2016 AMC 8 详解
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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。
1.
有史以来最长的职业网球比赛总共持续了 小时 分钟。这是多少分钟?
The longest professional tennis match ever played lasted a total of hours and minutes. How many minutes was this?
难度评级:370
视频讲解:
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文字解答:
一小时有 分钟,所以总时间为 分钟。
所以正确答案是 C。
There are minutes in an hour, so the total time is minutes.
Thus, C is the correct answer.
2.
在长方形 中,,。点 是 的中点。 的面积是多少?
In rectangle and Point is the midpoint of What is the area of
3.
四名学生参加考试。其中三人的分数是 和 。如果四人平均分为 ,那么剩下那人的分数是多少?
Four students take an exam. Three of their scores are and If the average of their four scores is then what is the remaining score?
难度评级:450
视频讲解:
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文字解答:
由平均分可知四人总分为 。因此剩下的分数为
所以正确答案是 A。
From the average, we can calculate the sum of the scores to be This means that the remaining score is
Thus, A is the correct answer.
4.
Cheenu 小时候能在 小时 分钟内跑 英里。现在他年老了,能在 小时内走 英里。现在他走一英里比小时候跑一英里多花多少分钟?
When Cheenu was a boy he could run miles in hours and minutes. As an old man he can now walk miles in hours. How many minutes longer does it take for him to walk a mile now compared to when he was a boy?
视频讲解:
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文字解答:
为了更容易比较速度,将它们都换成每英里所需分钟数。
小时候他跑 英里用了 分钟,所以速度为 分钟每英里。
现在他走 英里用了 分钟,所以速度为 分钟每英里。
相减得,现在他走一英里多花 分钟。
所以正确答案是 B。
To better compare the rates, we can change his speed into minutes per mile.
As a boy he ran miles in minutes, which means that he ran at a pace of minutes per mile.
As an adult, he can walk miles in minutes, which means he walks at a pace of minutes per mile.
Subtracting the two, we get that he takes more minutes to walk a mile as an adult.
Thus, B is the correct answer.
5.
数 是一个两位数,满足以下性质:
• 除以 的余数为 。
• 除以 的余数为 。
除以 的余数是多少?
The number is a two-digit number with the following properties:
• When is divided by the remainder is
• When is divided by the remainder is
What is the remainder when is divided by
视频讲解:
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文字解答:
除以 余 的两位数为: 除以 余 的两位数为: 其中唯一共同的数是 。 除以 的余数是 。
所以正确答案是 E。
The two-digit numbers that leave a remainder of when divided by are: The two-digit numbers that leave a remainder of when divided by are: Among these numbers, is the only common number. The remainder of when divided by is
Thus, E is the correct answer.
6.
下方条形图表示十九个人的名字长度(字母数)。这些名字长度的中位数是多少?
The following bar graph represents the length (in letters) of the names of 19 people. What is the median length of these names?
视频讲解:
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文字解答:
因为有 个人,每人对应一个名字长度,所以中间的长度是第十个值。从左侧开始数,数到第十个时得到 。
所以正确答案是 B。
Since there are people, each with one corresponding name length, the middle length will be the tenth one. Counting from the left side, the tenth value that we arrive upon is
Thus, B is the correct answer.
7.
下列哪个数不是完全平方数?
Which of the following numbers is not a perfect square?
视频讲解:
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文字解答:
任何指数为偶数的数都是完全平方数,所以可排除 A、C 和 E。另外,平方数的任意次幂仍然是平方数,所以也排除 D。
所以正确答案是 B。
Since any number with an even exponent is a perfect square, we can eliminate A, C, and E. Also, a square number to any power remains a square number, so that rules out D.
Thus, B is the correct answer.
8.
求表达式 的值。
Find the value of the expression
难度评级:900
视频讲解:
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文字解答:
可以把和分组为 每一对的值都是 ,共有 对。 因此总和为 。
所以正确答案是 C。
We can group the sum as follows: Note that each pair evaluates to and there are pairs. Therefore, the total sum is
Thus, C is the correct answer.
