1983 AMC 12 详解

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

1.

x0x\ne0x2=y2\frac{x}{2}=y^2,且 x4=4y\frac{x}{4}=4y,则 xx 等于

If x0,x\ne0, x2=y2\frac{x}{2}=y^2 and x4=4y,\frac{x}{4}=4y, then xx equals

88

1616

3232

6464

128128

知识点:方程组换元法零积性质
难度评级:1380
小提示:

利用 x4=4y\frac{x}{4}=4yxx 表示成 yy 的式子

Use x4=4y\frac{x}{4}=4y to express xx in terms of yy

大提示:

代入后,舍去使 x=0x=0 的解

After substitution, discard the solution that makes x=0x=0

解答:

第二个方程给出 x=16yx=16y。代入第一个方程,得到 8y=y28y=y^2,所以 y(y8)=0y(y-8)=0。条件 x0x\ne0 排除 y=0y=0,于是 y=8y=8,且 x=128x=128

所以正确答案是 E

The second equation gives x=16y.x=16y. Substituting into the first gives 8y=y2,8y=y^2, so y(y8)=0.y(y-8)=0. The condition x0x\ne0 rules out y=0,y=0, leaving y=8y=8 and x=128.x=128.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

2.

PP 位于平面内圆 CC 的外部。圆 CC 上至多有多少个点与 PP 相距 33 厘米?

Point PP is outside circle CC on the plane. At most how many points on CC are 33 cm from P?P?

11

22

33

44

88

知识点:交点计数
难度评级:1130
小提示:

PP 距离固定的点构成另一个圆

Points at a fixed distance from PP form another circle

大提示:

数出这两个圆的公共点;两圆相交时取到最大值

Count the common points of the two circles; the maximum occurs when they cross

解答:

PP 相距 33 厘米的点构成一个以 PP 为圆心的圆。两个不同的圆至多相交于两点,而且确实可能有两个交点。

所以正确答案是 B

The points 33 cm from PP form a circle centered at P.P. Two distinct circles intersect in at most two points, and two intersections are possible.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

3.

三个素数 ppqqrr 满足 p+q=rp+q=r1<p<q1\lt p\lt q。则 pp 等于

Three primes, p,p, qq and r,r, satisfy p+q=rp+q=r and 1<p<q.1\lt p\lt q. Then pp equals

22

33

77

1313

1717

知识点:质数奇偶性
难度评级:1260
小提示:

除一个素数外,其余素数都是奇数

Every prime except one is odd

大提示:

若两个加数都是奇数,它们的和就是一个大于 22 的偶数

If both addends were odd, their sum would be an even number greater than 22

解答:

ppqq 都是奇数,则 r=p+qr=p+q 是大于 22 的偶数,因而不是素数。所以其中一个加数是唯一的偶素数 22。由于 p<qp\lt q,这个加数就是 pp

所以正确答案是 A

If both pp and qq were odd, then r=p+qr=p+q would be even and greater than 2,2, so it would not be prime. Thus one addend is the only even prime, 2.2. Since p<q,p\lt q, that addend is p.p.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

4.

在附图的平面图形中,边 AFAFCDCD 平行,边 ABABFEFE 平行,边 BCBCEDED 平行。每条边的长度均为 11。此外,FAB=BCD=60\angle FAB=\angle BCD=60^\circ。该图形的面积为

In the adjoining plane figure, sides AFAF and CDCD are parallel, as are sides ABAB and FE,FE, and sides BCBC and ED.ED. Each side has length 1.1. Also, FAB=BCD=60.\angle FAB=\angle BCD=60^\circ. The area of the figure is

32\frac{\sqrt3}{2}

11

32\frac32

3\sqrt3

22

难度评级:1660
小提示:

AFAFCDCD 竖直放置,并利用 6060^\circ 角为各点设坐标

Place AFAF and CDCD vertically and use the 6060^\circ angles to assign coordinates

大提示:

六个顶点的横坐标变化都可以用 32\frac{\sqrt3}{2} 表示

The six vertices can be written using horizontal changes of 32\frac{\sqrt3}{2}

解答:

由平行方向和 6060^\circ 角可知,在刚性运动意义下,各顶点可以取为 A=(0,0),B=(32,12),C=(3,0),D=(3,1),E=(32,32),F=(0,1) \begin{aligned} A&=(0,0),\\ B&=(\tfrac{\sqrt3}{2},-\tfrac12),\\ C&=(\sqrt3,0),\\ D&=(\sqrt3,-1),\\ E&=(\tfrac{\sqrt3}{2},-\tfrac32),\\ F&=(0,-1) \end{aligned}\text{。}对这六个顶点应用鞋带公式,得到面积 3\sqrt3

所以正确答案是 D

The parallel directions and 6060^\circ angles place the vertices, up to rigid motion, at A=(0,0),B=(32,12),C=(3,0),D=(3,1),E=(32,32),F=(0,1). \begin{aligned} A&=(0,0),\\ B&=(\tfrac{\sqrt3}{2},-\tfrac12),\\ C&=(\sqrt3,0),\\ D&=(\sqrt3,-1),\\ E&=(\tfrac{\sqrt3}{2},-\tfrac32),\\ F&=(0,-1). \end{aligned} Applying the shoelace formula to these six vertices gives area 3.\sqrt3.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

5.

三角形 ABCABCCC 处为直角。若 sinA=23\sin A=\frac23,则 tanB\tan B

Triangle ABCABC has a right angle at C.C. If sinA=23,\sin A=\frac23, then tanB\tan B is

35\frac35

53\frac{\sqrt5}{3}

25\frac{2}{\sqrt5}

52\frac{\sqrt5}{2}

53\frac53

难度评级:1330
小提示:

AABB 互余

Angles AA and BB are complementary

大提示:

利用 cosA=1sin2A\cos A=\sqrt{1-\sin^2A}tanB=cotA\tan B=\cot A

Use cosA=1sin2A\cos A=\sqrt{1-\sin^2A} and tanB=cotA\tan B=\cot A

解答:

由于 sinA=23\sin A=\frac{2}{3},所以 cosA=149=53\cos A=\sqrt{1-\frac{4}{9}}=\frac{\sqrt5}{3}。又因 B=90AB=90^\circ-A,有 tanB=cotA\tan B=\cot A,并且 cosAsinA=52\frac{\cos A}{\sin A}=\frac{\sqrt5}{2}

