2003 AMC 10A 详解

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

1.

20032003 个正偶数的和与前 20032003 个正奇数的和相差多少?

What is the difference between the sum of the first 20032003 even counting numbers and the sum of the first 20032003 odd counting numbers?

00

11

22

20032003

40064006

知识点:求和配对与分组
难度评级:860
小提示:

将每个偶数与它前面的那个奇数配对。

Pair each even number with the odd number just below it

大提示:

20032003 对中的每一对都贡献差 11

Each of the 20032003 pairs contributes a difference of 11

解答:

kk 个正偶数 2k2k 正好比第 kk 个正奇数 2k12k-111

20032003 对求和,差为 20031=20032003 \cdot 1 = 2003

所以正确答案是 D

The kkth even number 2k2k is exactly 11 more than the kkth odd number 2k1.2k-1.

Summing this difference over all 20032003 pairs gives 20031=2003.2003 \cdot 1 = 2003.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

2.

罗克汉姆足球联赛的成员购买袜子和 T 恤。袜子每双 $4\$4,每件 T 恤比一双袜子贵 $5\$5。每位成员主场比赛需要一双袜子和一件 T 恤,客场比赛也需要一双袜子和一件 T 恤。如果总费用为 $2366\$2366,联盟共有多少名成员?

Members of the Rockham Soccer League buy socks and T-shirts. Socks cost $4\$4 per pair and each T-shirt costs $5\$5 more than a pair of socks. Each member needs one pair of socks and a shirt for home games and another pair of socks and a shirt for away games. If the total cost is $2366,\$2366, how many members are in the League?

7777

9191

143143

182182

286286

知识点:钱币比与比例
难度评级:1050
小提示:

一件 T 恤价格为 $4+$5=$9\$4 + \$5 = \$9

A T-shirt costs $4+$5=$9\$4 + \$5 = \$9

大提示:

每位成员需要两双袜子和两件 T 恤。

Each member needs two pairs of socks and two shirts

解答:

每件 T 恤价格为 $4+$5=$9\$4 + \$5 = \$9

每位成员需要两双袜子和两件 T 恤,费用为 24+29=$262 \cdot 4 + 2 \cdot 9 = \$26

成员数为 2366÷26=912366 \div 26 = 91

所以正确答案是 B

Each T-shirt costs $4+$5=$9.\$4 + \$5 = \$9.

Each member needs two pairs of socks and two shirts, costing 24+29=$26.2 \cdot 4 + 2 \cdot 9 = \$26.

The number of members is 2366÷26=91.2366 \div 26 = 91.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

3.

一个实心长方体盒子的尺寸为 1515 厘米、1010 厘米、88 厘米。从这个盒子的每个角切去一个边长 33 厘米的立方体,形成一个新的立体。原体积的百分之多少被切去?

A solid box is 1515 cm by 1010 cm by 88 cm. A new solid is formed by removing a cube 33 cm on a side from each corner of this box. What percent of the original volume is removed?

4.54.5

99

1212

1818

2424

难度评级:1050
小提示:

每个被切去的立方体体积是 333^3

Each removed cube has volume 333^3

大提示:

88 个角,原长方体体积为 1510815 \cdot 10 \cdot 8

There are 88 corners, and the original volume is 1510815 \cdot 10 \cdot 8

解答:

被切去的八个立方体总体积为 833=2168 \cdot 3^3 = 216 立方厘米。

原盒子体积为 15108=120015 \cdot 10 \cdot 8 = 1200 立方厘米。

切去的百分比为 2161200100%=18%\dfrac{216}{1200} \cdot 100\% = 18\%

所以正确答案是 D

The eight removed cubes have total volume 833=2168 \cdot 3^3 = 216 cubic centimeters.

The original box has volume 15108=120015 \cdot 10 \cdot 8 = 1200 cubic centimeters.

The percent removed is 2161200100%=18%.\dfrac{216}{1200} \cdot 100\% = 18\%.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

4.

玛丽从家到学校上坡走 11 千米需要 3030 分钟,但沿同一路线从学校回家只需 1010 分钟。她往返全程的平均速度是多少千米每小时?

It takes Mary 3030 minutes to walk uphill 11 km from her home to school, but it takes her only 1010 minutes to walk from school to home along the same route. What is her average speed, in km/hr, for the round trip?

33

3.1253.125

3.53.5

44

4.54.5

难度评级:1130
小提示:

平均速度是总路程除以总时间,不是两个速度的平均。

Average speed is total distance divided by total time, not the average of the two speeds

大提示:

她用 30+10=4030 + 10 = 40 分钟走了 22 千米。

She covers 22 km in 30+10=4030 + 10 = 40 minutes

解答:

玛丽总共走了 22 千米,用时 30+10=4030 + 10 = 40 分钟。

因为 4040 分钟是 23\dfrac{2}{3} 小时,平均速度为 2÷23=32 \div \dfrac{2}{3} = 3 千米每小时。

所以正确答案是 A

Mary walks a total of 22 km in 30+10=4030 + 10 = 40 minutes.

