2000 AMC 8 真题

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1.

Anna 阿姨 4242 岁。Caitlin 比 Brianna 小 55 岁,而 Brianna 的年龄是 Anna 阿姨的一半。Caitlin 几岁?

Aunt Anna is 4242 years old. Caitlin is 55 years younger than Brianna, and Brianna is half as old as Aunt Anna. How old is Caitlin?

1515

1616

1717

2121

3737

答案:B
知识点:年龄问题
难度评级:370
小提示:

先求 Brianna 的年龄。

Find Brianna’s age first

大提示:

Caitlin 比 Brianna 小 55 岁。

Caitlin is 55 years younger than Brianna

解答:

Brianna 的年龄是 42÷2=2142 \div 2 = 21 岁。因此 Caitlin 是 215=1621 - 5 = 16 岁。

所以正确答案是 B

Brianna is 42÷2=2142 \div 2 = 21 years old. Caitlin is therefore 215=1621 - 5 = 16 years old.

Thus, B is the correct answer.

2.

下列哪个数小于它的倒数?

Which of these numbers is less than its reciprocal?

2-2

1-1

00

11

22

答案:A
知识点:不等式
难度评级:450
小提示:

检查 00 是否有倒数。

Check whether 00 has a reciprocal

大提示:

比较 2-212-\frac{1}{2}

Compare 2-2 with 12-\frac{1}{2}

解答:

00 没有倒数,111-1 的倒数都是它们本身。

22 的倒数是 12\frac{1}{2},但 22 不小于 12\frac{1}{2}

因为 2<12-2 < -\frac 12,所以 2-2 是唯一小于其倒数的选项。

所以正确答案是 A

00 has no reciprocal, and 11 and 1-1 are their own reciprocals.

The reciprocal of 22 is 12,\frac{1}{2}, but 22 is not less than 12.\frac{1}{2}.

Therefore, as 2<12,-2 < -\frac 12, we know that 2-2 is the only one of the answer choices that is less than its reciprocal.

Thus, A is the correct answer.

3.

53\frac{5}{3}2π2\pi 之间有多少个整数?

How many whole numbers lie in the interval between 53\frac{5}{3} and 2π?2\pi?

22

33

44

55

无限多个

infinitely many

答案:D
难度评级:660
小提示:

判断 53\frac{5}{3}2π2\pi 分别位于哪些整数之间。

Locate 53\frac{5}{3} and 2π2\pi between whole numbers

大提示:

只数严格位于区间内部的整数。

Count the whole numbers strictly inside the interval

解答:

大于 53\frac{5}{3} 的最小整数是 22。小于 2π2\pi 的最大整数是 66

在这个范围内的整数是 2,3,4,5,6 2, 3, 4, 5, 6\text{。}

所以正确答案是 D

The smallest whole number greater than 53\frac{5}{3} is 2.2. The greatest whole number less than 2π2\pi is 6.6.

The whole numbers within this range are 2,3,4,5,6. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

Thus, D is the correct answer.

4.

19601960 年,卡林市只有 5%5\% 的在职成年人在家工作。到 19701970 年,在家工作的劳动力增加到 8%8\%19801980 年约有 15%15\% 在家工作,19901990 年有 30%30\%。最能表示这些数据的图是

In 19601960 only 5%5\% of the working adults in Carlin City worked at home. By 19701970 the “at-home” work force had increased to 8%.8\%. In 19801980 there were approximately 15%15\% working at home, and in 19901990 there were 30%.30\%. The graph that best illustrates this is

答案:E
难度评级:660
小提示:

将四个百分比与四个年份对应起来。

Match the four percentages to the four years

大提示:

图上的数值应从大约 55 上升到 3030

The plotted values should rise from about 55 to 3030

解答:

唯一显示所有数据点的图是图 E

所以正确答案是 E

The only graph that shows all the data points is graph E .

Thus, E is the correct answer.

5.

Lincoln High School 的每位校长任期恰好为 33 年。在一段 88 年期间,这所学校最多可能有多少位校长?

Each principal of Lincoln High School serves exactly one 33-year term. What is the maximum number of principals this school could have during an 88-year period?

22

33

44

55

88

答案:C
知识点:最优化
难度评级:770
小提示:

让这段 88 年期从某位校长任期的最后一年开始。

Let the 88-year window start at the end of a term

大提示:

一位校长可以只在这段 88 年期内任职一部分时间。

A principal can appear for only part of the 88-year period

解答:

为了让校长人数最多,假设这段时间的第一年是某位校长任期的最后一年。

接着可以有 22 位校长完成接下来的 66 年,然后再有一位校长任最后一年。

总共是 44 位校长。

所以正确答案是 C

To maximize the number of principals, assume that the first year of this period is the final year of some principal’s term.

Then, there can be 22 more principals for 66 years, followed by another principal who works the final year.

This is 44 principals.

Thus, C is the correct answer.

6.