所以正确答案是 D

Since sinA=23,\sin A=\frac{2}{3}, cosA=149=53.\cos A=\sqrt{1-\frac{4}{9}}=\frac{\sqrt5}{3}. Because B=90A,B=90^\circ-A, we have tanB=cotA\tan B=\cot A and cosAsinA=52.\frac{\cos A}{\sin A}=\frac{\sqrt5}{2}.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

6.

x5x^5x+1xx+\frac1x1+2x+3x31+\frac2x+\frac3{x^3} 相乘,所得多项式的次数为

When x5,x^5, x+1xx+\frac1x and 1+2x+3x31+\frac2x+\frac3{x^3} are multiplied, the product is a polynomial of degree

22

33

66

77

88

知识点:多项式指数
难度评级:1450
小提示:

从每个因式中各取一项,追踪所得项的最大指数

Track the largest exponent produced by choosing one term from each factor

大提示:

最高次项来自 x5x1x^5\cdot x\cdot1

The leading term comes from x5x1x^5\cdot x\cdot1

解答:

最大指数来自 x5x1=x6x^5\cdot x\cdot1=x^6。其余各项的指数都更小,而最小的可能指数为 513=15-1-3=1,所以乘积确实是一个多项式。它的次数为 66

所以正确答案是 C

The greatest exponent comes from x5x1=x6.x^5\cdot x\cdot1=x^6. Every other term has smaller exponent, and the smallest possible exponent is 513=1,5-1-3=1, so the product is indeed a polynomial. Its degree is 6.6.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

7.

爱丽丝以比标价低 $10\$10 的价格卖出一件商品,并得到售价的 10%10\% 作为佣金。鲍勃以比标价低 $20\$20 的价格卖出同一件商品,并得到售价的 20%20\% 作为佣金。若两人的佣金相同,则标价为

Alice sells an item at $10\$10 less than the list price and receives 10%10\% of her selling price as her commission. Bob sells the same item at $20\$20 less than the list price and receives 20%20\% of his selling price as his commission. If they both get the same commission, then the list price is

$20\$20

$30\$30

$50\$50

$70\$70

$100\$100

难度评级:1160
小提示:

设标价为 LL,用 LL 分别表示两人的佣金

Let LL be the list price and write each commission in terms of LL

大提示:

0.1(L10)0.1(L-10) 等于 0.2(L20)0.2(L-20)

Set 0.1(L10)0.1(L-10) equal to 0.2(L20)0.2(L-20)

解答:

若标价为 LL,由佣金相等可得 0.1(L10)=0.2(L20)0.1(L-10)=0.2(L-20)。两边乘以 1010 并求解,得到 L10=2L40L-10=2L-40,所以 L=30L=30

所以正确答案是 B

If the list price is L,L, equality of commissions gives 0.1(L10)=0.2(L20).0.1(L-10)=0.2(L-20). Multiplying by 1010 and solving gives L10=2L40,L-10=2L-40, so L=30.L=30.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

8.

f(x)=x+1x1f(x)=\frac{x+1}{x-1}。当 x21x^2\ne1 时,f(x)f(-x)

Let f(x)=x+1x1.f(x)=\frac{x+1}{x-1}. Then for x21,x^2\ne1, f(x)f(-x) is

1f(x)\frac1{f(x)}

f(x)-f(x)

1f(x)\frac1{f(-x)}

f(x)-f(-x)

f(x)f(x)

难度评级:1360
小提示:

x-x 直接代入公式

Substitute x-x directly into the formula

大提示:

f(x)f(-x) 的分子和分母同乘 1-1

Multiply numerator and denominator of f(x)f(-x) by 1-1

解答:

f(x)=x+1x1=x1x+1=1f(x) \begin{aligned} f(-x)&=\frac{-x+1}{-x-1}\\ &=\frac{x-1}{x+1}=\frac1{f(x)} \end{aligned}\text{。}限制条件 x21x^2\ne1 保证所写的所有量都有定义。

所以正确答案是 A

We have f(x)=x+1x1=x1x+1=1f(x). \begin{aligned} f(-x)&=\frac{-x+1}{-x-1}\\ &=\frac{x-1}{x+1}=\frac1{f(x)}. \end{aligned} The restriction x21x^2\ne1 makes all displayed quantities defined.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

9.

在某个人群中,女性人数与男性人数之比为 11111010。若女性的平均(算术平均)年龄为 3434,男性的平均年龄为 3232,则该人群的平均年龄为

In a certain population the ratio of the number of women to the number of men is 1111 to 10.10. If the average (arithmetic mean) age of the women is 3434 and the average age of the men is 32,32, then the average age of the population is

3291032\frac9{10}

32202132\frac{20}{21}

3333

3312133\frac1{21}

3311033\frac1{10}

难度评级:1240
小提示:

1111 名女性和 1010 名男性

Use groups of 1111 women and 1010 men

大提示:

1134+103211\cdot34+10\cdot32 除以总人数

Divide 1134+103211\cdot34+10\cdot32 by the total number of people

解答:

1111 名女性和 1010 名男性,所有人的年龄总和为 1134+1032=69411\cdot34+10\cdot32=694。再除以总人数 2121,得到 69421=33121\frac{694}{21}=33\frac1{21}

所以正确答案是 D

Using 1111 women and 1010 men, the total of all ages is 1134+1032=694.11\cdot34+10\cdot32=694. Dividing by 2121 people gives 69421=33121.\frac{694}{21}=33\frac1{21}.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

10.

线段 ABAB 既是一个半径为 11 的圆的直径,也是等边三角形 ABCABC 的一条边。该圆还分别在点 DDEE 处与 ACACBCBC 相交。AEAE 的长度为

Segment ABAB is both a diameter of a circle of radius 11 and a side of an equilateral triangle ABC.ABC. The circle also intersects ACAC and BCBC at points DD and E,E, respectively. The length of AEAE is

32\frac32

53\frac53

32\frac{\sqrt3}{2}

3\sqrt3

2+32\frac{2+\sqrt3}{2}

难度评级:1660
小提示:

由于 ABAB 是直径,所以 AEB\angle AEB 是直角

Because ABAB is a diameter, AEB\angle AEB is a right angle

大提示:

三角形 ABEABE 是一个斜边 AB=2AB=23030^\circ-6060^\circ-9090^\circ 三角形

Triangle ABEABE is a 3030^\circ-6060^\circ-9090^\circ triangle with hypotenuse AB=2AB=2

解答:

由于 EE 位于以 ABAB 为直径的圆上,所以 AEB=90\angle AEB=90^\circ。又因为 ABCABC 是等边三角形,所以 ABE=60\angle ABE=60^\circ。因此 ABEABE 是一个斜边 AB=2AB=23030^\circ-6060^\circ-9090^\circ 三角形,所以 AE=3AE=\sqrt3

所以正确答案是 D

Since EE is on the circle with diameter AB,AB, AEB=90.\angle AEB=90^\circ. Also ABE=60\angle ABE=60^\circ because ABCABC is equilateral. Thus ABEABE is a 3030^\circ-6060^\circ-9090^\circ triangle with hypotenuse AB=2,AB=2, so AE=3.AE=\sqrt3.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

11.