Since 4040 minutes is 23\dfrac{2}{3} hour, her average speed is 2÷23=32 \div \dfrac{2}{3} = 3 km/hr.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

5.

ddee 是方程 2x2+3x5=02x^2 + 3x - 5 = 0 的解。求 (d1)(e1)(d - 1)(e - 1)

Let dd and ee denote the solutions of 2x2+3x5=0.2x^2 + 3x - 5 = 0. What is the value of (d1)(e1)?(d - 1)(e - 1)?

52-\dfrac{5}{2}

00

33

55

66

难度评级:1200
小提示:

(d1)(e1)(d-1)(e-1) 展开,并用 d+ed+edede 表示

Expand (d1)(e1)(d-1)(e-1) in terms of d+ed+e and dede

大提示:

使用韦达定理,不必求根就能得到 d+ed+edede

Use Vieta’s formulas to find d+ed+e and dede without solving for the roots

解答:

因式分解得 2x2+3x5=(2x+5)(x1)2x^2 + 3x - 5 = (2x + 5)(x - 1),所以两个根为 52-\dfrac{5}{2}11

因为一个根等于 11,所以 d1d-1e1e-1 这两个因子中有一个等于 00,乘积为 00

所以正确答案是 B

Factoring gives 2x2+3x5=(2x+5)(x1),2x^2 + 3x - 5 = (2x + 5)(x - 1), so the roots are 52-\dfrac{5}{2} and 1.1.

Since one root equals 1,1, one of the two factors d1d-1 and e1e-1 equals 0,0, making the product 0.0.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

6.

对所有实数 xxyy,定义 xyx \heartsuit yxy|x - y|。下列哪一项不正确?

Define xyx \heartsuit y to be xy|x - y| for all real numbers xx and y.y. Which of the following statements is not true?

对所有 xxyyxy=yxx \heartsuit y = y \heartsuit x

xy=yxx \heartsuit y = y \heartsuit x for all xx and yy

对所有 xxyy2(xy)=(2x)(2y)2(x \heartsuit y) = (2x) \heartsuit (2y)

2(xy)=(2x)(2y)2(x \heartsuit y) = (2x) \heartsuit (2y) for all xx and yy

对所有 xxx0=xx \heartsuit 0 = x

x0=xx \heartsuit 0 = x for all xx

对所有 xxxx=0x \heartsuit x = 0

xx=0x \heartsuit x = 0 for all xx

xyx \ne y,则 xy>0x \heartsuit y \gt 0

xy>0x \heartsuit y \gt 0 if xyx \ne y

难度评级:1200
小提示:

xy=xyx \heartsuit y = |x-y| 重写每个陈述。

Rewrite each statement using xy=xyx \heartsuit y = |x-y|

大提示:

当一个输入为 00、另一个输入为负数时,要特别留意。

Pay special attention when one input is 00 and the other is negative

解答:

选项 C 声称 x0=xx \heartsuit 0 = x,但 x0=x0=xx \heartsuit 0 = |x - 0| = |x|,当 xx 为负数时不成立。例如 10=11-1 \heartsuit 0 = 1 \ne -1

其他选项都直接来自绝对值的性质。

所以正确答案是 C

Statement (C) claims x0=x,x \heartsuit 0 = x, but x0=x0=x,x \heartsuit 0 = |x - 0| = |x|, which fails for negative x.x. For example, 10=11.-1 \heartsuit 0 = 1 \ne -1.

The remaining statements all follow directly from the properties of absolute value.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

7.

周长为 77、边长均为整数的互不全等三角形有多少个?

How many non-congruent triangles with perimeter 77 have integer side lengths?

11

22

33

44

55

难度评级:1250
小提示:

三条边是和为 77 的正整数。

The three sides are positive integers summing to 77

大提示:

最长边必须小于 3.53.5,所以最多为 33

The longest side must be less than 3.5,3.5, so it is at most 33

解答:

最长边不能超过 33,否则另外两边之和不能大于它。

可行的边长只有 113333222233,因此共有 22 个三角形。

所以正确答案是 B

The longest side cannot exceed 3,3, since otherwise the other two sides could not reach it.

The only possibilities are side lengths 1,1, 3,3, 33 and 2,2, 2,2, 3,3, giving 22 triangles.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

8.

6060 的正因数中随机抽取一个,它小于 77 的概率是多少?

What is the probability that a randomly drawn positive factor of 6060 is less than 7?7?

110\dfrac{1}{10}

16\dfrac{1}{6}

14\dfrac{1}{4}

13\dfrac{1}{3}

12\dfrac{1}{2}

知识点:因数基本概率
难度评级:1250
小提示:

列出 6060 的所有正因数。

List all positive divisors of 6060

大提示:

数一数 1212 个因数中有多少个小于 77

Count how many of the 1212 divisors are less than 77

解答:

6060 的因数为 112233445566101012121515202030306060

其中十二个因数有六个小于 77,所以概率为 612=12\dfrac{6}{12} = \dfrac{1}{2}

所以正确答案是 E

The factors of 6060 are 1,1, 2,2, 3,3, 4,4, 5,5, 6,6, 10,10, 12,12, 15,15, 20,20, 30,30, and 60.60.

Six of these twelve factors are less than 7,7, so the probability is 612=12.\dfrac{6}{12} = \dfrac{1}{2}.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

9.