图形 ABCDABCD 是一个正方形。在这个正方形内画了三个较小的正方形,其边长如图所示。阴影的 L 形区域面积是

Figure ABCDABCD is a square. Inside this square three smaller squares are drawn with side lengths as labeled. The area of the shaded L-shaped region is

77

1010

12.512.5

1414

1515

答案:A
难度评级:870
小提示:

把阴影 L 形分成矩形。

Break the shaded L into rectangles

大提示:

也可以用一个 4×44\times4 正方形减去一个 3×33\times3 正方形。

A 4×44\times4 square minus a 3×33\times3 square also works

解答:

可以从大正方形中减去上方的单位正方形、右下角的单位正方形,以及右上方的 4×44 \times 4 正方形。

ABCDABCD 的阴影面积为 5221242=7 5^2 - 2 \cdot 1^2 - 4^2 = 7\text{。}

所以正确答案是 A

We can subtract out the areas of the top unit square, the bottom right unit square, and the top right 4×44 \times 4 square.

The shaded area in ABCDABCD is therefore 5221242=7. 5^2 - 2 \cdot 1^2 - 4^2 = 7.

Thus, A is the correct answer.

7.

从下面的集合中取三个不同的数,它们的乘积最小可能是多少?这个集合是 {8,6,4,0,3,5,7}\{-8,-6,-4,0,3,5,7\}\text{。}

What is the minimum possible product of three different numbers of the set {8,6,4,0,3,5,7}?\{-8,-6,-4,0,3,5,7\}?

336-336

280-280

210-210

192-192

00

答案:B
难度评级:940
小提示:

负乘积需要奇数个负因数。

A negative product needs an odd number of negative factors

大提示:

比较三个负数相乘和一个负数配两个正数相乘的情况。

Compare using three negatives versus one negative and two positives

解答:

负乘积可能来自三个负因数,也可能来自一个负因数和两个正因数。

选三个负因数时,最小乘积为 864=192 -8 \cdot -6 \cdot -4 = -192\text{。}选一个负因数时,应选最小的负数和最大的两个正数,得到 857=280 -8 \cdot 5 \cdot 7 = -280\text{。}因为 280<192-280<-192,所以最小可能乘积是 280-280

所以正确答案是 B

A negative product comes either from three negative factors or from one negative factor and two positive factors.

With three negative factors, the minimum is 864=192. -8 \cdot -6 \cdot -4 = -192. With one negative factor, use the most negative number and the two largest positive numbers to get 857=280. -8 \cdot 5 \cdot 7 = -280. Since 280<192,-280<-192, the minimum possible product is 280.-280.

Thus, B is the correct answer.

8.

三个面上编号为 1166 的骰子如图堆叠。十八个面中有七个面可见,剩下十一个面被隐藏(背面、底面、相接面)。从这个视角看不到的点数总和是

Three dice with faces numbered 11 through 66 are stacked as shown. Seven of the eighteen faces are visible, leaving eleven faces hidden (back, bottom, between). The total number of dots NOT visible in this view is

2121

2222

3131

4141

5353

答案:D
知识点:补集计数
难度评级:960
小提示:

每个骰子的总点数是 2121

Each die has 2121 total dots

大提示:

从三个骰子的总点数中减去可见点数。

Subtract the visible dots from the total on all three dice

解答:

一个骰子各面的点数和为 1+2+3+4+5+6=21 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 = 21\text{。}因此 33 个骰子的总点数是 321=633 \cdot 21 = 63

可见点数之和为 1+1+2+3+4+5+6=22 1 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 = 22\text{。}所以不可见点数之和是 6322=4163 - 22 = 41

所以正确答案是 D

The sum of the numbers on one die is 1+2+3+4+5+6=21. 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 = 21. Therefore, the sum of the numbers on all 33 dice is 321=63.3 \cdot 21 = 63.

The visible numbers add up to 1+1+2+3+4+5+6=22. 1 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 = 22. This makes the sum of the unseen numbers 6322=41.63 - 22 = 41.

Thus, D is the correct answer.

9.

这个“数字填字”题中使用了三位数的 22 的幂和 55 的幂。带框方格中唯一可能的数字是什么?横向纵向2. 2m1. 5n\begin{array}{lcl} \textbf{\text{横向}} & & \textbf{\text{纵向}} \\ \textbf{2. } 2^m & & \textbf{1. } 5^n \end{array}

Three-digit powers of 22 and 55 are used in this “cross-number” puzzle. What is the only possible digit for the outlined square? ACROSSDOWN2. 2m1. 5n\begin{array}{lcl} \textbf{\text{ACROSS}} & & \textbf{\text{DOWN}} \\ \textbf{2. } 2^m & & \textbf{1. } 5^n \end{array}

00

22

44

66

88

答案:D
知识点:数字系统列举
难度评级:1020
小提示:

列出三位数的 55 的幂。

List the three-digit powers of 55

大提示:

横向条目是以 22 开头的三位数 22 的幂。

The across entry is a three-digit power of 22 starting with 22

解答:

33 位数的 55 的幂只有 125125625625。这说明标为 22 的位置填的是 22

唯一的 33 位数且以 22 开头的 22 的幂是 256256,所以带框方格填 66

所以正确答案是 D

The only 33-digit powers of 55 are 125125 and 625.625. This means that the 22 spot is filled with a 2.2.

