1998 AMC 8 真题
计时
40:00
1.
当 时,下列哪一个最小?
For which of the following is the smallest?
小提示:
先代入 。
Substitute first.
大提示:
分子相同时,比较分母大小。
With equal numerators, compare denominators.
解答:
代入 ,五个选项的值依次为 、、、 和 。
只有前两个值小于 。这两个分数的分子相同,所以分母较大的分数较小。因此正确答案是 B。
Substituting gives the five values and
The first two are the only values less than Because they have the same numerator, the fraction with the larger denominator is smaller. Thus, the correct answer is B .
2.
如果 ,那么 的值是多少?
If what is the value of
答案:E
小提示:
把 、、 和 分别对应到四个位置上的数。
Match and to the four entries.
大提示:
计算 。
Compute
解答:
代入定义得到
所以正确答案是 E。
Substituting into the definition gives
Thus, the correct answer is E .
3.
下列表达式的值是多少?
What is the value of the following expression?
答案:B
小提示:
先把分子里的两个分数相加。
Add the numerator fractions first.
大提示:
除以 等于乘以 。
Dividing by means multiplying by
解答:
计算得:
所以正确答案是 B。
This evaluates to:
Thus, the correct answer is B .
4.
这个图形中有多少个三角形?(有些三角形可能与其他三角形重叠。)
How many triangles are in this figure? (Some triangles may overlap other triangles.)
小提示:
分别数小三角形和较大的三角形
Count small and larger triangles separately.
大提示:
不要忘记由几个小三角形合成的三角形
Do not forget triangles formed by combining smaller ones.
解答:
图中有三个小三角形,两个最右边小三角形合成的一个三角形,以及整个外部大三角形。
一共是 个三角形。
所以正确答案是 E。
The figure contains three small triangles, the triangle made from the two rightmost small triangles, and the large outside triangle.
This gives triangles.
Thus, the correct answer is E .
5.
下列哪个数最大?
Which of the following numbers is largest?
小提示:
把循环小数多写出几位
Write the repeating decimals out for a few places.
大提示:
从左到右比较,在第一个不同的数位处判断大小
Compare at the first digit where the decimals differ.
解答:
每个数都以 开头。下一位是 的是选项 和 ,是 的是 ,是 的是 ,是 的是 。
选项 到此终止,后续各位补零;选项 则继续出现 。因此 最大。
所以正确答案是 B。
Each number starts with The next digit is for choices and for for and for
Choice then terminates and is followed by zeros, while choice continues with more s. Thus, choice is largest.
Thus, the correct answer is B .
6.
点在水平方向和竖直方向上都相隔一个单位。这个多边形围成的面积是多少平方单位?
Dots are spaced one unit apart, horizontally and vertically. The number of square units enclosed by the polygon is
小提示:
把上方斜边形成的小三角形移到下方缺口处
Move the slanted top triangle into the missing bottom space.
大提示:
这个多边形面积等于一个 长方形的面积。
The polygon has the area of a rectangle.
解答:
考虑底部的 长方形。长方形上方那块三角形的面积,恰好等于它下方缺失的那块三角形的面积。把其中一块补到另一块的位置,就得到一个完整的 长方形,所以多边形的面积为 。
所以正确答案是 B。
Consider the rectangle on the bottom. The triangular piece above that rectangle has the same area as the missing triangular piece below it. Rearranging one into the other gives a full rectangle, so the polygon’s area is
Thus, the correct answer is B .
7.
8.
一个儿童浅水池中有 加仑水。如果水以每天 加仑的速度蒸发,且没有其他水加入或取出,那么 天后池中还有多少加仑水?
A child’s wading pool contains gallons of water. If water evaporates at the rate of gallons per day and no other water is added or removed, how many gallons of water will be in the pool after days?
答案:C
小提示:
先求 天一共蒸发了多少水
Find how much water evaporates in days.
大提示:
从初始水量中减去 。
Subtract from the starting amount.
解答:
蒸发掉的水量是 加仑,所以剩余水量为
所以正确答案是 C。
The amount lost is gallons. Therefore, the amount left is
Thus, the correct answer is C .
9.
促销时,店主把一条 围巾降价 。后来价格再次降低,这次降低为折后价的一半。现在价格是
For a sale, a store owner reduces the price of a scarf by Later the price is lowered again, this time by one-half the reduced price. The price is now
答案:C
小提示:
降价 后剩下原价的 。
A reduction leaves
大提示:
第二次降价把折后价减半
The second reduction halves the reduced price.
解答:
第一次降价 后,价格为 。
再减半后,价格为 。
所以正确答案是 C。
After the reduction, the price is
Then, after halving the price, the price is
Thus, the correct answer is C .