化简 sin(xy)cosy\sin(x-y)\cos y +cos(xy)siny{}+\cos(x-y)\sin y

Simplify sin(xy)cosy\sin(x-y)\cos y+cos(xy)siny.{}+\cos(x-y)\sin y.

11

sinx\sin x

cosx\cos x

sinxcos2y\sin x\cos2y

cosxcos2y\cos x\cos2y

难度评级:1240
小提示:

识别正弦和角公式

Recognize the sine addition identity

大提示:

u=xyu=x-yv=yv=y,应用正弦和角公式

Apply the sine addition formula with u=xyu=x-y and v=yv=y

解答:

u=xyu=x-yv=yv=y,正弦和角公式给出 sin(xy)cosy+cos(xy)siny=sin((xy)+y)=sinx \begin{aligned} &\sin(x-y)\cos y\\ &\quad+\cos(x-y)\sin y\\ &=\sin((x-y)+y)=\sin x \end{aligned}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 B

Taking u=xyu=x-y and v=y,v=y, the sine addition identity gives sin(xy)cosy+cos(xy)siny=sin((xy)+y)=sinx. \begin{aligned} &\sin(x-y)\cos y\\ &\quad+\cos(x-y)\sin y\\ &=\sin((x-y)+y)=\sin x. \end{aligned}

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

12.

log7(log3(log2x))=0\log_7(\log_3(\log_2x))=0,则 x12x^{-\frac{1}{2}} 等于

If log7(log3(log2x))=0,\log_7(\log_3(\log_2x))=0, then x12x^{-\frac{1}{2}} equals

13\frac13

123\frac1{2\sqrt3}

133\frac1{3\sqrt3}

142\frac1{\sqrt{42}}

以上都不是

none of these

知识点:对数指数
难度评级:1710
小提示:

从最外层开始,逐层消去对数

Undo the logarithms one at a time, starting from the outside

大提示:

log7u=0\log_7u=0 意味着 u=1u=1,再继续向内计算

log7u=0\log_7u=0 implies u=1,u=1, then continue inward

解答:

原方程给出 log3(log2x)=1\log_3(\log_2x)=1,所以 log2x=3\log_2x=3,且 x=8x=8。因此 x12=18=122x^{-\frac{1}{2}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt8}=\frac{1}{2\sqrt2},不在选项 A 至 D 中。

所以正确答案是 E

The equation gives log3(log2x)=1,\log_3(\log_2x)=1, so log2x=3\log_2x=3 and x=8.x=8. Hence x12=18=122,x^{-\frac{1}{2}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt8}=\frac{1}{2\sqrt2}, which is not among choices A–D.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

13.

xy=axy=axz=bxz=byz=cyz=c,且这些量都不为 00,则 x2+y2+z2x^2+y^2+z^2 等于

If xy=a,xy=a, xz=b,xz=b, and yz=c,yz=c, and none of these quantities is 0,0, then x2+y2+z2x^2+y^2+z^2 equals

ab+ac+bcabc\frac{ab+ac+bc}{abc}

a2+b2+c2abc\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{abc}

(a+b+c)2abc\frac{(a+b+c)^2}{abc}

(ab+ac+bc)2abc\frac{(ab+ac+bc)^2}{abc}

(ab)2+(ac)2+(bc)2abc\frac{(ab)^2+(ac)^2+(bc)^2}{abc}

难度评级:1730
小提示:

xy=axy=axz=bxz=byz=cyz=c 中的两个等式相乘,再除以第三个

Multiply two of xy=a,xy=a, xz=b,xz=b, and yz=c,yz=c, then divide by the third

大提示:

利用 x2=abcx^2=\frac{ab}{c}y2=acby^2=\frac{ac}{b}z2=bcaz^2=\frac{bc}{a}

Use x2=abc,x^2=\frac{ab}{c}, y2=acb,y^2=\frac{ac}{b}, and z2=bcaz^2=\frac{bc}{a}

解答:

由三个乘积可得 x2=abc,y2=acb,z2=bca \begin{aligned} x^2&=\frac{ab}{c},\\ y^2&=\frac{ac}{b},\\ z^2&=\frac{bc}{a} \end{aligned}\text{。}将它们的和通分到分母 abcabc,得到 x2+y2+z2=(ab)2+(ac)2abc+(bc)2abc \begin{aligned} x^2+y^2+z^2 &=\frac{(ab)^2+(ac)^2}{abc}\\ &\quad+\frac{(bc)^2}{abc} \end{aligned}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 E

From the three products, x2=abc,y2=acb,z2=bca. \begin{aligned} x^2&=\frac{ab}{c},\\ y^2&=\frac{ac}{b},\\ z^2&=\frac{bc}{a}. \end{aligned} Putting their sum over denominator abcabc gives x2+y2+z2=(ab)2+(ac)2abc+(bc)2abc. \begin{aligned} x^2+y^2+z^2 &=\frac{(ab)^2+(ac)^2}{abc}\\ &\quad+\frac{(bc)^2}{abc}. \end{aligned}

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

14.

31001710021310033^{1001}7^{1002}13^{1003} 的个位数字为

The units digit of 31001710021310033^{1001}7^{1002}13^{1003} is

11

33

55

77

99

难度评级:1430
小提示:

求个位数字时,将 1313 化为 33

Reduce 1313 to 33 when considering units digits

大提示:

合并两个 33 的幂,并利用长度为 44 的个位数字循环

Combine the two powers of 33 and use the length-44 units-digit cycles

解答:

1010 时,31001131003320041 3^{1001}13^{1003}\equiv3^{2004}\equiv1\text{,}因为 33 的幂每 44 次循环一次。另外,71002729(mod10)7^{1002}\equiv7^2\equiv9\pmod {10}。因此乘积的个位数字为 99

所以正确答案是 E

Modulo 10,10, 31001131003320041 3^{1001}13^{1003}\equiv3^{2004}\equiv1 because powers of 33 repeat every 4.4. Also 71002729(mod10).7^{1002}\equiv7^2\equiv9\pmod {10}. Thus the product has units digit 9.9.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

15.