The only 33-digit power of 22 beginning with a 22 is 256,256, so the outlined square is filled with a 6.6.

Thus, D is the correct answer.

10.

Ara 和 Shea 曾经一样高。此后 Shea 长高了 20%20\%,而 Ara 长高的英寸数是 Shea 的一半。Shea 现在高 6060 英寸。Ara 现在高多少英寸?

Ara and Shea were once the same height. Since then Shea has grown 20%20\% while Ara has grown half as many inches as Shea. Shea is now 6060 inches tall. How tall, in inches, is Ara now?

4848

5151

5252

5454

5555

答案:E
难度评级:1070
小提示:

由 Shea 现在的身高求出原来的共同身高。

Recover the original common height from Shea’s new height

大提示:

Ara 长高的英寸数是 Shea 的一半。

Ara grew half as many inches as Shea

解答:

设 Ara 和 Shea 原来的身高为 xx。则 1.2x=60x=50 \begin{align*} 1.2x &= 60 \\ x &= 50 \end{align*}\text{。}

Shea 长高了 1010 英寸,所以 Ara 长高了 10÷2=510 \div 2 = 5 英寸,她现在高 50+5=5550 + 5 = 55 英寸。

所以正确答案是 E

Let xx be Ara and Shea’s initial height. Then we get that 1.2x=60x=50. \begin{align*} 1.2x &= 60 \\ x &= 50. \end{align*}

This means that Shea grew 1010 inches, which means that Ara grew 10÷2=510 \div 2 = 5 inches, making her 50+5=5550 + 5 = 55 inches tall.

Thus, E is the correct answer.

11.

6464 有一个性质:它能被自己的个位数字整除。10105050 之间有多少个整数具有这个性质?

The number 6464 has the property that it is divisible by its unit digit. How many whole numbers between 1010 and 5050 have this property?

1515

1616

1717

1818

2020

答案:C
难度评级:1140
小提示:

按个位数字分组。

Group numbers by their units digit

大提示:

记住以 00 结尾的数不行。

Remember numbers ending in 00 do not work

解答:

112255 结尾的数都满足条件,分别为 11112121313141411212222232324242;以及 1515252535354545。这共有 1212 个数。

其余满足条件的数是 24243333363644444848。以 00 结尾的数不行,因为除以 00 没有定义。

因此共有 12+5=1712+5=17 个这样的数。

所以正确答案是 C

Numbers ending in 1,1, 2,2, or 55 all work in the lists 11,11, 21,21, 31,31, and 41;41; 12,12, 22,22, 32,32, and 42;42; and 15,15, 25,25, 35,35, and 45.45. This gives 1212 numbers.

The remaining working numbers are 24,24, 33,33, 36,36, 44,44, and 48.48. Numbers ending in 00 do not work because division by 00 is undefined.

Thus there are 12+5=1712+5=17 such numbers.

Thus, C is the correct answer.

12.

要建造一面长 100100 英尺、高 77 英尺的砌块墙,使用的砌块高 11 英尺,长度可以是 22 英尺或 11 英尺(不得切割砌块)。砌块的竖缝必须如图所示错开,且墙两端必须齐平。建造这面墙最少需要多少块砌块?

A block wall 100100 feet long and 77 feet high will be constructed using blocks that are 11 foot high and either 22 feet long or 11 foot long (no blocks may be cut). The vertical joins in the blocks must be staggered as shown, and the wall must be even on the ends. What is the smallest number of blocks needed to build this wall?

344344

347347

350350

353353

356356

答案:D
知识点:最优化
难度评级:1220
小提示:

从全部使用 22 英尺砌块开始考虑。

Start with all 22-foot blocks

大提示:

为了错开竖缝,只需每隔一行多用砌块。

Only every other row needs an extra block to stagger joins

解答:

墙共有 77 行,每行高 11 英尺。

为了使用最少砌块,第 11335577 行可采用图中底行的模式,每行需要 5050 块砌块。

224466 行采用图中上行的模式,中间有 494922 英尺砌块,两端各有一块 11 英尺砌块,共 5151 块砌块。

445050 块和 335151 块相加,得到 450+351=200+153=3534 \cdot 50 + 3 \cdot 51 = 200 + 153 = 353 块砌块。

所以正确答案是 D

The total number of rows in the wall is 7,7, with each row being 11 foot high.

To use the minimum number of bricks, rows 1,1, 3,3, 5,5, and 77 will have the same pattern as the bottom row in the picture, which requires 5050 bricks to construct.

Rows 2,2, 4,4, and 66 will have the same pattern as the upper row in the picture, which has 4949 22-foot bricks in the middle and one 11-foot brick on each end, for a total of 5151 bricks.