化简 xxxx333\sqrt[3]{x\sqrt[3]{x\sqrt[3]{x\sqrt{x}}}}\text{。}

Simplify xxxx333.\sqrt[3]{x\sqrt[3]{x\sqrt[3]{x\sqrt{x}}}}.

x\sqrt{x}

x23\sqrt[3]{x^2}

x227\sqrt[27]{x^2}

x54\sqrt[54]{x}

x8081\sqrt[81]{x^{80}}

知识点:根式指数
难度评级:1350
小提示:

从内向外,用分数指数重写每个根式。

Rewrite each radical using fractional exponents, working from the inside out

大提示:

最内层是 xx=x32x\sqrt{x} = x^{\frac{3}{2}},每次开立方都会把指数除以 33

The innermost xx=x32,x\sqrt{x} = x^{\frac{3}{2}}, and each cube root divides the exponent by 33

解答:

从内向外计算,xx=x32x\sqrt{x} = x^{\frac{3}{2}},它的立方根为 x12x^{\frac{1}{2}}

接着 xx12=x32x \cdot x^{\frac{1}{2}} = x^{\frac{3}{2}},它的立方根仍为 x12x^{\frac{1}{2}}

于是下一层又是 xx12=x32x \cdot x^{\frac{1}{2}} = x^{\frac{3}{2}},开立方后仍为 x12=xx^{\frac{1}{2}} = \sqrt{x}

所以正确答案是 A

Working outward, xx=x32,x\sqrt{x} = x^{\frac{3}{2}}, and its cube root is x12.x^{\frac{1}{2}}.

Then xx12=x32,x \cdot x^{\frac{1}{2}} = x^{\frac{3}{2}}, whose cube root is again x12.x^{\frac{1}{2}}.

Repeating once more, xx12=x32,x \cdot x^{\frac{1}{2}} = x^{\frac{3}{2}}, whose cube root is x12=x.x^{\frac{1}{2}} = \sqrt{x}.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

10.

图中实线围成的多边形由 44 个全等正方形边对边连接而成。现在在标出的九个位置之一,沿一条边再接上一个全等正方形。所得九个多边形中,有多少个可以折成一个缺少一个面的立方体?

The polygon enclosed by the solid lines in the figure consists of 44 congruent squares joined edge-to-edge. One more congruent square is attached to an edge at one of the nine positions indicated. How many of the nine resulting polygons can be folded to form a cube with one face missing?

22

33

44

55

66

难度评级:1410
小提示:

原来的四个正方形可以折成一个立方体的四个侧面。

The four squares already wrap into four side faces of a cube

大提示:

第五个正方形必须折到剩下两个面之一,且不能覆盖已经有的面。

The fifth square must fold up as one of the two remaining faces without landing on a face already covered

解答:

先折起四个阴影正方形。它们占据立方体的四个不同面,留下两个空面。

逐一检查标号位置:位置 112233 会使新正方形折到已被阴影正方形占据的面上。位置 445566778899 会使它折到两个空面之一。因此 99 个多边形中恰有 66 个可行。

所以正确答案是 E

Fold the four shaded squares first. They occupy four distinct faces of the cube, leaving two faces open.

Checking the numbered attachments, positions 1,1, 2,2, and 33 fold the new square onto a face already occupied by one of the shaded squares. Positions 4,4, 5,5, 6,6, 7,7, 8,8, and 99 fold it onto one of the two open faces. Therefore exactly 66 of the 99 polygons work.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

11.

两个 55 位数 AMC10AMC10AMC12AMC12 的和是 123422123422。求 A+M+CA + M + C

The sum of the two 55-digit numbers AMC10AMC10 and AMC12AMC12 is 123422.123422. What is A+M+C?A + M + C?

1010

1111

1212

1313

1414

知识点:数字谜位值
难度评级:1310
小提示:

将每个数写成 100AMC100 \cdot \overline{AMC} 加上最后两位。

Write each number as 100AMC100 \cdot \overline{AMC} plus its last two digits

大提示:

它们的和为 200AMC+22=123422200 \cdot \overline{AMC} + 22 = 123422

Their sum is 200AMC+22=123422200 \cdot \overline{AMC} + 22 = 123422

解答:

两个数分别为 100AMC+10100 \cdot \overline{AMC} + 10100AMC+12100 \cdot \overline{AMC} + 12,所以 200AMC+22=123422200 \cdot \overline{AMC} + 22 = 123422

所以 200AMC=123400200 \cdot \overline{AMC} = 123400AMC=617\overline{AMC} = 617

A+M+C=6+1+7=14A + M + C = 6 + 1 + 7 = 14

所以正确答案是 E

The two numbers equal 100AMC+10100 \cdot \overline{AMC} + 10 and 100AMC+12,100 \cdot \overline{AMC} + 12, so their sum is 200AMC+22=123422.200 \cdot \overline{AMC} + 22 = 123422.

Then 200AMC=123400,200 \cdot \overline{AMC} = 123400, so AMC=617.\overline{AMC} = 617.

Therefore A+M+C=6+1+7=14.A + M + C = 6 + 1 + 7 = 14.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

12.

从顶点为 (0,0)(0, 0)(4,0)(4, 0)(4,1)(4, 1)(0,1)(0, 1) 的长方形内部随机选一点 (x,y)(x, y)。满足 x<yx \lt y 的概率是多少?