将标有 112233 的三个球放入一个罐中。抽出一个球,记录其编号,再将球放回罐中。这个过程再重复两次,每次抽取各球的可能性都相同。若记录的三个编号之和为 66,则三次都抽到编号为 22 的球的概率是多少?

Three balls marked 1,1, 22 and 33 are placed in an urn. One ball is drawn, its number is recorded, and then the ball is returned to the urn. This process is repeated and then repeated once more, and each ball is equally likely to be drawn on each occasion. If the sum of the numbers recorded is 6,6, what is the probability that the ball numbered 22 was drawn all three times?

127\frac1{27}

18\frac18

17\frac17

16\frac16

13\frac13

难度评级:1690
小提示:

列出由 {1,2,3}\{1,2,3\} 中元素组成且和为 66 的有序三元组

List the ordered triples from {1,2,3}\{1,2,3\} whose sum is 66

大提示:

所有可能是 (1,2,3)(1,2,3) 的排列以及 (2,2,2)(2,2,2)

The possibilities are the permutations of (1,2,3)(1,2,3) together with (2,2,2)(2,2,2)

解答:

和为 66 的有序三元组为 (1,2,3)(1,2,3) 的六个排列和三元组 (2,2,2)(2,2,2)。它们的可能性相同,七个三元组中恰有一个含有三个 22。因此条件概率为 17\frac{1}{7}

所以正确答案是 C

The ordered triples with sum 66 are the six permutations of (1,2,3)(1,2,3) and the triple (2,2,2).(2,2,2). They are equally likely, and exactly one of the seven has three 22’s. The conditional probability is therefore 17.\frac{1}{7}.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

16.

x=0.123456789101112=998999 \begin{aligned} x&=0.123456789101112\\ &\phantom{={}}\ldots998999 \end{aligned}\text{,}其中小数部分的数字是将整数 11999999 依次写下而得到的。小数点右侧第 19831983 位数字是

Let x=0.123456789101112=998999, \begin{aligned} x&=0.123456789101112\\ &\phantom{={}}\ldots998999, \end{aligned} where the digits are obtained by writing the integers 11 through 999999 in order. The 19831983rd digit to the right of the decimal point is

22

33

55

77

88

难度评级:1830
小提示:

先数一位数和两位数共提供多少位数字

First count the digits contributed by the one- and two-digit integers

大提示:

经过前 189189 位后,在三位数中定位剩余的位置

After 189189 digits, locate the remaining position within the three-digit integers

解答:

一位数提供 99 位,两位数提供 902=18090\cdot2=180 位,共 189189 位。因此所求数字是三位数部分中的第 1983189=17941983-189=1794 位。由于 1794=59831794=598\cdot3,它是第 598598 个三位数的末位数字;该三位数为 100+597=697100+597=697。所以这位数字是 77

所以正确答案是 D

The one-digit integers contribute 99 digits and the two-digit integers contribute 902=180,90\cdot2=180, for 189189 total. Thus the desired digit is the 1983189=17941983-189=1794th digit among the three-digit integers. Since 1794=5983,1794=598\cdot3, it is the last digit of the 598598th three-digit integer, namely 100+597=697.100+597=697. That digit is 7.7.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

17.

右图在复平面上标出了若干个数。图中的圆是以原点为圆心的单位圆。其中一个数是 FF 的倒数。它是哪一个?

The diagram to the right shows several numbers in the complex plane. The circle is the unit circle centered at the origin. One of these numbers is the reciprocal of F.F. Which one?

AA

BB

CC

DD

EE

难度评级:1900
小提示:

z=reiθz=re^{i\theta},则其倒数的模为 1r\frac{1}{r}

For z=reiθ,z=re^{i\theta}, its reciprocal has modulus 1r\frac{1}{r}

大提示:

取倒数会把辐角关于实轴反射,并将点移到单位圆内部

The reciprocal reflects the argument across the real axis and moves inside the unit circle

解答:

F=reiθF=re^{i\theta},则 1F=r1eiθ\frac{1}{F}=r^{-1}e^{-i\theta}。由于 FF 位于第一象限且在单位圆外,其倒数位于第四象限的单位圆内,辐角与原来关于实轴对称。只有点 CC 具有这些性质。

所以正确答案是 C

If F=reiθ,F=re^{i\theta}, then 1F=r1eiθ.\frac{1}{F}=r^{-1}e^{-i\theta}. Because FF is outside the unit circle in quadrant I, its reciprocal is inside the unit circle in quadrant IV, with the reflected argument. Only point CC has those properties.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

18.

ff 为一个多项式函数,且对所有实数 xx,都有 f(x2+1)=x4+5x2+3 f(x^2+1)=x^4+5x^2+3\text{。}则对所有实数 xxf(x21)f(x^2-1)

Let ff be a polynomial function such that, for all real x,x, f(x2+1)=x4+5x2+3. f(x^2+1)=x^4+5x^2+3. For all real x,x, f(x21)f(x^2-1) is

x4+5x2+1x^4+5x^2+1

x4+x23x^4+x^2-3

x45x2+1x^4-5x^2+1

x4+x2+3x^4+x^2+3

以上都不是

none of these

难度评级:1950
小提示:

将右边改写为关于 x2+1x^2+1 的多项式

Rewrite the right side as a polynomial in x2+1x^2+1

大提示:

t=x2+1t=x^2+1,得到 f(t)=t2+3t1f(t)=t^2+3t-1

Setting t=x2+1t=x^2+1 gives f(t)=t2+3t1f(t)=t^2+3t-1

解答:

t=x2+1t=x^2+1,则 x4+5x2+3=(t1)2+5(t1)+3=t2+3t1 \begin{aligned} x^4+5x^2+3 &=(t-1)^2\\ &\quad+5(t-1)+3\\ &=t^2+3t-1 \end{aligned}\text{。}因此 f(t)=t2+3t1f(t)=t^2+3t-1。代入 t=x21t=x^2-1,得到 f(x21)=(x21)2+3(x21)1=x4+x23 \begin{aligned} f(x^2-1) &=(x^2-1)^2\\ &\quad+3(x^2-1)-1\\ &=x^4+x^2-3 \end{aligned}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 B

With t=x2+1,t=x^2+1, x4+5x2+3=(t1)2+5(t1)+3=t2+3t1. \begin{aligned} x^4+5x^2+3 &=(t-1)^2\\ &\quad+5(t-1)+3\\ &=t^2+3t-1. \end{aligned} Hence f(t)=t2+3t1.f(t)=t^2+3t-1. Substituting t=x21t=x^2-1 gives f(x21)=(x21)2+3(x21)1=x4+x23. \begin{aligned} f(x^2-1) &=(x^2-1)^2\\ &\quad+3(x^2-1)-1\\ &=x^4+x^2-3. \end{aligned}

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

19.

