34,w=\frac{r-3}{4}, b=r23,b=\frac{r-2}{3}, and g=r12.g=\frac{r-1}{2}. The least r4r\ge4 making all three positive integers is r=11.r=11. Then (w,b,g)=(2,3,5),(w,b,g)=(2,3,5), for 11+2+3+5=2111+2+3+5=21 marbles. Thus the correct answer is B.

27.

考虑两个实心球体:一个球心为 (0,0,212)(0,0,\frac{21}{2}),半径为 66;另一个球心为 (0,0,1)(0,0,1),半径为 92\frac92。两个球体的交集中有多少个坐标全为整数的点 (x,y,z)(x,y,z)(格点)?

Consider two solid spherical balls, one centered at (0,0,212)(0,0,\frac{21}{2}) with radius 6,6, and the other centered at (0,0,1)(0,0,1) with radius 92.\frac92. How many points (x,y,z)(x,y,z) with only integer coordinates (lattice points) are there in the intersection of the balls?

77

99

1111

1313

1515

难度评级:2100
小提示:

先取两个球体中 zz 坐标可能整数范围的交集

First intersect the possible integer ranges for the zz-coordinate in the two balls

大提示:

在唯一可能的高度,把两个球面不等式都化为对 x2+y2x^2+y^2 的限制

At the only possible height, reduce both sphere inequalities to a bound on x2+y2x^2+y^2

解答:

第一个球体允许的整数高度为 551616,第二个允许的整数高度为 3-355,所以交集中的格点必须满足 z=5z=5。在这个高度,两个限制为 x2+y236(5212)2=234,x2+y2814(51)2=174 \begin{aligned} x^2+y^2 &\le36-\left(5-\frac{21}{2}\right)^2\\ &=\frac{23}{4},\\ x^2+y^2 &\le\frac{81}{4}-(5-1)^2\\ &=\frac{17}{4} \end{aligned}\text{。}因此 x2+y2x^2+y^2 可以是 0,1,20,1,244。它们分别给出 1,4,41,4,444 个有序整数对,共有 1313 个点。正确答案是 D

The first ball permits integer heights 55 through 16,16, while the second permits 3-3 through 5,5, so an intersection lattice point must have z=5.z=5. At that height the two bounds are x2+y236(5212)2=234,x2+y2814(51)2=174. \begin{aligned} x^2+y^2 &\le36-\left(5-\frac{21}{2}\right)^2\\ &=\frac{23}{4},\\ x^2+y^2 &\le\frac{81}{4}-(5-1)^2\\ &=\frac{17}{4}. \end{aligned} Thus x2+y2x^2+y^2 can be 0,1,2,0,1,2, or 4.4. These give 1,4,4,1,4,4, and 44 ordered integer pairs, respectively, for 1313 points. The correct answer is D.

28.

在一个 4×4×34\times4\times3 的长方体上,顶点 AABBCC 都与顶点 DD 相邻。从 DD 到包含 AABBCC 的平面的垂直距离最接近

On a 4×4×34\times4\times3 rectangular parallelepiped, vertices A,A, B,B, and CC are adjacent to vertex D.D. The perpendicular distance from DD to the plane containing A,A, B,B, and CC is closest to

1.61.6

1.91.9

2.12.1

2.72.7

2.92.9

难度评级:1990
小提示:

DD 放在原点,并使三条相邻的棱分别沿三条坐标轴

Place DD at the origin with the three adjacent edges along coordinate axes

大提示:

写出经过 (4,0,0),(0,4,0),(0,0,3)(4,0,0),(0,4,0),(0,0,3) 的平面的截距式

Write the intercept form of the plane through (4,0,0),(0,4,0),(0,0,3)(4,0,0),(0,4,0),(0,0,3)

解答:

D=(0,0,0)D=(0,0,0),并把三个相邻顶点取为 (4,0,0),(0,4,0),(0,0,3)(4,0,0),(0,4,0),(0,0,3)。它们所在的平面为 x4+y4+z3=1 \frac{x}{4}+\frac{y}{4}+\frac{z}{3}=1\text{。}该平面到原点的距离为 1(14)2+(14)2+(13)2=12342.06 \begin{aligned} \frac1{\sqrt{\begin{gathered} (\frac{1}{4})^2+(\frac{1}{4})^2\\ {}+(\frac{1}{3})^2 \end{gathered}}} &=\frac{12}{\sqrt{34}}\\ &\approx2.06 \end{aligned}\text{,}最接近 2.12.1。所以正确答案是 C

Put D=(0,0,0)D=(0,0,0) and take the adjacent vertices as (4,0,0),(0,4,0),(0,0,3).(4,0,0),(0,4,0),(0,0,3). Their plane is x4+y4+z3=1. \frac{x}{4}+\frac{y}{4}+\frac{z}{3}=1. Its distance from the origin is 1(14)2+(14)2+(13)2=12342.06, \begin{aligned} \frac1{\sqrt{\begin{gathered} (\frac{1}{4})^2+(\frac{1}{4})^2\\ {}+(\frac{1}{3})^2 \end{gathered}}} &=\frac{12}{\sqrt{34}}\\ &\approx2.06, \end{aligned} closest to 2.1.2.1. Thus the correct answer is C.

29.

若正整数 nn 满足 2n2n2828 个正因数,且 3n3n3030 个正因数,那么 6n6n 有多少个正因数?

If nn is a positive integer such that 2n2n has 2828 positive divisors and 3n3n has 3030 positive divisors, then how many positive divisors does 6n6n have?