9.
的不同质数因子之和是多少?
What is the sum of the distinct prime integer divisors of
难度评级:960
视频讲解:
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文字解答:
将 质因数分解为 。因此 的质因子是 和 。它们的和为 ,所以正确答案是 B。
We can prime factorize as This shows that the prime divisors of are and The sum of these is so B is the correct answer.
10.
11.
有多少个两位数满足以下性质?
将这个数与它的数字反序得到的数相加,和为 。
Determine how many two-digit numbers satisfy the following property:
When the number is added to the number obtained by reversing its digits, the sum is
视频讲解:
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文字解答:
设这个两位数为 ,反序数为 。要让 满足题目条件,题意给出 可行的 为 其中 都为一位数字,共有 个。
所以正确答案是 B。
Let be the two-digit number in question. Then, it follows that the number obtained by reversing its digits is Therefore, in order for to satisfy the property in the question: The only possible solutions to this equation, where are both one digit, are: As such, there are solutions.
Thus, B is the correct answer.
12.
Jefferson Middle School 的男生和女生人数相同。女生中的四分之三和男生中的三分之二参加了实地考察。参加实地考察的学生中,女生占几分之几?
Jefferson Middle School has the same number of boys and girls. Three-fourths of the girls and two-thirds of the boys went on a field trip. What fraction of the students on the field trip were girls?
视频讲解:
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文字解答:
为了方便比较,将分数化为同分母: 所以参加实地考察的女生与男生之比为 ,女生占 。
所以正确答案是 B。
To more easily compare, we can convert the fractions to have the same denominator: This shows that the ratio of girls to boys is which means that the fraction of girls on the field trip is
Thus, B is the correct answer.
13.
从集合 中随机选出两个不同的数并相乘。乘积为 的概率是多少?
Two different numbers are randomly selected from the set and multiplied together. What is the probability that the product is
视频讲解:
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文字解答:
乘积为 的唯一方式是所选两个数中有一个是 如果第一个数选 ,那么第二个数有 种选择。
同样,第二个数选 时也有 种选择。
因此共有 个有序数对,其乘积为 总有序数对数为 ,所以概率为
所以正确答案是 D。
The only way for the product to be is if one of the numbers chosen is If the first number chosen is then there are options for the second number.
Similarly, there are combinations if was chosen second.
Therefore, there are total pairs where the product is The total number of pairs is so the probability is
Thus, D is the correct answer.
14.
Karl 的汽车每 英里用一加仑汽油,油箱加满时可装 加仑。
某天,Karl 出发时油箱是满的,开了 英里后买了 加仑汽油,然后继续开到目的地。到达时,他的油箱还有一半满。Karl 那天一共开了多少英里?
Karl's car uses a gallon of gas every miles, and his gas tank holds gallons when it is full.
One day, Karl started with a full tank of gas, drove miles, bought gallons of gas, and continued driving to his destination. When he arrived, his gas tank was half full. How many miles did Karl drive that day?
难度评级:1170
视频讲解:
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文字解答:
Karl 开 英里用了 加仑汽油。
他又加了 加仑到原来剩下的 加仑中,一共有 加仑。
到达时油箱半满,所以后来又用了 加仑,对应 英里。
因此总路程为 英里。
所以正确答案是 A。
If Karl drove miles, then he used gallons of gas.
When he bought more gas, he added gallons to gallons, attaining a total of gallons.
If his tank was half full when he arrived, he used gallons, which equates to miles.
Therefore, he travelled a total distance of miles.
Thus, A is the correct answer.
15.
能整除 的最大的 的幂是多少?
What is the largest power of that is a divisor of
16.