DD 位于三角形 ABCABC 的边 CBCB 上。若 CAD=DAB=60\angle CAD=\angle DAB=60^\circAC=3AC=3AB=6AB=6,则 ADAD 的长度为

Point DD is on side CBCB of triangle ABC.ABC. If CAD=DAB=60,\angle CAD=\angle DAB=60^\circ, AC=3AC=3 and AB=6,AB=6, then the length of ADAD is

22

2.52.5

33

3.53.5

44

难度评级:2150
小提示:

角平分线定理给出 DBCD=ABAC\frac{DB}{CD}=\frac{AB}{AC}

The angle bisector theorem gives DBCD=ABAC\frac{DB}{CD}=\frac{AB}{AC}

大提示:

CD=tCD=tDB=2tDB=2tAD=dAD=d;再对两个三角形应用余弦定理

Set CD=t,CD=t, DB=2t,DB=2t, and AD=d;AD=d; then apply the law of cosines to the two triangles

解答:

由角平分线定理,可令 CD=tCD=tDB=2tDB=2t。再令 AD=dAD=d。三角形 ACDACDABDABDAA 处的角均为 6060^\circ,对它们应用余弦定理,得到 t2=9+d23d,4t2=36+d26d \begin{aligned} t^2&=9+d^2-3d,\\ 4t^2&=36+d^2-6d \end{aligned}\text{。}用第二个方程减去第一个方程的四倍,得到 0=3d2+6d0=-3d^2+6d。由于 d>0d\gt0,所以 d=2d=2

所以正确答案是 A

By the angle bisector theorem, write CD=tCD=t and DB=2t.DB=2t. Let AD=d.AD=d. The law of cosines in triangles ACDACD and ABD,ABD, whose angles at AA are both 60,60^\circ, gives t2=9+d23d,4t2=36+d26d. \begin{aligned} t^2&=9+d^2-3d,\\ 4t^2&=36+d^2-6d. \end{aligned} Subtracting four times the first equation from the second yields 0=3d2+6d.0=-3d^2+6d. Since d>0,d\gt0, d=2.d=2.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

20.

tanα\tan\alphatanβ\tan\betax2px+q=0x^2-px+q=0 的根,而 cotα\cot\alphacotβ\cot\betax2rx+s=0x^2-rx+s=0 的根,则 rsrs 必定为

If tanα\tan\alpha and tanβ\tan\beta are the roots of x2px+q=0,x^2-px+q=0, and cotα\cot\alpha and cotβ\cot\beta are the roots of x2rx+s=0,x^2-rx+s=0, then rsrs is necessarily

pqpq

1pq\frac1{pq}

pq2\frac{p}{q^2}

qp2\frac{q}{p^2}

pq\frac pq

难度评级:1850
小提示:

第二个二次方程的根是第一个二次方程各根的倒数

The roots of the second quadratic are reciprocals of the roots of the first

大提示:

利用韦达定理,以 p,qp,q 表示它们的和与积

Use Vieta’s formulas to express their sum and product in terms of p,qp,q

解答:

令第一组根为 u=tanαu=\tan\alphav=tanβv=\tan\beta。则 u+v=pu+v=p,且 uv=quv=q。第二组根为 1u\frac{1}{u}1v\frac{1}{v},所以 r=1u+1v=pq,s=1uv=1q \begin{aligned} r&=\frac1u+\frac1v=\frac pq,\\ s&=\frac1{uv}=\frac1q \end{aligned}\text{。}因此 rs=pq2rs=\frac{p}{q^2}

所以正确答案是 C

Let the first roots be u=tanαu=\tan\alpha and v=tanβ.v=\tan\beta. Then u+v=pu+v=p and uv=q.uv=q. The second roots are 1u\frac{1}{u} and 1v,\frac{1}{v}, so r=1u+1v=pq,s=1uv=1q. \begin{aligned} r&=\frac1u+\frac1v=\frac pq,\\ s&=\frac1{uv}=\frac1q. \end{aligned} Therefore rs=pq2.rs=\frac{p}{q^2}.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

21.

从下列各数中找出最小的正数

Find the smallest positive number from the numbers below

1031110-3\sqrt{11}

311103\sqrt{11}-10

1851318-5\sqrt{13}

51102651-10\sqrt{26}

10265110\sqrt{26}-51

难度评级:1880
小提示:

比较平方,判断所列各差中哪些为正

Compare the squares to determine which listed differences are positive

大提示:

利用 ab=a2b2a+ba-b=\frac{a^2-b^2}{a+b} 将每个正的差有理化

Rationalize each positive difference using ab=a2b2a+ba-b=\frac{a^2-b^2}{a+b}

解答:

由于 100>99100\gt99,选项 A 为正;由于 324<325324\lt325,选项 C 为负;又因 2601>26002601\gt2600,选项 D 为正而 E 为负。两个正数满足 10311=110+311,511026=151+1026 \begin{aligned} 10-3\sqrt{11} &=\frac1{10+3\sqrt{11}},\\ 51-10\sqrt{26} &=\frac1{51+10\sqrt{26}} \end{aligned}\text{。}第二个分母较大,所以选项 D 是较小的正数。

所以正确答案是 D

Since 100>99,100\gt99, choice A is positive; since 324<325,324\lt325, choice C is negative; and since 2601>2600,2601\gt2600, choice D is positive while E is negative. The two positive values satisfy 10311=110+311,511026=151+1026. \begin{aligned} 10-3\sqrt{11} &=\frac1{10+3\sqrt{11}},\\ 51-10\sqrt{26} &=\frac1{51+10\sqrt{26}}. \end{aligned} The second denominator is larger, so choice D is the smaller positive number.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

22.