3232

3434

3535

3636

3838

难度评级:2150
小提示:

写成 n=2a3bqn=2^a3^bq,其中 qq66 互质,并设 ttqq 的因数个数

Write n=2a3bqn=2^a3^bq, where qq is relatively prime to 66, and let tt be the number of divisors of qq

大提示:

利用两个因数个数方程,将 tt 限制为 28283030 的公因数

Use the two divisor-count equations to restrict tt to a divisor of both 2828 and 3030

解答:

写成 n=2a3bqn=2^a3^bq,其中 gcd(q,6)=1\gcd(q,6)=1,并令 t=τ(q)t=\tau(q)。于是 (a+2)(b+1)t=28,(a+1)(b+2)t=30 \begin{aligned} (a+2)(b+1)t&=28,\\ (a+1)(b+2)t&=30 \end{aligned}\text{。}因此 tt1122。检验 14,1514,15 的因数对,发现当 t=2t=2 时无解;检验 28,3028,30 的因数对,发现当 t=1t=1 时得到唯一解 a=5,b=3a=5,b=3。所以 τ(6n)=(a+2)(b+2)t=75=35 \begin{aligned} \tau(6n)&=(a+2)(b+2)t\\ &=7\cdot5=35 \end{aligned}\text{,}正确答案是 C

Write n=2a3bqn=2^a3^bq with gcd(q,6)=1,\gcd(q,6)=1, and let t=τ(q).t=\tau(q). Then (a+2)(b+1)t=28,(a+1)(b+2)t=30. \begin{aligned} (a+2)(b+1)t&=28,\\ (a+1)(b+2)t&=30. \end{aligned} Hence tt is 11 or 2.2. Checking the factor pairs of 14,1514,15 gives no solution when t=2.t=2. Checking those of 28,3028,30 when t=1t=1 gives the unique solution a=5,b=3.a=5,b=3. Therefore τ(6n)=(a+2)(b+2)t=75=35, \begin{aligned} \tau(6n)&=(a+2)(b+2)t\\ &=7\cdot5=35, \end{aligned} so the correct answer is C.

30.

一个内接于圆的六边形有连续三条边的长度均为 33,另有连续三条边的长度均为 55。一条弦把六边形分成两个梯形,其中一个梯形有三条长度均为 33 的边,另一个有三条长度均为 55 的边。该弦长等于 mn\frac{m}{n},其中 mmnn 是互质正整数。求 m+nm+n

A hexagon inscribed in a circle has three consecutive sides each of length 33 and three consecutive sides each of length 5.5. The chord of the circle that divides the hexagon into two trapezoids, one with three sides each of length 33 and the other with three sides each of length 5,5, has length equal to mn,\frac{m}{n}, where mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers. Find m+n.m+n.

309309

349349

369369

389389

409409

难度评级:2330
小提示:

α\alphaβ\beta 分别为长度 3355 的边所对圆心角的一半

Let α\alpha and β\beta be the half-central angles subtended by sides 33 and 55

大提示:

利用 α+β=60\alpha+\beta=60^\circ 和弦长之比求 sin2α\sin^2\alpha,再应用 sin3αsinα\frac{\sin3\alpha}{\sin\alpha}

Use α+β=60\alpha+\beta=60^\circ and the chord ratio to find sin2α\sin^2\alpha, then apply sin3αsinα\frac{\sin3\alpha}{\sin\alpha}

解答:

设圆的半径为 RR,并设 α,β\alpha,\beta 分别为长度 3,53,5 的边所对半圆心角。则 3=2Rsinα3=2R\sin\alpha5=2Rsinβ5=2R\sin\beta,且 α+β=60\alpha+\beta=60^\circ。因此 53=sin(60α)sinα\frac53=\frac{\sin(60^\circ-\alpha)}{\sin\alpha} =32cotα12=\frac{\sqrt3}{2}\cot\alpha-\frac12,所以 tanα=3313\tan\alpha=\frac{3\sqrt3}{13},且 sin2α=27196\sin^2\alpha=\frac{27}{196}。分割弦跨过连续三条长度为 33 的边,所以 L3=sin3αsinα\frac L3=\frac{\sin3\alpha}{\sin\alpha} =34sin2α=32749=12049=3-4\sin^2\alpha=3-\frac{27}{49}=\frac{120}{49}。因此 L=36049L=\frac{360}{49},所以 m+n=409m+n=409。正确答案是 E

Let the circle have radius R,R, and let α,β\alpha,\beta be the half-central angles for the sides 3,5.3,5. Then 3=2Rsinα,3=2R\sin\alpha, 5=2Rsinβ,5=2R\sin\beta, and α+β=60.\alpha+\beta=60^\circ. Thus 53=sin(60α)sinα\frac53=\frac{\sin(60^\circ-\alpha)}{\sin\alpha} =32cotα12,=\frac{\sqrt3}{2}\cot\alpha-\frac12, so tanα=3313\tan\alpha=\frac{3\sqrt3}{13} and sin2α=27196.\sin^2\alpha=\frac{27}{196}. The dividing chord spans the three consecutive sides of length 3,3, so L3=sin3αsinα\frac L3=\frac{\sin3\alpha}{\sin\alpha} =34sin2α=32749=12049.=3-4\sin^2\alpha=3-\frac{27}{49}=\frac{120}{49}. Therefore L=36049,L=\frac{360}{49}, so m+n=409.m+n=409. The correct answer is E.