Annie 和 Bonnie 正在绕一个 米椭圆形跑道跑圈。她们同时出发,但 Annie 已经领先,因为她比 Bonnie 快 。Annie 第一次追上并超过 Bonnie 时,她已经跑了多少圈?
Annie and Bonnie are running laps around a -meter oval track. They started together, but Annie has pulled ahead, because she runs faster than Bonnie. How many laps will Annie have run when she first passes Bonnie?
视频讲解:
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文字解答:
因为 Annie 比 Bonnie 快 ,所以 Bonnie 每完成一圈时,Annie 完成圈。也就是说 Bonnie 每跑一圈,Annie 领先四分之一圈。
Annie 要整整领先一圈,需要 Bonnie 完成 圈,此时 Annie 完成 圈。
所以正确答案是 D。
Since Annie is faster than Bonnie, for every lap Bonnie finishes, Annie completes laps. Therefore, Annie gains a quarter lap every time Bonnie finishes a lap.
With this in mind, for Annie to completely lap Bonnie, Bonnie must finish laps, which means that Annie finished laps.
Thus, D is the correct answer.
17.
Fred's Bank 的 ATM 密码由 到 中的四个数字组成,允许数字重复。如果密码不能以序列 开头,那么有多少个可能密码?
An ATM password at Fred's Bank is composed of four digits from to with repeated digits allowable. If no password may begin with the sequence then how many passwords are possible?
视频讲解:
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文字解答:
没有限制时,密码总数为 。这个条件排除了 个密码,因为前 位固定为九、一、一,最后一位可以任意。因此可接受密码数为
所以正确答案是 D。
The total number of passwords with no conditions is The condition removes possible passwords since the first are determined, and the last one can be anything. Therefore, the number of acceptable passwords is
Thus, D is the correct answer.
18.
在一次全地区田径赛中, 名短跑运动员参加 米短跑比赛。跑道有 条道,所以一次只能有 名运动员比赛。每场比赛结束后,五名非获胜者被淘汰,获胜者将在后面的比赛中继续参赛。
需要多少场比赛才能决出短跑冠军?
In an All-Area track meet, sprinters enter a -meter dash competition. The track has lanes, so only sprinters can compete at a time. At the end of each race, the five non-winners are eliminated, and the winner will compete again in a later race.
How many races are needed to determine the champion sprinter?
难度评级:1170
视频讲解:
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文字解答:
每场比赛淘汰 人。 要决出冠军,需要淘汰 人。 因此需要 场比赛。
所以正确答案是 C。
Note that each race eliminates people. For there to be a winner, must be eliminated. Therefore, races are required to eliminate this number of people.
Thus, C is the correct answer.
19.
个连续偶整数的和是 。这 个连续偶整数中最大的是多少?
The sum of consecutive even integers is What is the largest of these consecutive even integers?
难度评级:1100
视频讲解:
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文字解答:
这些数的平均数为 。因为共有二十五个连续偶整数,平均数就是中间项。最大数比中间项大 个偶数间隔,所以等于 。
所以正确答案是 E。
The average of these numbers is The largest number is even numbers away, which means that it equals
Thus, E is the correct answer.
20.
和 的最小公倍数是 , 和 的最小公倍数是 。 和 的最小公倍数的最小可能值是多少?
The least common multiple of and is and the least common multiple of and is What is the least possible value of the least common multiple of and
难度评级:1390
视频讲解:
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文字解答:
必须同时整除 和 ,所以它只能是 或 。
如果 ,则可取 、,它们的最小公倍数为 。如果 ,则可取 、,此时最小公倍数为 。
所以正确答案是 A。
We know that has to divide both and so it must equal either or
If then and making their least common multiple If then we may take and The least common multiple in this scenario is
Thus, A is the correct answer.
21.
一个盒子里有 枚红色筹码和 枚绿色筹码。每次随机抽出一枚筹码且不放回,直到 枚红色筹码都被抽出,或直到两枚绿色筹码都被抽出。 枚红色筹码都被抽出的概率是多少?