When you add up 44 rows of 5050 bricks and 33 rows of 5151 bricks, you get a total of 450+351=200+153=3534 \cdot 50 + 3 \cdot 51 = 200 + 153 = 353 bricks.

Thus, D is the correct answer.

13.

在三角形 CATCAT 中,ACT=ATC\angle ACT =\angle ATC,且 CAT=36\angle CAT = 36^\circ。如果 TR\overline{TR} 平分 ATC\angle ATC,那么 CRT=\angle CRT =

In triangle CAT,CAT, we have ACT=ATC\angle ACT =\angle ATC and CAT=36.\angle CAT = 36^\circ. If TR\overline{TR} bisects ATC,\angle ATC, then CRT=\angle CRT =

1616^\circ

5151^\circ

7272^\circ

9090^\circ

108108^\circ

答案:C
知识点:导角角平分线
难度评级:1220
小提示:

先求 CAT\triangle CAT 中两个相等的底角。

First find the two equal base angles of CAT\triangle CAT

大提示:

使用 TT 处的角平分线。

Use the angle bisector at TT

解答:

我们有 CAT+ATC+ACT=18036+2ATC=180ATC=72 \begin{aligned} \angle CAT + \angle ATC \\ \quad {}+ \angle ACT &= 180 \\ 36 + 2 \cdot \angle ATC &= 180 \\ \angle ATC &= 72^{\circ} \end{aligned}\text{。}

因为该角被平分,所以 RTC=72÷2=36\angle RTC = 72 \div 2 = 36^{\circ}\text{。}

最后,RTC+TCR+CRT=18036+72+CRT=180CRT=72 \begin{aligned} \angle RTC + \angle TCR \\ \quad {}+ \angle CRT &= 180 \\ 36 + 72 + \angle CRT &= 180 \\ \angle CRT &= 72^{\circ} \end{aligned}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 C

We get CAT+ATC+ACT=18036+2ATC=180ATC=72. \begin{aligned} \angle CAT + \angle ATC \\ \quad {}+ \angle ACT &= 180 \\ 36 + 2 \cdot \angle ATC &= 180 \\ \angle ATC &= 72^{\circ}. \end{aligned}

Due to bisection, we also know that RTC=72÷2=36.\angle RTC = 72 \div 2 = 36^{\circ}.

Finally, we see that RTC+TCR+CRT=18036+72+CRT=180CRT=72. \begin{aligned} \angle RTC + \angle TCR \\ \quad {}+ \angle CRT &= 180 \\ 36 + 72 + \angle CRT &= 180 \\ \angle CRT &= 72^{\circ}. \end{aligned}

Thus, C is the correct answer.

14.

1919+999919^{19} + 99^{99} 的个位数字是多少?

What is the units digit of 1919+9999?19^{19} + 99^{99}?

00

11

22

88

99

答案:D
难度评级:1180
小提示:

只需要考虑个位数字。

Only the units digit matters

大提示:

99 结尾的数的奇次幂以 99 结尾。

Odd powers of a number ending in 99 end in 99

解答:

幂的个位数字只取决于底数的个位数字。

观察可知,99 的偶次幂个位是 11,奇次幂个位是 99

因此 191919^{19} 个位是 99999999^{99} 个位也是 99。相加后的个位为 88

所以正确答案是 D

Note that the units digit of a power depends only upon the units digit of the base.

Experimenting, we get that 99 to an even power ends with a 11 and to an odd power ends with a 9.9.

Therefore, 191919^{19} ends with a 99 and 999999^{99} also ends with a 9.9. Adding them together yields a number that ends in 8.8.

Thus, D is the correct answer.

15.

三角形 ABCABCADEADEEFGEFG 都是等边三角形。点 DDGG 分别是 AC\overline{AC}AE\overline{AE} 的中点。如果 AB=4AB = 4,图形 ABCDEFGABCDEFG 的周长是多少?

Triangles ABC,ABC, ADE,ADE, and EFGEFG are all equilateral. Points DD and GG are midpoints of AC\overline{AC} and AE,\overline{AE}, respectively. If AB=4,AB = 4, what is the perimeter of figure ABCDEFG?ABCDEFG?

1212

1313

1515

1818

2121

答案:C
难度评级:1330
小提示:

利用中点信息求较小等边三角形的边长。

Use the midpoint information to find smaller equilateral side lengths

大提示:

只相加外边界上的长度。

Add the outside boundary lengths only

解答:

大等边三角形边长为 44,中等边三角形边长为 22,小等边三角形边长为 11

周长为 CB+CD+DE+EF+FG+GA+AB=4+4+2+2+1+1+1=15 \begin{gather*} CB + CD + DE + EF \\ {}+ FG + GA + AB \\ = 4 + 4 + 2 + 2 + 1 \\ + 1 + 1 = 15 \end{gather*}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 C

The large equilateral triangle has side length 4,4, the middle one has side length 2,2, and the smaller one has side length 1.1.