A point (x,y)(x, y) is randomly picked from inside the rectangle with vertices (0,0),(0, 0), (4,0),(4, 0), (4,1),(4, 1), and (0,1).(0, 1). What is the probability that x<y?x \lt y?

18\dfrac{1}{8}

14\dfrac{1}{4}

38\dfrac{3}{8}

12\dfrac{1}{2}

34\dfrac{3}{4}

难度评级:1410
小提示:

有利区域在直线 y=xy = x 的上方。

The favorable region lies above the line y=xy = x

大提示:

在长方形内,这个区域是一个两条直角边长都为 11 的三角形。

Within the rectangle, that region is a triangle with legs of length 11

解答:

条件 x<yx \lt y 对应由 y=xy = xy=1y = 1x=0x = 0 围成的三角形,顶点为 (0,0)(0, 0)(0,1)(0, 1)(1,1)(1, 1)

这个三角形面积为 12\dfrac{1}{2},长方形面积为 44

概率为 124=18\dfrac{\frac{1}{2}}{4} = \dfrac{1}{8}

所以正确答案是 A

The condition x<yx \lt y holds in the triangle bounded by y=x,y = x, y=1,y = 1, and x=0,x = 0, which has vertices (0,0),(0, 0), (0,1),(0, 1), and (1,1).(1, 1).

This triangle has area 12,\dfrac{1}{2}, while the rectangle has area 4.4.

The probability is 124=18.\dfrac{\frac{1}{2}}{4} = \dfrac{1}{8}.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

13.

三个数的和为 2020。第一个数是另外两个数之和的 44 倍。第二个数是第三个数的七倍。三个数的乘积是多少?

The sum of three numbers is 20.20. The first is 44 times the sum of the other two. The second is seven times the third. What is the product of all three?

2828

4040

100100

400400

800800

知识点:方程组换元法
难度评级:1310
小提示:

设第三个数为 cc;则第二个数为 7c7c

Let the third number be c;c; then the second is 7c7c

大提示:

第一个数等于 4(b+c)4(b + c),所以 4(b+c)+(b+c)=204(b + c) + (b + c) = 20

The first number equals 4(b+c),4(b + c), so 4(b+c)+(b+c)=204(b + c) + (b + c) = 20

解答:

设三个数为 aabbcc。由于 a=4(b+c)a = 4(b + c),可得 4(b+c)+(b+c)=204(b + c) + (b + c) = 20,所以 b+c=4b + c = 4,且 a=16a = 16

因为 b=7cb = 7c,所以 7c+c=47c + c = 4,得 c=12c = \dfrac{1}{2}b=72b = \dfrac{7}{2}

乘积为 167212=2816 \cdot \dfrac{7}{2} \cdot \dfrac{1}{2} = 28

所以正确答案是 A

Let the numbers be a,a, b,b, c.c. Since a=4(b+c),a = 4(b + c), we get 4(b+c)+(b+c)=20,4(b + c) + (b + c) = 20, so b+c=4b + c = 4 and a=16.a = 16.

With b=7c,b = 7c, we have 7c+c=4,7c + c = 4, so c=12c = \dfrac{1}{2} and b=72.b = \dfrac{7}{2}.

The product is 167212=28.16 \cdot \dfrac{7}{2} \cdot \dfrac{1}{2} = 28.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

14.

nn 是最大的整数,正好是 33 个不同质数 ddee10d+e10d + e 的乘积,其中 ddee 是一位数字。求 nn 的各位数字之和。

Let nn be the largest integer that is the product of exactly 33 distinct prime numbers, d,d, e,e, and 10d+e,10d + e, where dd and ee are single digits. What is the sum of the digits of n?n?

1212

1515

1818

2121

2424

难度评级:1500
小提示:

一位质数为 22335577,并且 10d+e10d + e 也必须是质数。

The single-digit primes are 2,2, 3,3, 5,5, 7,7, and 10d+e10d + e must also be prime

大提示:

dd 从大到小检验候选数对,舍去使 10d+e10d+e 为合数的数对。

Test candidate pairs in descending order of d,d, discarding any pair for which 10d+e10d+e is composite

解答:

ddee 是集合 {2,3,5,7}\{2,3,5,7\} 中两个不同的元素,而且 10d+e10d+e 也必须是质数。

从最大的十位数字开始。若 d=7d=7,取 e=5e=5e=2e=2 分别得到合数 75757272,而取 e=3e=3 得到质数 7373。于是 n=7373=1533n=7\cdot3\cdot73=1533

d=5d=5,取 e=7e=7e=2e=2 分别得到合数 57575252,而取 e=3e=3 只能得到 5353=7955\cdot3\cdot53=795。所有 d3d\le3 的情况都不超过 3737=7773\cdot7\cdot37=777。所以 15331533 是最大的有效值。

它的各位数字之和为 1+5+3+3=121 + 5 + 3 + 3 = 12

所以正确答案是 A

Both dd and ee are distinct members of {2,3,5,7},\{2,3,5,7\}, and 10d+e10d+e must also be prime.

Start with the largest possible tens digit. For d=7,d=7, the choices e=5e=5 and e=2e=2 give the composite numbers 7575 and 72,72, while e=3e=3 gives the prime 73.73. This produces n=7373=1533.n=7\cdot3\cdot73=1533.