A box contains red chips and green chips. Chips are drawn randomly, one at a time without replacement, until all of the reds are drawn or until both green chips are drawn. What is the probability that the reds are drawn?
视频讲解:
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文字解答:
枚红色筹码先于两枚绿色筹码都被抽出,当且仅当完整抽取顺序中的最后一枚筹码是绿色。在这些位置安排中共有 种,其中最后一个位置为绿色的有 种。
因此所求概率为
所以正确答案是 B。
The reds are drawn before both green chips exactly when a green chip is the last chip in the full ordering. There are equally likely ways to choose the two positions of the green chips, and of them have a green chip in the last position.
Therefore, the desired probability is
Thus, B is the correct answer.
22.
下图中长方形 是一个 长方形,且 。“蝙蝠翅膀”(阴影部分)的面积是
Rectangle below is a rectangle with The area of the "bat wings" (shaded area) is
视频讲解:
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文字解答:
设 是 的中点, 是 的中点。再设 为 和 的交点。
的面积为 由对称性, 和 相似。它们底边之比为 ,所以高之比也相同。因此 ,得 。
所以 于是 图形对称,所以蝙蝠翅膀总面积为 。
所以正确答案是 C。
Define to be the midpoint of and to be the midpoint of Also define to be the intersection of and
The area of equals By symmetry, we can see that and are similar. Since their bases are in a ratio, so are their altitudes. This means that which implies that
Therefore, the area of This implies that the area of Since the figure is symmetric, the total area of the bat wings is
Thus, C is the correct answer.
23.
两个全等圆分别以点 和 为圆心,并且每个圆都经过另一个圆的圆心。经过 和 的直线延长后与两个圆分别交于点 和 。
两圆相交于两点,其中一点为 。 的度数是多少?
Two congruent circles centered at points and each pass through the other circle's center. The line containing both and is extended to intersect the circles at points and
The circles intersect at two points, one of which is What is the degree measure of
视频讲解:
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文字解答:
因为 ,它们都是全等圆的半径,所以它们构成等边三角形,。
又因为 和 是直径,所以 因此 得 。
所以正确答案是 C。
We know that since they are all radii of congruent circles, so they form an equilateral triangle, which means that
Also, since and are diameters, Therefore, which equals
Thus, C is the correct answer.
24.
数字 、、、、 各使用一次,写成五位数 。三位数 能被 整除,三位数 能被 整除,三位数 能被 整除。 是多少?
The digits and are each used once to write a five-digit number The three-digit number is divisible by the three-digit number is divisible by and the three-digit number is divisible by What is
视频讲解:
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文字解答:
因为 能被 整除,所以 。
因为 能被 整除,所以 可以是 或 。
如果 ,则 ,那么 ,用剩余数字无法使其被 整除。如果 ,则 ,也遇到同样问题。因此 ,于是 。在剩余数字中,只有 使 能被 整除。
因此 。
所以正确答案是 A。
Since is divisible by we know that
Since is divisible by equals either or
If then so cannot be divisible by using the remaining digits. If then again, giving the same obstacle. Thus and then Among the remaining digits, only makes divisible by .
Therefore,
Thus, A is the correct answer.
25.
一个半圆内切于一个底为 、高为 的等腰三角形中,半圆的直径位于三角形的底边上,如图所示。半圆的半径是多少?
A semicircle is inscribed in an isosceles triangle with base and height so that the diameter of the semicircle is contained in the base of the triangle as shown. What is the radius of the semicircle?
视频讲解:
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文字解答:
设 是圆心,也就是 的中点。
由勾股定理可得 。
另一方面, 的面积为 又因为半径垂直于切点处的边,且 ,从而
所以正确答案是 B。
Let be the center of the circle, which is the midpoint of
We then get that via the Pythagorean theorem.
In addition, we can also calculate the area of as: As the area of we can see that
Thus, B is the correct answer.