The perimeter is therefore CB+CD+DE+EF+FG+GA+AB=4+4+2+2+1+1+1=15. \begin{gather*} CB + CD + DE + EF \\ {}+ FG + GA + AB \\ = 4 + 4 + 2 + 2 + 1 \\ + 1 + 1 = 15. \end{gather*}

Thus, C is the correct answer.

16.

为了在他的长方形后院里走一千米(10001000 米),Mateen 必须沿着长走 2525 次,或者沿着周长走 1010 次。Mateen 后院的面积是多少平方米?

In order for Mateen to walk a kilometer (10001000 meters) in his rectangular backyard, he must walk the length 2525 times or walk its perimeter 1010 times. What is the area of Mateen’s backyard in square meters?

4040

200200

400400

500500

10001000

答案:C
知识点:周长面积
难度评级:1350
小提示:

后院的长来自走 2525 次的距离。

The length comes from walking it 2525 times

大提示:

周长来自走 1010 次的距离。

The perimeter comes from walking it 1010 times

解答:

长为 1000÷25=401000 \div 25 = 40 米,周长为 1000÷10=1001000 \div 10 = 100 米。

周长是长与宽之和的 22 倍。

因此宽为 100÷240=10100 \div 2 - 40 = 10 米,面积为 4010=40040 \cdot 10 = 400 平方米。

所以正确答案是 C

We can see that the length is 1000÷25=401000 \div 25 = 40 meters, and the perimeter is 1000÷10=1001000 \div 10 = 100 meters.

Note that the perimeter is 22 times the sum of the length and width.

This means that the width is 100÷240=10100 \div 2 - 40 = 10 meters, and the area is 4010=40040 \cdot 10 = 400 square meters.

Thus, C is the correct answer.

17.

对所有非零数,运算 \otimes 定义为 ab=a2ba\otimes b =\dfrac{a^{2}}{b}\text{。}

[(12)3][1(23)][(1\otimes 2)\otimes 3]-[1\otimes (2\otimes 3)]\text{。}

The operation \otimes is defined for all nonzero numbers by ab=a2b.a\otimes b =\dfrac{a^{2}}{b}.

Determine [(12)3][1(23)].[(1\otimes 2)\otimes 3]-[1\otimes (2\otimes 3)].

23-\dfrac{2}{3}

14-\dfrac{1}{4}

00

14\dfrac{1}{4}

23\dfrac{2}{3}

答案:A
难度评级:1410
小提示:

从内到外计算每个 \otimes 表达式。

Evaluate each \otimes expression from the inside out

大提示:

保留括号;这个运算不满足结合律。

Keep the parentheses; the operation is not associative

解答:

计算如下:[(12)3][1(23)]=[1223][1223]=[123][143]=(12)2312(43)=141334=11234=23 \begin{gather*} [(1\otimes 2)\otimes 3]-[1\otimes (2\otimes 3)] \\ = [\dfrac{1^2}{2} \otimes 3] - [1 \otimes \dfrac{2^2}{3}] \\ = [\dfrac{1}{2} \otimes 3] - [1 \otimes \dfrac{4}{3}] \\ = \dfrac{(\frac{1}{2})^2}{3} - \dfrac{1^2}{(\frac{4}{3})} \\ = \dfrac{1}{4} \cdot \dfrac{1}{3} - \dfrac{3}{4} \\ = \dfrac{1}{12} - \dfrac{3}{4} \\= -\dfrac{2}{3} \end{gather*}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 A

We can calculate it as follows. [(12)3][1(23)]=[1223][1223]=[123][143]=(12)2312(43)=141334=11234=23. \begin{gather*} [(1\otimes 2)\otimes 3]-[1\otimes (2\otimes 3)] \\ = [\dfrac{1^2}{2} \otimes 3] - [1 \otimes \dfrac{2^2}{3}] \\ = [\dfrac{1}{2} \otimes 3] - [1 \otimes \dfrac{4}{3}] \\ = \dfrac{(\frac{1}{2})^2}{3} - \dfrac{1^2}{(\frac{4}{3})} \\ = \dfrac{1}{4} \cdot \dfrac{1}{3} - \dfrac{3}{4} \\ = \dfrac{1}{12} - \dfrac{3}{4} \\= -\dfrac{2}{3}. \end{gather*}

Thus, A is the correct answer.

18.

考虑这两个钉板四边形。下列哪一项正确?

Consider these two geoboard quadrilaterals. Which of the following statements is true?

四边形 II 的面积大于四边形 IIII 的面积。

The area of quadrilateral II is more than the area of quadrilateral II.II.

四边形 II 的面积小于四边形 IIII 的面积。

The area of quadrilateral II is less than the area of quadrilateral II.II.

两个四边形面积相同,周长也相同。

The quadrilaterals have the same area and the same perimeter.

两个四边形面积相同,但 II 的周长大于 IIII 的周长。

The quadrilaterals have the same area, but the perimeter of II is more than the perimeter of II.II.

两个四边形面积相同,但 II 的周长小于 IIII 的周长。

The quadrilaterals have the same area, but the perimeter of II is less than the perimeter of II.II.