For d=5,d=5, the choices e=7e=7 and e=2e=2 give the composite numbers 5757 and 52,52, while e=3e=3 gives only 5353=795.5\cdot3\cdot53=795. Every case with d3d\le3 is at most 3737=777.3\cdot7\cdot37=777. Hence 15331533 is the largest valid value.

The sum of its digits is 1+5+3+3=12.1 + 5 + 3 + 3 = 12.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

15.

从集合 {1,2,3,,100}\{1, 2, 3, \ldots, 100\} 中随机选一个整数,它能被 22 整除但不能被 33 整除的概率是多少?

What is the probability that an integer in the set {1,2,3,,100}\{1, 2, 3, \ldots, 100\} is divisible by 22 and not divisible by 3?3?

16\dfrac{1}{6}

33100\dfrac{33}{100}

1750\dfrac{17}{50}

12\dfrac{1}{2}

1825\dfrac{18}{25}

难度评级:1310
小提示:

先数 22 的倍数,再去掉同时能被 33 整除的数。

Count the multiples of 2,2, then remove those also divisible by 33

大提示:

5050 个偶数和 161666 的倍数。

There are 5050 even numbers and 1616 multiples of 66

解答:

100100 个整数中有 5050 个能被 22 整除。

其中同时能被 33 整除的是 66 的倍数,共 1616 个。

因此符合条件的数有 5016=3450 - 16 = 34 个,概率为 34100=1750\dfrac{34}{100} = \dfrac{17}{50}

所以正确答案是 C

Of the 100100 integers, 5050 are divisible by 2.2.

Among those, the ones also divisible by 33 are the multiples of 6,6, of which there are 16.16.

So 5016=3450 - 16 = 34 qualify, giving probability 34100=1750.\dfrac{34}{100} = \dfrac{17}{50}.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

16.

13200313^{2003} 的个位数字是多少?

What is the units digit of 132003?13^{2003}?

11

33

77

88

99

难度评级:1350
小提示:

13n13^n 的个位数字与 3n3^n 的个位数字相同。

The units digit of 13n13^n equals the units digit of 3n3^n

大提示:

33 的幂的个位数字按 33997711 循环,周期为 44

Units digits of powers of 33 cycle 3,3, 9,9, 7,7, 11 with period 44

解答:

13200313^{2003} 的个位数字等同于 320033^{2003} 的个位数字。

33 的幂个位数字按 33997711 循环,周期为 44

因为 2003=4500+32003 = 4 \cdot 500 + 3,所以个位数字是循环中的第三个,即 77

所以正确答案是 C

The units digit of 13200313^{2003} matches that of 32003.3^{2003}.

Powers of 33 have units digits cycling 3,3, 9,9, 7,7, 11 with period 4.4.

Since 2003=4500+3,2003 = 4 \cdot 500 + 3, the units digit is the third in the cycle, which is 7.7.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

17.

一个等边三角形周长的英寸数等于其外接圆面积的平方英寸数。这个圆的半径是多少英寸?

The number of inches in the perimeter of an equilateral triangle equals the number of square inches in the area of its circumscribed circle. What is the radius, in inches, of the circle?

32π\dfrac{3\sqrt{2}}{\pi}

33π\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{\pi}

3\sqrt{3}

6π\dfrac{6}{\pi}

3π\sqrt{3}\pi

难度评级:1600
小提示:

等边三角形边长为 ss 时,外接圆半径为 R=s3R = \dfrac{s}{\sqrt{3}}

For an equilateral triangle of side s,s, the circumradius is R=s3R = \dfrac{s}{\sqrt{3}}

大提示:

令周长 3s3s 等于面积 πR2\pi R^2,再代入 s=R3s = R\sqrt{3}

Set the perimeter 3s3s equal to the area πR2,\pi R^2, then substitute s=R3s = R\sqrt{3}

解答:

设边长为 ss,外接圆半径为 RR。由等边三角形中的 3030-6060-9090 三角形,R=s3R = \dfrac{s}{\sqrt{3}},所以 s=R3s = R\sqrt{3}

周长为 3s=3R33s = 3R\sqrt{3},圆面积为 πR2\pi R^2

令二者相等,3R3=πR23R\sqrt{3} = \pi R^2,所以 R=33πR = \dfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{\pi}

所以正确答案是 B

Let the side length be ss and the circumradius be R.R. From a 3030-6060-9090 triangle formed by the center and a side, R=s3,R = \dfrac{s}{\sqrt{3}}, so s=R3.s = R\sqrt{3}.

The perimeter is 3s=3R33s = 3R\sqrt{3} and the circle’s area is πR2.\pi R^2.

Setting them equal, 3R3=πR2,3R\sqrt{3} = \pi R^2, so R=33π.R = \dfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{\pi}.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

18.

下面方程的各根倒数之和是多少? 20032004x+1+1x=0\dfrac{2003}{2004}x + 1 + \dfrac{1}{x} = 0\text{?}

What is the sum of the reciprocals of the roots of the equation 20032004x+1+1x=0?\dfrac{2003}{2004}x + 1 + \dfrac{1}{x} = 0?