10.
字母 、、 和 分别表示集合 中不同的整数,但顺序不一定如此。它们满足 与 的和是多少?
Each of the letters and represents a different integer in the set but not necessarily in that order. They satisfy What is the sum of and
11.
Harry 有 个姐妹和 个兄弟。他的姐妹 Harriet 有 个姐妹和 个兄弟。 与 的乘积是多少?
Harry has sisters and brothers. His sister Harriet has sisters and brothers. What is the product of and
小提示:
先数这个家庭中一共有多少男孩和女孩
First count the total boys and girls in the family.
大提示:
Harriet 是 Harry 的姐妹之一
Harriet is one of Harry’s sisters.
解答:
Harry 有 个姐妹和 个兄弟,所以这个家庭有 个女孩和 个男孩。Harriet 是女孩之一,所以她有 个姐妹和 个兄弟。
因此 。
所以正确答案是 C。
Since Harry has sisters and brothers, the family has girls and boys. Harriet is one of the girls, so she has sisters and brothers.
Therefore,
Thus, the correct answer is C .
12.
13.
阴影正方形的面积与大正方形面积之比是多少?(图按比例绘制。)
What is the ratio of the area of the shaded square to the area of the large square? (The figure is drawn to scale.)
小提示:
把大正方形中的网格线延长
Extend the grid lines in the large square.
大提示:
阴影正方形由四个半单位正方形组成。
The shaded square is made from four half-unit squares.
解答:
如图,把原图延伸成一个 乘 的网格:
大正方形由 个单位正方形组成。阴影正方形由四个半单位正方形组成,所以其面积为 。因此所求比值为 。
所以正确答案是 C。
Extend the figure to a by grid as shown:
The large square consists of unit squares. The shaded square is made from four half-unit squares, so its area is Therefore, the required ratio is
Thus, the correct answer is C .
14.
在 Annville Junior High School,数学俱乐部中 的学生也参加科学俱乐部,科学俱乐部中 的学生也参加数学俱乐部。科学俱乐部有 名学生。数学俱乐部有多少名学生?
At Annville Junior High School, of the students in the Math Club are in the Science Club, and of the students in the Science Club are in the Math Club. There are students in the Science Club. How many students are in the Math Club?
答案:E
小提示:
先求两个俱乐部都参加的学生人数
Find the number of students in both clubs first.
大提示:
这个重叠人数是数学俱乐部人数的
That overlap is of the Math Club.
解答:
由于 的 名科学俱乐部学生也参加数学俱乐部,所以两个俱乐部共有的学生数是 。这相当于数学俱乐部人数的 ,因此数学俱乐部有 名学生。
所以正确答案是 E。
Since of the Science Club students are also in the Math Club, the two clubs overlap in students. This is of the Math Club, so the Math Club has students.
Thus, the correct answer is E .
15.
第 , 和 题都参考以下内容:
不要让群岛太拥挤
在 Irenic Sea 的正中央,有美丽的 Nisos Isles。 年这些岛上的人口只有 ,但人口每 年增长为原来的三倍。Queen Irene 规定,岛上每位居民至少必须有 平方英里的土地。Nisos Isles 的总面积是 平方英里。
估计 年 Nisos 的人口。
Problems and all refer to the following:
Don’t Crowd The Isles
In the very center of the Irenic Sea lie the beautiful Nisos Isles. In the number of people on these islands is only but the population triples every years. Queen Irene has decreed that there must be at least square miles for every person living in the Isles. The total area of the Nisos Isles is square miles.
Estimate the population of Nisos in the year
小提示:
人口连续两次变为原来的三倍,年份就从 年到了 年。
Tripling twice gets from to
大提示:
用 作为最接近 的参考年份。
Use as the closest benchmark to
解答:
到 年时,已经过了 年(从 年算起),人口为 。
因为 接近 ,所以 年人口约为 ,最接近的选项是 。
所以正确答案是 D。
The population in which is years after is
Since is close to the population in is approximately and the closest choice is
Thus, the correct answer is D .
16.
估计 Nisos 人口约为 的年份。
Estimate the year in which the population of Nisos will be approximately
小提示:
比较 与起始人口
Compare with the starting population
大提示:
三次变为原来的三倍,接近变为原来的 倍
Three triplings are close to a factor of
解答:
这一年的人口约为 倍于 年的人口。这意味着人口大约要经历 次三倍增长,也就是从 年起约 年之后,即约为 年,因此 最接近。
所以正确答案是 B。
This would be the year the population is times as much as in This means the population triples approximately times, making the year approximately years after This would be so is the best approximation.