答案:E
知识点:面积周长格点
难度评级:1470
小提示:

将两个四边形都分解成单位直角三角形。

Decompose both quadrilaterals into unit right triangles

大提示:

计算每个四边形四条边的长度。

Compute all four side lengths of each quadrilateral

解答:

假设这个网格上相邻钉点相距 11 个单位。

区域 II 是底为 11、高为 11 的平行四边形,所以面积为 11=11 \cdot 1 = 1

区域 IIII 可以分成 22 个三角形,每个底为 11、高为 11。面积总和为 21211=1 2 \cdot \dfrac{1}{2} \cdot 1 \cdot 1 = 1\text{。}因此两个区域面积相同。

每个区域都有 22 条长度为 2\sqrt{2} 的边。区域 II22 条单位边,而区域 IIII 只有 11 条单位边。

区域 IIII 的另一条边显然大于 11,所以区域 IIII 的周长更大。

所以正确答案是 E

Assume that the pegs on this grid are separated by 11 unit.

Note that region II is a parallelogram with base 11 and height 1,1, making its area 11=1.1 \cdot 1 = 1.

We can split region IIII into 22 triangles, both with base 11 and height 1.1. This makes the sum of the areas 21211=1. 2 \cdot \dfrac{1}{2} \cdot 1 \cdot 1 = 1. This shows that both regions have the same area.

Note that each region has 22 sides that are of length 2.\sqrt{2}. Region II has 22 unit sides, whereas region IIII only has 1.1.

The other side of region IIII is clearly greater than 1,1, which shows that region IIII has the greater perimeter.

Thus, E is the correct answer.

19.

半径为 55 个单位的三段圆弧围成了图示区域。弧 ABABADAD 是四分之一圆,弧 BCDBCD 是半圆。这个区域的面积是多少平方单位?

Three circular arcs of radius 55 units bound the region shown. Arcs ABAB and ADAD are quarter-circles, and arc BCDBCD is a semicircle. What is the area, in square units, of the region?

2525

10+5π10+5\pi

5050

50+5π50+5\pi

25π25\pi

答案:C
难度评级:1460
小提示:

移动弯曲部分,拼成一个矩形。

Move the curved pieces to make a rectangle

大提示:

重排后的矩形尺寸是 551010

The rearranged rectangle has dimensions 55 and 1010

解答:

如下图,作一个覆盖图形下半部分的矩形。

于是 [ABCD]=[ABD]+[BCD] [ABCD] = [ABD] + [BCD]\text{。}

还知道 [ABD]=[BDEF][ABE] [ABD] = [BDEF] - [ABE][ADF] - [ADF]\text{。}

ABEABEADFADF 都是四分之一圆,它们合起来形成一个半圆,面积与 BCDBCD 相同。

因此 [ABD]=[BDEF][BCD] [ABD] = [BDEF] - [BCD] 并且 [ABCD]=[BCD]+[BDEF] [ABCD] = [BCD] + [BDEF][BCD] - [BCD] =[BDEF]=105=50 = [BDEF] = 10 \cdot 5 = 50\text{。}

所以正确答案是 C

Create a rectangle that covers the bottom half of the figure as shown below.

Then, we get that [ABCD]=[ABD]+[BCD]. [ABCD] = [ABD] + [BCD].

We also know that [ABD]=[BDEF][ABE] [ABD] = [BDEF] - [ABE][ADF]. - [ADF].

ABEABE and ADFADF are both quarter-circles that form a semicircle with the same area as BCD.BCD.

This means that [ABD]=[BDEF][BCD] [ABD] = [BDEF] - [BCD] and [ABCD]=[BCD]+[BDEF] [ABCD] = [BCD] + [BDEF][BCD] - [BCD] =[BDEF]=105=50. = [BDEF] = 10 \cdot 5 = 50.

Thus, C is the correct answer.

20.

你有九枚硬币:包括一美分硬币、五美分硬币、十美分硬币和二十五美分硬币,总价值为 $1.02\$1.02,且每种硬币至少有一枚。你必须有多少枚十美分硬币?

You have nine coins: a collection of pennies, nickels, dimes, and quarters having a total value of $1.02,\$1.02, with at least one coin of each type. How many dimes must you have?

11

22

33

44

55

答案:A
难度评级:1560
小提示:

用模 55 的分值确定一美分硬币的数量。

Use cents modulo 55 to find the number of pennies

大提示:

去掉一美分硬币后,再求五美分硬币、十美分硬币和二十五美分硬币的数量。

After the pennies, solve for nickels, dimes, and quarters

解答:

一美分硬币的数量必须与 10210255 的余数相同,所以可能有 22 枚或 77 枚一美分硬币。如果有七枚,只剩两枚硬币给五美分硬币、十美分硬币和二十五美分硬币,不可能每种至少一枚。

所以有 22 枚一美分硬币。剩下 77 枚硬币价值 100100 分。设五美分硬币、十美分硬币和二十五美分硬币的数量分别为 nnddqq,则 n+d+q=7n+d+q=7,且 5n+10d+25q=1005n+10d+25q=100

将价值方程除以 55,再减去硬币数量方程,得到 d+4q=13d+4q=13。唯一正整数解是 q=3q=3d=1d=1n=3n=3

因此必须有 11 枚十美分硬币。

所以正确答案是 A

The number of pennies must have the same remainder as 102102 modulo 5,5, so there are either 22 or 77 pennies. Seven pennies would leave only two coins for nickels, dimes, and quarters, impossible because at least one of each type is needed.