20042003-\dfrac{2004}{2003}

1-1

20032004\dfrac{2003}{2004}

11

20042003\dfrac{2004}{2003}

难度评级:1440
小提示:

两边乘以 xx,得到二次方程 ax2+x+1=0ax^2 + x + 1 = 0,其中 a=20032004a = \dfrac{2003}{2004}

Multiply through by xx to get a quadratic ax2+x+1=0ax^2 + x + 1 = 0 with a=20032004a = \dfrac{2003}{2004}

大提示:

若两根分别为 rrss,倒数和为 r+srs\dfrac{r + s}{rs};由韦达定理 r+s=1ar + s = -\dfrac{1}{a}rs=1ars = \dfrac{1}{a}

If the roots are rr and s,s, their reciprocal sum is r+srs,\dfrac{r + s}{rs}, and by Vieta r+s=1a,r + s = -\dfrac{1}{a}, rs=1ars = \dfrac{1}{a}

解答:

a=20032004a = \dfrac{2003}{2004}。两边乘以 xx,得 ax2+x+1=0ax^2 + x + 1 = 0

若根为 rrss,则由韦达定理 r+s=1ar + s = -\dfrac{1}{a},且 rs=1ars = \dfrac{1}{a}

倒数和为 1r+1s=r+srs=1a1a=1\dfrac{1}{r} + \dfrac{1}{s} = \dfrac{r + s}{rs} = \dfrac{-\frac{1}{a}}{\frac{1}{a}} = -1

所以正确答案是 B

Let a=20032004.a = \dfrac{2003}{2004}. Multiplying the equation by xx gives ax2+x+1=0.ax^2 + x + 1 = 0.

If the roots are rr and s,s, then by Vieta’s formulas r+s=1ar + s = -\dfrac{1}{a} and rs=1a.rs = \dfrac{1}{a}.

The sum of reciprocals is 1r+1s=r+srs=1a1a=1.\dfrac{1}{r} + \dfrac{1}{s} = \dfrac{r + s}{rs} = \dfrac{-\frac{1}{a}}{\frac{1}{a}} = -1.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

19.

一个直径为 11 的半圆位于一个直径为 22 的半圆顶部,如图所示。位于较小半圆内部且位于较大半圆外部的阴影区域称为弓月形。求这个弓月形的面积。

A semicircle of diameter 11 sits at the top of a semicircle of diameter 2,2, as shown. The shaded area inside the smaller semicircle and outside the larger semicircle is called a lune. Determine the area of this lune.

16π34\dfrac{1}{6}\pi - \dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{4}

34112π\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{4} - \dfrac{1}{12}\pi

34124π\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{4} - \dfrac{1}{24}\pi

34+124π\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{4} + \dfrac{1}{24}\pi

34+112π\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{4} + \dfrac{1}{12}\pi

难度评级:1660
小提示:

这个弓月形等于一个三角形加小半圆,再减去大圆的一个扇形。

The lune equals a triangle plus the small semicircle, minus a sector of the large circle

大提示:

长度为 11 的弦在大半圆所在圆中对应 6060^\circ 的弧。

The chord of length 11 subtends a 6060^\circ arc of the large semicircle

解答:

小半圆的直径是大圆中的一条长为 11 的弦。将这条弦的两端与大圆圆心相连,得到边长为 11 的等边三角形,面积为 34\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{4}

弦与小弧之间的区域连同这个三角形,面积为 34+12π(12)2=34+π8\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{4} + \dfrac{1}{2}\pi\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2 = \dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{4} + \dfrac{\pi}{8}

减去大圆中 6060^\circ 扇形面积 16π(1)2=π6\dfrac{1}{6}\pi(1)^2 = \dfrac{\pi}{6},得到弓月形面积为 34+π8π6=34π24\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{4} + \dfrac{\pi}{8} - \dfrac{\pi}{6} = \dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{4} - \dfrac{\pi}{24}

所以正确答案是 C

The small semicircle’s diameter is a chord of length 11 in the large circle. Joining its endpoints to the large circle’s center gives an equilateral triangle of side 11 and area 34.\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{4}.

The region between the chord and the small arc, taken together with that triangle, has area 34+12π(12)2=34+π8.\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{4} + \dfrac{1}{2}\pi\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2 = \dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{4} + \dfrac{\pi}{8}.

Subtracting the 6060^\circ sector of the large circle, of area 16π(1)2=π6,\dfrac{1}{6}\pi(1)^2 = \dfrac{\pi}{6}, leaves the lune: 34+π8π6=34π24.\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{4} + \dfrac{\pi}{8} - \dfrac{\pi}{6} = \dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{4} - \dfrac{\pi}{24}.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

20.

随机选择一个 1010 进制三位数 nn。下列哪个数最接近这样的概率:nn99 进制表示和 1111 进制表示都是三位数?

A base-1010 three-digit number nn is selected at random. Which of the following is closest to the probability that the base-99 representation and the base-1111 representation of nn are both three-digit numerals?

0.30.3

0.40.4

0.50.5

0.60.6

0.70.7

难度评级:1660
小提示:

一个数在 99 进制中是三位数当且仅当 81n72881 \le n \le 728,在 1111 进制中是三位数当且仅当 121n1330121 \le n \le 1330

A number is three-digit in base 99 when 81n728,81 \le n \le 728, and three-digit in base 1111 when 121n1330121 \le n \le 1330

大提示:

9009001010 进制三位数中,数出满足 121n728121 \le n \le 728 的个数。

Among the 900900 three-digit base-1010 numbers, count those with 121n728121 \le n \le 728

解答:

最大的 99 进制三位数是 931=7289^3 - 1 = 728,最小的 1111 进制三位数是 112=12111^2 = 121

所以两种表示都为三位数当且仅当 121n728121 \le n \le 728,共有 608608 个整数。

全部三位数共有 900900 个,概率为 6089000.7\dfrac{608}{900} \approx 0.7

所以正确答案是 E

The largest three-digit base-99 number is 931=728,9^3 - 1 = 728, and the smallest three-digit base-1111 number is 112=121.11^2 = 121.