考虑两个函数 f(x)=x2+2bx+1,g(x)=2a(x+b) \begin{aligned} f(x)&=x^2+2bx+1,\\ g(x)&=2a(x+b) \end{aligned}\text{,}其中变量 xx 以及常数 aabb 都是实数。每一对这样的常数 aabb 都可以看作 abab 平面内的一点 (a,b)(a,b)。令 SS 为所有这类点 (a,b)(a,b) 的集合,使得 y=f(x)y=f(x)y=g(x)y=g(x) 的图像在 xyxy 平面内不相交。则 SS 的面积为

Consider the two functions f(x)=x2+2bx+1,g(x)=2a(x+b), \begin{aligned} f(x)&=x^2+2bx+1,\\ g(x)&=2a(x+b), \end{aligned} where the variable xx and the constants aa and bb are real numbers. Each such pair of constants aa and bb may be considered as a point (a,b)(a,b) in an abab-plane. Let SS be the set of such points (a,b)(a,b) for which the graphs of y=f(x)y=f(x) and y=g(x)y=g(x) do not intersect (in the xyxy-plane). The area of SS is

11

π\pi

44

4π4\pi

无穷大

infinite

难度评级:2230
小提示:

f(x)=g(x)f(x)=g(x),并要求所得二次方程没有实根

Set f(x)=g(x)f(x)=g(x) and require the resulting quadratic to have no real roots

大提示:

将判别式为负的条件化简为关于 aabb 的条件

Simplify the negative-discriminant condition in terms of aa and bb

解答:

交点对应于方程的实根:x2+2(ba)x+(12ab)=0 x^2+2(b-a)x+(1-2ab)=0\text{。}没有实根当且仅当其判别式为负:4(ba)24(12ab)=4(a2+b21)<0 \begin{aligned} &4(b-a)^2-4(1-2ab)\\ &=4(a^2+b^2-1)\\ &\lt0 \end{aligned}\text{。}因此 SSabab 平面内单位圆的内部,面积为 π\pi

所以正确答案是 B

Intersections correspond to roots of x2+2(ba)x+(12ab)=0. x^2+2(b-a)x+(1-2ab)=0. There are no real roots exactly when its discriminant is negative: 4(ba)24(12ab)=4(a2+b21)<0. \begin{aligned} &4(b-a)^2-4(1-2ab)\\ &=4(a^2+b^2-1)\\ &\lt0. \end{aligned} Thus SS is the interior of the unit circle in the abab-plane, with area π.\pi.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

23.

在附图中,五个圆依次彼此相切,并且都与直线 L1L_1L2L_2 相切。若最大圆的半径为 1818,最小圆的半径为 88,则中间圆的半径为

In the adjoining figure the five circles are tangent to one another consecutively and to the lines L1L_1 and L2.L_2. If the radius of the largest circle is 1818 and that of the smallest one is 8,8, then the radius of the middle circle is

1212

12.512.5

1313

13.513.5

1414

难度评级:2310
小提示:

任意两个相邻相切圆的图形缩放后形状相同

Every pair of consecutive tangent circles has the same shape after scaling

大提示:

这些半径组成等比数列,所以中间半径的平方等于两个极端半径的乘积

The radii form a geometric sequence, so the middle radius squared is the product of the extremes

解答:

各圆心都位于 L1L_1L2L_2 的角平分线上。任意两个相邻圆的构型都相似,因此相邻半径之比为常数。所以五个半径组成等比数列。若中间半径为 mm,五项等比数列的对称性给出 m2=818m^2=8\cdot18,所以 m=12m=12

所以正确答案是 A

The centers lie on the angle bisector of L1L_1 and L2.L_2. Similarity of the configuration for any two consecutive circles shows that consecutive radii have a constant ratio. Thus the five radii form a geometric sequence. If the middle radius is m,m, symmetry of a five-term geometric sequence gives m2=818,m^2=8\cdot18, so m=12.m=12.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

24.

周长(以厘米计)与面积(以 cm2\text{cm}^2 计)的数值相等的互不全等直角三角形有多少个?

How many non-congruent right triangles are there such that the perimeter in cm and area in cm2\text{cm}^2 are numerically equal?

一个也没有

none

11

22

44

无穷多个

infinitely many

难度评级:2230
小提示:

从任意形状的直角三角形开始,将所有边长缩放 kk

Start with any shape of right triangle and scale all its side lengths by kk

大提示:

缩放后,周长乘以 kk,而面积乘以 k2k^2

Under scaling, perimeter is multiplied by kk while area is multiplied by k2k^2

解答:

从任意一个周长为 PP、面积为 KK 的直角三角形开始。将每条边缩放 k=PKk=\frac{P}{K} 倍后,周长为 kPkP,面积为 k2Kk^2K,两者相等。互不相似的直角三角形形状有无穷多个,所以所得三角形也互不全等。

所以正确答案是 E

Start with any right triangle having perimeter PP and area K.K. Scaling every side by k=PKk=\frac{P}{K} produces perimeter kPkP and area k2K,k^2K, which are equal. Infinitely many nonsimilar right-triangle shapes exist, and the resulting triangles are therefore noncongruent.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

25.

60a=360^a=360b=560^b=5,则 121ab2(1b)12^{\frac{1-a-b}{2(1-b)}}

If 60a=360^a=3 and 60b=5,60^b=5, then 121ab2(1b)12^{\frac{1-a-b}{2(1-b)}} is

3\sqrt3

22

5\sqrt5

33

12\sqrt{12}

难度评级:2310
小提示:

1ab1-a-b1b1-b 表示为以 6060 为底的对数

Express 1ab1-a-b and 1b1-b as base-6060 logarithms

大提示:

利用 1ab=log6041-a-b=\log_{60}41b=log60121-b=\log_{60}12

Use 1ab=log6041-a-b=\log_{60}4 and 1b=log60121-b=\log_{60}12

解答:

由于 a=log603a=\log_{60}3b=log605b=\log_{60}51ab=log606015=log604,1b=log60605=log6012 \begin{aligned} 1-a-b &=\log_{60}\frac{60}{15}=\log_{60}4,\\ 1-b &=\log_{60}\frac{60}{5}=\log_{60}12 \end{aligned}\text{。}因此指数为 12log124\frac12\log_{12}4,且 12(12)log124=4=2 12^{(\frac{1}{2})\log_{12}4}=\sqrt4=2\text{。}

所以正确答案是 B

Since a=log603a=\log_{60}3 and b=log605,b=\log_{60}5, 1ab=log606015=log604,1b=log60605=log6012. \begin{aligned} 1-a-b &=\log_{60}\frac{60}{15}=\log_{60}4,\\ 1-b &=\log_{60}\frac{60}{5}=\log_{60}12. \end{aligned} Therefore the exponent is 12log124,\frac12\log_{12}4, and 12(12)log124=4=2. 12^{(\frac{1}{2})\log_{12}4}=\sqrt4=2.