So there are 22 pennies. The remaining 77 coins are worth 100100 cents. If n,n, d,d, and qq are the numbers of nickels, dimes, and quarters, then n+d+q=7n+d+q=7 and 5n+10d+25q=100.5n+10d+25q=100.

Dividing the value equation by 55 and subtracting the coin-count equation gives d+4q=13.d+4q=13. The only positive solution is q=3,q=3, d=1,d=1, and n=3.n=3.

Thus there must be 11 dime.

Thus, A is the correct answer.

21.

Keiko 抛一枚一美分硬币,Ephraim 抛两枚一美分硬币。Ephraim 得到的正面数与 Keiko 得到的正面数相同的概率是

Keiko tosses one penny and Ephraim tosses two pennies. The probability that Ephraim gets the same number of heads that Keiko gets is

14\dfrac{1}{4}

38\dfrac{3}{8}

12\dfrac{1}{2}

23\dfrac{2}{3}

34\dfrac{3}{4}

答案:B
难度评级:1480
小提示:

列出 Keiko 的结果和 Ephraim 两枚一美分硬币的结果。

List Keiko’s result and Ephraim’s two-coin result

大提示:

在等可能结果中数正面总数相同的情况。

Count matching head totals among the equally likely outcomes

解答:

若记录 Keiko 的硬币和 Ephraim 的两枚硬币,共有 88 个等可能结果。

如果 Keiko 得到正面,Ephraim 必须恰好得到一个正面,这有 22 种结果。如果 Keiko 得到反面,Ephraim 必须没有正面,这有 11 种结果。

所以有 33 个满足条件的结果,共有 88 个等可能结果,所求概率为 38\dfrac{3}{8}

所以正确答案是 B

There are 88 equally likely outcomes if we record Keiko’s coin and Ephraim’s two coins.

If Keiko gets heads, Ephraim must get exactly one head; this happens in 22 outcomes. If Keiko gets tails, Ephraim must get no heads; this happens in 11 outcome.

So 33 of the 88 equally likely outcomes work, and the probability is 38.\dfrac{3}{8}.

Thus, B is the correct answer.

22.

一个立方体的棱长为 22。现在把一个棱长为 11 的立方体粘在大立方体的上方,使它的一个面完全贴在大立方体的上表面上。从原立方体到新形成的立体,其表面积(侧面、顶面和底面)的百分比增加最接近

A cube has edge length 2.2. Suppose that we glue a cube of edge length 11 on top of the big cube so that one of its faces rests entirely on the top face of the larger cube. The percent increase in the surface area (sides, top, and bottom) from the original cube to the new solid formed is closest to

1010

1515

1717

2121

2525

答案:C
知识点:表面积百分数
难度评级:1510
小提示:

原立方体表面积为 6226\cdot2^2

The original cube has surface area 6226\cdot2^2

大提示:

小立方体遮住一个单位正方形,但增加五个单位正方形。

The small cube hides one unit square but adds five

解答:

原来的表面积为 622=64=24 6 \cdot 2^2 = 6 \cdot 4 = 24\text{。}

注意单位立方体的顶面加上大立方体顶面仍可见的部分,面积与大立方体一个面相同。

因此放在上方的单位立方体只让总表面积增加 44 个单位正方形,增加量为 44

百分比增加为 100424=1001616.7% 100 \cdot \dfrac{4}{24} = 100 \cdot \dfrac{1}{6} \approx 16.7\%\text{。}

所以正确答案是 C

The original surface area is just 622=64=24. 6 \cdot 2^2 = 6 \cdot 4 = 24.

Note that the top face of the unit cube plus the visible area of the top face of the larger cube is the same as the area of one face of the larger cube.

This means that the unit square on top only adds 44 unit squares to the total surface area, making the increase 4.4.

The percent increase is therefore 100424=1001616.7%. 100 \cdot \dfrac{4}{24} = 100 \cdot \dfrac{1}{6} \approx 16.7\%.

Thus, C is the correct answer.

23.