So both conditions hold exactly when 121n728,121 \le n \le 728, giving 608608 integers.

Out of 900900 three-digit numbers, the probability is 6089000.7.\dfrac{608}{900} \approx 0.7.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

21.

帕特要从一个盘子中选择六块饼干,盘子里只有巧克力豆、燕麦和花生酱三种饼干,且每种至少有六块。可以选出多少种不同的六块饼干组合?

Pat is to select six cookies from a tray containing only chocolate chip, oatmeal, and peanut butter cookies. There are at least six of each of these three kinds of cookies on the tray. How many different assortments of six cookies can be selected?

2222

2525

2727

2828

729729

知识点:隔板法
难度评级:1600
小提示:

数非负整数解 a+b+c=6a + b + c = 6 的个数。

Count the nonnegative integer solutions to a+b+c=6a + b + c = 6

大提示:

由插板法,个数是 (6+22)\dbinom{6 + 2}{2}

By stars and bars this is (6+22)\dbinom{6 + 2}{2}

解答:

一种组合由三种饼干各取多少块决定,所以要数 a+b+c=6a + b + c = 6 的非负整数解。

由插板法,在 88 个位置中放 22 个隔板,个数为 (82)=28\dbinom{8}{2} = 28

所以正确答案是 D

An assortment is determined by how many of each type are chosen, so we count nonnegative integer solutions to a+b+c=6.a + b + c = 6.

By stars and bars, placing 22 dividers among 88 slots gives (82)=28\dbinom{8}{2} = 28 assortments.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

22.

在长方形 ABCDABCD 中,AB=8AB = 8BC=9BC = 9。点 HHBC\overline{BC} 上且 BH=6BH = 6,点 EEADAD 上且 DE=4DE = 4。直线 ECEC 与直线 AHAH 交于 GG,点 FF 在直线 ADAD 上且 GFAF\overline{GF} \perp \overline{AF}。求 GF\overline{GF} 的长度。

In rectangle ABCD,ABCD, we have AB=8,AB = 8, BC=9,BC = 9, HH is on BC\overline{BC} with BH=6,BH = 6, EE is on ADAD with DE=4,DE = 4, line ECEC intersects line AHAH at G,G, and FF is on line ADAD with GFAF.\overline{GF} \perp \overline{AF}. Find the length GF.\overline{GF}.

1616

2020

2424

2828

3030

难度评级:1800
小提示:

DD 放在原点,AA 放在正 xx 轴上。

Place DD at the origin with AA on the positive xx-axis

大提示:

求直线 AHAHECEC 的交点;GF\overline{GF} 是点 GG 到直线 ADAD 的高度。

Find where line AHAH and line ECEC meet, then GF\overline{GF} is the height of GG above line ADAD

解答:

取坐标 D=(0,0)D = (0, 0)A=(9,0)A = (9, 0)B=(9,8)B = (9, 8)C=(0,8)C = (0, 8)H=(3,8)H = (3, 8)E=(4,0)E = (4, 0)

直线 AHAH 的方程为 y=43x+12y = -\dfrac{4}{3}x + 12,直线 ECEC 的方程为 y=2x+8y = -2x + 8

联立得 x=6x = -6y=20y = 20,所以 G=(6,20)G = (-6, 20)。因为 GF\overline{GF} 垂直于直线 ADAD,也就是垂直于 xx 轴,所以其长度就是高度 2020

所以正确答案是 B

Place D=(0,0),D = (0, 0), A=(9,0),A = (9, 0), B=(9,8),B = (9, 8), C=(0,8),C = (0, 8), H=(3,8),H = (3, 8), and E=(4,0).E = (4, 0).

Line AHAH has equation y=43x+12,y = -\dfrac{4}{3}x + 12, and line ECEC has equation y=2x+8.y = -2x + 8.

Setting them equal gives x=6x = -6 and y=20,y = 20, so G=(6,20).G = (-6, 20). Since GF\overline{GF} is perpendicular to line ADAD (the xx-axis), its length is the height 20.20.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

23.

用牙签排成若干行小等边三角形,从而构成一个大等边三角形。例如图中有 33 行全等小等边三角形,底行有 55 个小三角形。如果大等边三角形的底行由 20032003 个小等边三角形组成,需要多少根牙签?

A large equilateral triangle is constructed by using toothpicks to create rows of small equilateral triangles. For example, in the figure we have 33 rows of small congruent equilateral triangles, with 55 small triangles in the base row. How many toothpicks would be needed to construct a large equilateral triangle if the base row of the triangle consists of 20032003 small equilateral triangles?