Thus, the correct answer is B .
17.
从 年起,大约多少年后,Nisos 的人口会达到 Queen Irene 宣称这些岛屿可以承载的人口数量?
In how many years, approximately, from will the population of Nisos be as much as Queen Irene has proclaimed that the islands can support?
年
years
年
years
年
years
年
years
年
years
小提示:
先计算这些岛屿最多能承载多少人
Compute how many people the islands can support.
大提示:
把承载人口与每次三倍增长后的人口作比较
Compare the capacity with the population after each tripling.
解答:
最大承载人口为 ,约为 倍于 年的人口。因此大约需要 次三倍增长,从 年算起,所需时间约为 年。
所以正确答案是 C。
The maximal population is This is times as much as the population in so it would be about triples from That would be years.
Thus, the correct answer is C .
18.
如下图所示,一张长方形纸先从下往上折,再从左往右折,最后在 处打一个孔。展开后纸是什么样子?
As indicated by the diagram below, a rectangular piece of paper is folded bottom to top, then left to right, and finally, a hole is punched at What does the paper look like when unfolded?
小提示:
展开时先展开最后一次折叠
Unfold the last fold first.
大提示:
每次折叠都会把孔关于折痕反射一次
Each fold reflects the hole across the fold line.
解答:
最后折好的长方形是原纸的右上四分之一,孔打在这个折后长方形的左上部分。
展开时,孔会分别关于水平和竖直折痕反射。只有选项 B 有这四个对应位置的孔。
所以正确答案是 B。
The final folded rectangle is the upper-right quarter of the original sheet, and the hole is punched in the upper-left part of that folded rectangle.
Unfolding reflects the hole across the horizontal and vertical fold lines. Only choice B has the four corresponding holes.
Thus, the correct answer is B .
19.
Tamika 从集合 中随机选择两个不同的数并相加。Carlos 从集合 中随机选择两个不同的数并相乘。Tamika 的结果大于 Carlos 的结果的概率是多少?
Tamika selects two different numbers at random from the set and adds them. Carlos takes two different numbers at random from the set and multiplies them. What is the probability that Tamika’s result is greater than Carlos’ result?
小提示:
列出 Tamika 可能得到的和,以及 Carlos 可能得到的积
List Tamika’s possible sums and Carlos’ possible products.
大提示:
在九个等可能的配对结果中数有利情况
Count the favorable ordered pairs among the nine equally likely pairs.
解答:
Tamika 可能得到 、 或 ,Carlos 可能得到 、 或 。
从两人各选一个结果,形成九个等可能配对。Tamika 的结果较大的情况是 、、 和 ,所以这 个配对中有 个符合条件。
所以正确答案是 A。
Tamika can get or and Carlos can get or
The nine equally likely pairs are formed by choosing one result from each person. Tamika’s result is greater in and so of the pairs work.
Thus, the correct answer is A .
20.
设 是一张正方形纸。把 折到 ,再把 折到 。所得图形的面积为 平方英寸。求正方形 的周长。
Let be a square piece of paper. is folded onto and then is folded onto The area of the resulting figure is square inches. Find the perimeter of square
小提示:
两次折叠后,四个全等部分组成原正方形
After the two folds, four congruent pieces make the original square.
大提示:
用所得图形面积求出原正方形边长
Use the resulting area to find the original side length.
解答:
两次折叠后得到的三角形面积为 。四个这样的全等三角形组成原正方形。
所以原正方形面积为 ,边长为 。周长为 。
所以正确答案是 D。
After the two folds, the resulting triangle has area Four congruent copies of this triangle make the original square.
So the square has area giving side length Its perimeter is
Thus, the correct answer is D .
21.
一个 的立方体盒子内装有 个完全填满盒子的相同小立方体。有多少个小立方体接触盒子的侧面或底面?
A cubical box contains identical small cubes that exactly fill the box. How many of these small cubes touch a side or the bottom of the box?
小提示:
数不接触侧面或底面的立方体数量
Count the cubes that do not touch a side or the bottom.
大提示:
不接触的内部核心是 。
The untouched interior core is
解答:
不接触侧面或底面的立方体只可能在底层以上的内部核心中。这个核心尺寸为 ,共 个小立方体。
因此接触侧面或底面的立方体有 个。
所以正确答案是 B。
The only cubes that do not touch a side or the bottom form the interior core above the bottom layer. This core has dimensions so it contains cubes.
Thus, cubes touch a side or the bottom.
Thus, the correct answer is B .
22.