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

26.

事件 AA 发生的概率为 34\frac34;事件 BB 发生的概率为 23\frac23。令 ppAABB 都发生的概率。必定包含 pp 的最小区间是

The probability that event AA occurs is 34;\frac34; the probability that event BB occurs is 23.\frac23. Let pp be the probability that both AA and BB occur. The smallest interval necessarily containing pp is the interval

[112,12][\frac1{12},\frac12]

[512,12][\frac5{12},\frac12]

[12,23][\frac12,\frac23]

[512,23][\frac5{12},\frac23]

[112,23][\frac1{12},\frac23]

难度评级:2050
小提示:

对事件 AABB 应用容斥原理

Apply inclusion-exclusion to events AA and BB

大提示:

P(AB)P(A\cup B) 限制在 max(P(A),P(B))\max(P(A),P(B))11 之间

Bound P(AB)P(A\cup B) between max(P(A),P(B))\max(P(A),P(B)) and 11

解答:

容斥原理给出 p=P(AB)=34+23P(AB) \begin{aligned} p&=P(A\cap B)\\ &=\frac34+\frac23-P(A\cup B) \end{aligned}\text{。}由于 34P(AB)1\frac{3}{4}\le P(A\cup B)\le1,可得 512p23 \frac5{12}\le p\le\frac23\text{。}两个端点都能取到,所以这是必定成立的最小区间。

所以正确答案是 D

Inclusion-exclusion gives p=P(AB)=34+23P(AB). \begin{aligned} p&=P(A\cap B)\\ &=\frac34+\frac23-P(A\cup B). \end{aligned} Since 34P(AB)1,\frac{3}{4}\le P(A\cup B)\le1, it follows that 512p23. \frac5{12}\le p\le\frac23. Both endpoints can occur, so this is the smallest necessary interval.

Therefore, the correct answer is D.

27.

在一个晴天,一个大球体放在水平地面上。某一时刻,球体的影子从球体与地面的接触点起延伸 1010 米。同一时刻,一根米尺竖直放置,一端接触地面,投下长度为 22 米的影子。该球体的半径是多少米?(假设太阳光线互相平行,并将米尺视为线段。)

A large sphere is on a horizontal field on a sunny day. At a certain time the shadow of the sphere reaches out a distance of 1010 m from the point where the sphere touches the ground. At the same instant a meter stick (held vertically with one end on the ground) casts a shadow of length 22 m. What is the radius of the sphere in meters? (Assume the sun’s rays are parallel and the meter stick is a line segment.)

52\frac52

9459-4\sqrt5

810238\sqrt{10}-23

6156-\sqrt{15}

1052010\sqrt5-20

难度评级:2310
小提示:

在竖直截面中,影子边界处的太阳光线与一个圆相切

In a vertical cross-section, the limiting sun ray is tangent to a circle

大提示:

米尺表明光线每水平前进 22 个单位就竖直上升 11 个单位

The meter stick shows that the ray rises 11 unit for every 22 horizontal units

解答:

以球体与地面的接触点为 (0,0)(0,0),圆心为 (0,r)(0,r)。影子边界处的太阳光线经过影子端点 (10,0)(10,0),斜率为 12-\frac{1}{2},所以方程为 x+2y10=0x+2y-10=0。相切意味着点 (0,r)(0,r) 到这条直线的距离等于 rr102r5=r \frac{10-2r}{\sqrt5}=r\text{。}因此 r=102+5=10520r=\frac{10}{2+\sqrt5}=10\sqrt5-20

所以正确答案是 E

Take the sphere’s ground-contact point as (0,0)(0,0) and its center as (0,r).(0,r). The limiting sun ray passes through the shadow endpoint (10,0)(10,0) and has slope 12,-\frac{1}{2}, so its equation is x+2y10=0.x+2y-10=0. Tangency means the distance from (0,r)(0,r) to this line equals r:r: 102r5=r. \frac{10-2r}{\sqrt5}=r. Hence r=102+5=10520.r=\frac{10}{2+\sqrt5}=10\sqrt5-20.

Therefore, the correct answer is E.

28.

图中的三角形 ABCABC 面积为 1010。互不相同且都不同于 AABBCC 的点 DDEEFF 分别位于边 ABABBCBCCACA 上,并且 AD=2AD=2DB=3DB=3。若三角形 ABEABE 与四边形 DBEFDBEF 的面积相等,则该面积为

Triangle ABCABC in the figure has area 10.10. Points D,D, EE and F,F, all distinct from A,A, BB and C,C, are on sides AB,AB, BCBC and CACA respectively, and AD=2,AD=2, DB=3.DB=3. If triangle ABEABE and quadrilateral DBEFDBEF have equal areas, then that area is

44

55

66

5310\frac53\sqrt{10}

无法唯一确定

not uniquely determined

难度评级:2340
小提示:

DEDE,再从两个相等的面积中消去公共三角形 DBEDBE

Draw DEDE and cancel the common triangle DBEDBE from the equal areas

大提示:

三角形 ADEADEFDEFDE 面积相等,推出 AFDEAF\parallel DE;然后比较三角形 DBEDBEABCABC

Equal areas of ADEADE and FDEFDE imply AFDEAF\parallel DE; then compare triangles DBEDBE and ABCABC

解答:

DEDE。由 [ABE]=[ADE]+[DBE],[DBEF]=[FDE]+[DBE] \begin{aligned} [ABE]&=[ADE]+[DBE],\\ [DBEF]&=[FDE]+[DBE] \end{aligned}\text{,}可知面积相等意味着 [ADE]=[FDE][ADE]=[FDE]。它们共有底 DEDE,所以 AFDEAF\parallel DE,从而三角形 DBEDBEABCABC 相似。因此 BEBC=DBAB=35\frac{BE}{BC}=\frac{DB}{AB}=\frac{3}{5}。三角形 ABEABEABCABC 共有从 AABCBC 的高,所以 [ABE]=(35)[ABC]=6[ABE]=(\frac{3}{5})[ABC]=6