1,004,0041{,}004{,}004

1,005,0061{,}005{,}006

1,507,5091{,}507{,}509

3,015,0183{,}015{,}018

6,021,0186{,}021{,}018

知识点:求和找规律
难度评级:1730
小提示:

底行有 20032003 个小三角形意味着 2n1=20032n - 1 = 2003,其中 nn 是行数。

A base row of 20032003 small triangles means 2n1=2003,2n - 1 = 2003, so there are nn rows

大提示:

kk 行需要 3k3k 根牙签,所以总数为 3(1+2++n)3(1 + 2 + \cdots + n)

Row kk needs 3k3k toothpicks, so the total is 3(1+2++n)3(1 + 2 + \cdots + n)

解答:

nn 行时,底行小三角形个数为 2n12n - 1,所以 2n1=20032n - 1 = 2003,得 n=1002n = 1002

kk 行需要 3k3k 根牙签,所以总数为 3(1+2++1002)3(1 + 2 + \cdots + 1002)

这等于 3100210032=1,507,5093 \cdot \dfrac{1002 \cdot 1003}{2} = 1{,}507{,}509

所以正确答案是 C

A triangle with nn rows has 2n12n - 1 small triangles in its base row, so 2n1=20032n - 1 = 2003 gives n=1002.n = 1002.

Each row kk requires 3k3k toothpicks, so the total is 3(1+2++1002).3(1 + 2 + \cdots + 1002).

This equals 3100210032=1,507,509.3 \cdot \dfrac{1002 \cdot 1003}{2} = 1{,}507{,}509.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

24.

莎莉有五张红牌,编号为 1155,还有四张蓝牌,编号为 3366。她把这些牌叠成一列,使颜色交替,并且每张红牌上的数都能整除相邻蓝牌上的数。中间三张牌上的数之和是多少?

Sally has five red cards numbered 11 through 55 and four blue cards numbered 33 through 6.6. She stacks the cards so that the colors alternate and so that the number on each red card divides evenly into the number on each neighboring blue card. What is the sum of the numbers on the middle three cards?

88

99

1010

1111

1212

难度评级:1840
小提示:

先看每张红牌可能与哪些蓝牌相邻,因为红牌数字必须整除蓝牌数字。

Consider which blue cards each red card can neighbor, since the red number must divide the blue number

大提示:

44 和红 55 各自只能整除一张蓝牌,这会迫使它们在牌列两端。

Red 44 and red 55 each divide only one blue card, forcing the ends of the stack

解答:

在蓝牌 33445566 中,红 55 只能整除 55,红 44 只能整除 44,所以这些配对必须位于两端。

22 只能整除 4466,红 33 只能整除 3366。继续连接会迫使牌列为 R4R4B4B4R2R2B6B6R3R3B3B3R1R1B5B5R5R5

中间三张是 B6B6R3R3B3B3,和为 6+3+3=126 + 3 + 3 = 12

所以正确答案是 E

Among blue cards 3,3, 4,4, 5,5, 6,6, red 55 divides only 55 and red 44 divides only 4,4, so those pairs must sit at the ends.

Red 22 divides only 44 and 6,6, and red 33 divides only 33 and 6.6. Chaining these forces the stack R4,R4, B4,B4, R2,R2, B6,B6, R3,R3, B3,B3, R1,R1, B5,B5, R5.R5.

The middle three cards are B6,B6, R3,R3, B3,B3, summing to 6+3+3=12.6 + 3 + 3 = 12.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

25.

nn55 位数,nn 除以 100100 时的商和余数分别为 qqrr。有多少个 nn 满足 q+rq + r 能被 1111 整除?

Let nn be a 55-digit number, and let qq and rr be the quotient and remainder, respectively, when nn is divided by 100.100. For how many values of nn is q+rq + r divisible by 11?11?

81808180

81818181

81828182

90009000

90909090

难度评级:2070
小提示:

写成 n=100q+rn = 100q + r,所以 n=(q+r)+99qn = (q + r) + 99q

Write n=100q+r,n = 100q + r, so n=(q+r)+99qn = (q + r) + 99q

大提示:

因为 99q99q 能被 1111 整除,所以 q+rq + r 能被 1111 整除当且仅当 nn 也能被整除。

Since 99q99q is divisible by 11,11, q+rq + r is divisible by 1111 exactly when nn is

解答:

写成 n=100q+r=(q+r)+99qn = 100q + r = (q + r) + 99q

因为 99q99q1111 的倍数,所以 q+rq + r 能被 1111 整除当且仅当 nn 也能被整除。

55 位数中,1111 的倍数满足 10000n9999910000 \le n \le 99999,共有

9999911999911=9090909=8181 \begin{aligned} &\left\lfloor\dfrac{99999}{11}\right\rfloor - \left\lfloor\dfrac{9999}{11}\right\rfloor \\ &= 9090 - 909 \\ &= 8181 \end{aligned}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 B

Write n=100q+r=(q+r)+99q.n = 100q + r = (q + r) + 99q.

Since 99q99q is a multiple of 11,11, q+rq + r is divisible by 1111 if and only if nn is.

The 55-digit multiples of 1111 satisfy 10000n99999,10000 \le n \le 99999, and there are

9999911999911=9090909=8181. \begin{aligned} &\left\lfloor\dfrac{99999}{11}\right\rfloor - \left\lfloor\dfrac{9999}{11}\right\rfloor \\ &= 9090 - 909 \\ &= 8181. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is B.