Terri 按三条规则生成一个正整数序列。她从一个正整数开始,然后对结果应用合适的规则,并持续这样做。
规则 :如果整数小于 ,则乘以 。
规则 :如果整数是偶数且大于 ,则除以 。
规则 :如果整数是奇数且大于 ,则减去 。
例如,样例序列为 ,,,,,。
求以 、、 开头的这个序列的第 项。
Terri produces a sequence of positive integers by following three rules. She starts with a positive integer, then applies the appropriate rule to the result, and continues in this fashion.
Rule If the integer is less than multiply it by
Rule If the integer is even and greater than divide it by
Rule If the integer is odd and greater than subtract from it.
For example, consider the sample sequence
Find the th term of the sequence that begins
小提示:
生成各项,直到某个值重复
Generate terms until a value repeats.
大提示:
循环开始后,把项数按循环长度取余
After the repeat begins, reduce the index modulo the cycle length.
解答:
序列开始为
前三项之后,循环 重复。因为 是 的倍数,第 项是循环中的第五项,即 。
所以正确答案是 D。
The sequence begins
After the first three terms, the cycle repeats. Since is a multiple of the th term is the fifth term of the cycle,
Thus, the correct answer is D .
23.
如果图中的模式继续,第八个三角形内部有多少比例会被涂色?
If the pattern in the diagram continues, what fraction of the interior would be shaded in the eighth triangle?
24.
一个长方形板有 列小方格,从左上角开始编号,第一行从左到右编号为 到 ,第二行为 到 ,依此类推。一个学生涂色方格 ,然后跳过一个方格涂色方格 ,跳过两个方格涂色方格 ,跳过 个方格涂色方格 ,并继续这样做,直到每一列至少有一个涂色方格。
第一次达到这个结果时,被涂色方格的编号是多少?
A rectangular board of columns has squares numbered beginning in the upper left corner and moving left to right so row one is numbered through row two is through and so on. A student shades square then skips one square and shades square skips two squares and shades square skips squares and shades square and continues in this way until there is at least one shaded square in each column.
What is the number of the shaded square that first achieves this result?
小提示:
列号对应模 的余数
Columns correspond to residues modulo
大提示:
被涂色的方格编号是三角形数
The shaded squares are triangular numbers.
解答:
被涂色的方格编号是三角形数 、、、、、。列对应模 的余数,其中余数 表示第八列。
到 为止的三角形数模八的余数为 、、、、、、、、、、、、 和 。因此还没有出现第八列的余数。
下一个三角形数是 ,且 。这是第一次每一列都有涂色方格。
所以正确答案是 E。
The shaded squares are the triangular numbers Columns correspond to residues modulo with residue representing the eighth column.
The triangular numbers through have residues and Thus, the eighth-column residue has not appeared yet.
The next triangular number is and This is the first time every column has a shaded square.
Thus, the correct answer is E .
25.
三位慷慨的朋友各有一些现金,并按如下方式重新分配:Ami 给 Jan 和 Toy 足够的钱,使他们各自的钱数加倍。然后 Jan 给 Ami 和 Toy 足够的钱,使他们各自的钱数加倍。最后 Toy 给 Ami 和 Jan 足够的钱,使他们各自的钱数加倍。如果 Toy 开始时有 ,结束时也有 ,那么三位朋友一共有多少钱?
Three generous friends, each with some cash, redistribute their money as follows: Ami gives enough money to Jan and Toy to double the amount that each has. Jan then gives enough to Ami and Toy to double their amounts. Finally, Toy gives Ami and Jan enough to double their amounts. If Toy has when they begin and when they end, what is the total amount that all three friends have?
小提示:
跟踪 Toy 在前两次分配后的钱数
Track Toy’s amount through the first two exchanges.
大提示:
Toy 最后一次给出的钱数等于 Ami 和 Jan 当时的总钱数
Before Toy’s final turn, the amount he gives equals Ami and Jan’s combined amount.
解答:
Toy 开始有 。Ami 使 Toy 的钱加倍后,Toy 有 。Jan 再使 Toy 的钱加倍后,Toy 有 。
Toy 最后结束时有 ,所以 Toy 给出了 。这笔钱使 Ami 和 Jan 的总钱数加倍,因此 Toy 最后行动前 Ami 和 Jan 合计有 。
总钱数不变,所以总数是 。
所以正确答案是 D。
Toy begins with After Ami doubles Toy’s amount, Toy has After Jan doubles Toy’s amount, Toy has
On Toy’s final turn, Toy ends with so Toy gives away That gift doubles the combined amount of Ami and Jan, so Ami and Jan together had just before Toy’s final turn.
The total amount of money is constant, so the total is
Thus, the correct answer is D .