所以正确答案是 C

Draw DE.DE. From [ABE]=[ADE]+[DBE],[DBEF]=[FDE]+[DBE], \begin{aligned} [ABE]&=[ADE]+[DBE],\\ [DBEF]&=[FDE]+[DBE], \end{aligned} equality implies [ADE]=[FDE].[ADE]=[FDE]. Their common base DEDE then gives AFDE,AF\parallel DE, so triangles DBEDBE and ABCABC are similar. Hence BEBC=DBAB=35.\frac{BE}{BC}=\frac{DB}{AB}=\frac{3}{5}. Triangles ABEABE and ABCABC share the altitude from AA to BC,BC, so [ABE]=(35)[ABC]=6.[ABE]=(\frac{3}{5})[ABC]=6.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

29.

PP 与一个给定的边长为 11 的正方形共面。将正方形的顶点按逆时针顺序记为 AABBCCDD。再令 PPAABBCC 的距离分别为 uuvvww。若 u2+v2=w2u^2+v^2=w^2,则 PPDD 的最大可能距离是多少?

A point PP lies in the same plane as a given square of side 1.1. Let the vertices of the square, taken counterclockwise, be A,A, B,B, CC and D.D. Also, let the distances from PP to A,A, BB and C,C, respectively, be u,u, vv and w.w. What is the greatest distance that PP can be from DD if u2+v2=w2?u^2+v^2=w^2?

1+21+\sqrt2

222\sqrt2

2+22+\sqrt2

323\sqrt2

3+23+\sqrt2

难度评级:2310
小提示:

D=(0,0)D=(0,0)A=(1,0)A=(1,0)B=(1,1)B=(1,1)C=(0,1)C=(0,1)

Place D=(0,0),D=(0,0), A=(1,0),A=(1,0), B=(1,1),B=(1,1), and C=(0,1)C=(0,1)

大提示:

P=(x,y)P=(x,y) 代入距离方程并配方

Substitute P=(x,y)P=(x,y) into the distance equation and complete the square

解答:

D=(0,0)D=(0,0)A=(1,0)A=(1,0)B=(1,1)B=(1,1)C=(0,1)C=(0,1),并令 P=(x,y)P=(x,y)。则 (x1)2+y2+(x1)2+(y1)2=x2+(y1)2 \begin{aligned} &(x-1)^2+y^2\\ &\quad+(x-1)^2+(y-1)^2\\ &=x^2+(y-1)^2 \end{aligned}\text{,}化简得 (x2)2+y2=2(x-2)^2+y^2=2。因此 PP 位于一个圆上,该圆的圆心与 DD 相距 22,半径为 2\sqrt2。所以它到 DD 的最大距离为 2+22+\sqrt2

所以正确答案是 C

Place D=(0,0),D=(0,0), A=(1,0),A=(1,0), B=(1,1),B=(1,1), and C=(0,1),C=(0,1), with P=(x,y).P=(x,y). Then (x1)2+y2+(x1)2+(y1)2=x2+(y1)2, \begin{aligned} &(x-1)^2+y^2\\ &\quad+(x-1)^2+(y-1)^2\\ &=x^2+(y-1)^2, \end{aligned} which simplifies to (x2)2+y2=2.(x-2)^2+y^2=2. Thus PP lies on a circle centered 22 units from DD with radius 2.\sqrt2. Its greatest distance from DD is 2+2.2+\sqrt2.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

30.

不同的点 AABB 位于以 MNMN 为直径、CC 为圆心的半圆上。点 PP 位于 CNCN 上,并且 CAP=CBP=10\angle CAP=\angle CBP=10^\circ。若 MA=40\overset{\frown}{MA}=40^\circ,则 BN\overset{\frown}{BN} 等于

Distinct points AA and BB are on a semicircle with diameter MNMN and center C.C. The point PP is on CNCN and CAP=CBP=10.\angle CAP=\angle CBP=10^\circ. If MA=40,\overset{\frown}{MA}=40^\circ, then BN\overset{\frown}{BN} equals

1010^\circ

1515^\circ

2020^\circ

2525^\circ

3030^\circ

难度评级:2430
小提示:

4040^\circ 给出 ACP=140\angle ACP=140^\circ

The 4040^\circ arc gives ACP=140\angle ACP=140^\circ

大提示:

利用 AC=BCAC=BC 和正弦定理比较三角形 ACPACPBCPBCP

Compare triangles ACPACP and BCPBCP using AC=BCAC=BC and the law of sines

解答:

由于 MA=40\overset{\frown}{MA}=40^\circ,所以圆心角 MCA=40\angle MCA=40^\circ,从而 ACP=140\angle ACP=140^\circ。于是 APC=180140\angle APC=180^\circ-140^\circ 10=30{}-10^\circ=30^\circ。在三角形 ACPACPBCPBCP 中应用正弦定理,并利用 AC=BCAC=BC,得到 sinBPC=sin30\sin\angle BPC=\sin30^\circ。由于 AABB 不同,所以 BPC=150\angle BPC=150^\circ。因此 BCN=18015010=20 \begin{aligned} \angle BCN &=180^\circ-150^\circ-10^\circ\\ &=20^\circ \end{aligned}\text{,}所以 BN=20\overset{\frown}{BN}=20^\circ

所以正确答案是 C

Since MA=40,\overset{\frown}{MA}=40^\circ, the central angle MCA=40,\angle MCA=40^\circ, so ACP=140.\angle ACP=140^\circ. Hence APC=180140\angle APC=180^\circ-140^\circ10=30.{}-10^\circ=30^\circ. Applying the law of sines in triangles ACPACP and BCP,BCP, and using AC=BC,AC=BC, gives sinBPC=sin30.\sin\angle BPC=\sin30^\circ. Because AA and BB are distinct, BPC=150.\angle BPC=150^\circ. Therefore BCN=18015010=20, \begin{aligned} \angle BCN &=180^\circ-150^\circ-10^\circ\\ &=20^\circ, \end{aligned} so BN=20.\overset{\frown}{BN}=20^\circ.

Therefore, the correct answer is C.