有一个包含七个数的列表。前四个数的平均数是 55,后四个数的平均数是 88。如果全部七个数的平均数是 6476\frac{4}{7},那么两组四个数中共同的那个数是

There is a list of seven numbers. The average of the first four numbers is 5,5, and the average of the last four numbers is 8.8. If the average of all seven numbers is 647,6\frac{4}{7}, then the number common to both sets of four numbers is

5375\frac{3}{7}

66

6476\frac{4}{7}

77

7377\frac{3}{7}

答案:B
难度评级:1610
小提示:

把每个平均数转化为总和。

Convert each average into a sum

大提示:

共同的数在两个四数总和中被计算了两次。

The shared number is counted twice in the two four-number sums

解答:

前四个数的和是 45=204 \cdot 5 = 20。后四个数的和是 48=324 \cdot 8 = 32

全部七个数的和是 7647=467 \cdot 6\frac{4}{7} = 46。共同的数包含在前两个和中。

也就是说,前两个和相加会把每个数计算一次,但共同的数计算两次。

而全部七个数的和只把每个数计算一次。因此用前两个和的总和减去七个数的总和,就得到共同的数。

所以共同的数为 20+3246=5246=6 20 + 32 - 46 = 52 - 46 = 6\text{。}

所以正确答案是 B

The sum of the first four numbers is 45=20.4 \cdot 5 = 20. The sum of the last four numbers is 48=32.4 \cdot 8 = 32.

The sum of all seven numbers is 7647=46.7 \cdot 6\frac{4}{7} = 46. We know that the number common to both sets is included in both of the first two sums.

This means that the sum of the first two sums includes every number once, except for the common number which is included twice.

The third sum, however, only includes every number once. This means that the sum of the first two sums minus the third sum yields our desired number.

Therefore, the common number is 20+3246=5246=6. 20 + 32 - 46 = 52 - 46 = 6.

Thus, B is the correct answer.

24.

如果 A=20\angle A = 20^\circ,且 AFG=AGF\angle AFG =\angle AGF,那么 B+D=\angle B+\angle D =

If A=20\angle A = 20^\circ and AFG=AGF,\angle AFG =\angle AGF, then B+D=\angle B+\angle D =

4848^\circ

6060^\circ

7272^\circ

8080^\circ

9090^\circ

答案:D
难度评级:1580
小提示:

先使用等腰三角形 AFGAFG

Use the isosceles triangle AFGAFG first

大提示:

再使用 BFD\triangle BFD 的内角和。

Then use the angle sum of BFD\triangle BFD

解答:

AFG\triangle AFG 中,两个底角相等,且 A=20\angle A=20^\circ,所以

AFG=AGF=180202=80 \begin{aligned} \angle AFG &= \angle AGF \\ &= \frac{180^\circ-20^\circ}{2} \\ &= 80^\circ \end{aligned}\text{。}

因为 AFG\angle AFGBFD\angle BFD 构成平角,所以 BFD=100\angle BFD=100^\circ

BFD\triangle BFD 中,B+D=180100=80\angle B+\angle D=180^\circ-100^\circ=80^\circ

所以正确答案是 D

In AFG,\triangle AFG, the two base angles are equal and A=20,\angle A=20^\circ, so

AFG=AGF=180202=80. \begin{aligned} \angle AFG &= \angle AGF \\ &= \frac{180^\circ-20^\circ}{2} \\ &= 80^\circ. \end{aligned}

Since AFG\angle AFG and BFD\angle BFD form a straight angle, BFD=100.\angle BFD=100^\circ.

In BFD,\triangle BFD, B+D=180100=80.\angle B+\angle D=180^\circ-100^\circ=80^\circ.

Thus, D is the correct answer.

25.

长方形 ABCDABCD 的面积是 7272 平方单位。若连接点 AABC\overline{BC} 的中点和 CD\overline{CD} 的中点形成一个三角形,那么该三角形的面积是

The area of rectangle ABCDABCD is 7272 square units. If point AA and the midpoints of BC\overline{BC} and CD\overline{CD} are joined to form a triangle, the area of that triangle is

2121

2727

3030

3636

4040

答案:B
难度评级:1520
小提示:

设长方形边长为 2a2a2b2b

Let the rectangle sides be 2a2a and 2b2b

大提示:

从长方形中减去外侧三个直角三角形。

Subtract the three outside right triangles from the rectangle

解答:

设长方形边长为 2a2a2b2b,所以面积为 4ab=724ab=72,即 ab=18ab=18

目标三角形外侧的三个直角三角形面积分别为 12(2a)(b)=ab\frac12(2a)(b)=ab12(2b)(a)=ab\frac12(2b)(a)=ab12(a)(b)=12ab\frac12(a)(b)=\frac12ab

它们的总面积为 52ab=45\frac52ab=45。因此目标三角形面积为 7245=2772-45=27

所以正确答案是 B

Let the rectangle have side lengths 2a2a and 2b,2b, so its area is 4ab=724ab=72 and ab=18.ab=18.

The three right triangles outside the desired triangle have areas 12(2a)(b)=ab,\frac12(2a)(b)=ab, 12(2b)(a)=ab,\frac12(2b)(a)=ab, and 12(a)(b)=12ab.\frac12(a)(b)=\frac12ab.

Their total area is 52ab=45.\frac52ab=45. Therefore the desired triangle has area 7245=27.72-45=27.

Thus, B is the correct answer.